Naming Polyatomic Ion Compounds With Transition Metals (31)

Summary

This educational video script delves into the intricacies of naming compounds with polyatomic ions, a crucial concept in chemistry. It guides viewers through the process of identifying and naming these compounds, whether starting from a name or a formula. The script emphasizes the importance of memorizing common polyatomic ions and provides a systematic approach to handle complex scenarios, including those involving transition metals. With a touch of humor, it encourages viewers to practice and apply these naming rules to solidify their understanding of ionic compounds.

Takeaways

• 🧪 The video discusses the importance of understanding polyatomic ions in chemistry, emphasizing their prevalence in ionic compounds.
• 📚 It outlines the steps for naming compounds containing polyatomic ions, either from the name to the formula or vice versa.
• 📝 The script advises viewers to have a list of common polyatomic ions handy for easy reference when naming compounds.
• 🔍 It explains the process of identifying polyatomic ions in a compound by looking for multiple different kinds of atoms.
• 📐 The video provides a method for naming ionic compounds with polyatomic ions, including the use of parentheses to denote the start and end of a polyatomic ion.
• 🔄 It highlights the exception of ammonium, which is a polyatomic cation and is named first, followed by the anion ending in 'ide'.
• 📖 The script covers the advanced topic of ionic compounds containing both polyatomic ions and transition metals, detailing the steps for their naming.
• 📝 It stresses the importance of correctly using parentheses to group polyatomic ions together to avoid confusion about the number of ions present.
• 🧩 The video includes practice examples to help viewers apply the naming rules for ionic compounds with polyatomic ions.
• 🎓 Lastly, it summarizes the general rules for naming ions, categorizing them into three cases: normal metal with non-metal, transition metal with non-metal, and metal with polyatomic ion.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video script?

The main focus of the video script is to teach viewers how to name compounds containing polyatomic ions, either from the name to the formula or the formula to the name, and to summarize the steps for naming ionic compounds in general.

Why are polyatomic ions important in chemistry?

Polyatomic ions are important in chemistry because they are groups of two or more non-metal atoms that act as a single ion with a specific charge, and they are commonly found in many chemical compounds.

What is the first step in naming compounds with polyatomic ions?

The first step in naming compounds with polyatomic ions is to name the compound with the same rules as before, which involves identifying the metal and non-metal elements, with the non-metal often being the polyatomic ion.

Why is it necessary to write down the names of common polyatomic ions?

It is necessary to write down the names of common polyatomic ions because they are frequently used in naming compounds and having them readily available helps in quickly and accurately identifying and naming these ions.

What is the 'cookie' analogy used in the script for?

The 'cookie' analogy is used to explain the importance of using parentheses around polyatomic ions to indicate the start and end of the ion, which helps in correctly interpreting the formula and charge balance of the compound.

How does the script differentiate between naming ionic compounds with transition metals and those without?

The script differentiates by stating that if there is a transition metal, it should be named first with a Roman numeral in parentheses to indicate its charge, followed by the anion, which ends in 'ide'. For non-transition metals, the cation is named first followed by the polyatomic ion.

What is the significance of the 'drop and swap' method mentioned in the script?

The 'drop and swap' method is significant as it helps in balancing the charges in the compound by placing the appropriate numerical charges on the cation and anion to ensure the overall charge of the compound is neutral.

What is the role of parentheses when naming polyatomic ions in compounds?

Parentheses are used to group the entire polyatomic ion together, which is crucial for indicating the correct number of atoms within the ion and for distinguishing between multiple ions in the compound.

Why is it important to recognize when a compound contains both a transition metal and a polyatomic ion?

Recognizing when a compound contains both a transition metal and a polyatomic ion is important because it requires combining the naming conventions for both, ensuring the correct representation of the compound's structure and charge.

How does the script handle the exception of ammonium in polyatomic ion naming?

The script handles the exception of ammonium by stating that it is the only polyatomic cation and should always be named first, followed by the anion. If paired with another polyatomic ion, the anion's name is used without converting it to an 'ide' ending.

Outlines

00:00

🧪 Understanding Polyatomic Ions in Compounds

This paragraph introduces the concept of polyatomic ions, emphasizing their importance in chemistry, especially in ionic compounds. It guides viewers on how to name compounds containing polyatomic ions, either deducing the name from the formula or vice versa. The narrator encourages viewers to familiarize themselves with common polyatomic ions for easy reference. The process involves identifying the metal and non-metal elements, using the metal's name followed by the polyatomic ion's name, with special attention to the order due to the ionic nature of the bond. The paragraph also humorously uses the 'cookie' analogy to explain the importance of parentheses in indicating the start and end of a polyatomic ion in a compound's name.

05:01

🔬 Naming Compounds with Polyatomic and Transition Metals

The second paragraph delves into the intricacies of naming ionic compounds that contain both polyatomic ions and transition metals. It outlines the steps for identifying and naming such compounds, starting with the cation (often a transition metal) and then the anion (the polyatomic ion). The paragraph stresses the importance of using parentheses to group polyatomic ions correctly and ensuring the charges balance to zero. Examples are given to illustrate the process, including how to handle multiple polyatomic ions and the use of roman numerals to denote the charge of transition metals. The narrator also encourages practice by pausing the video for viewers to attempt naming exercises before revealing the answers.

10:04

📚 Advanced Naming of Ionic Compounds

This paragraph tackles advanced scenarios in ionic compound naming, particularly when dealing with multiple polyatomic ions or when the metal is a transition metal that does not require a roman numeral to indicate its charge. The narrator provides detailed examples, such as 'cobalt(5)-sulfate' and 'manganese(2)-carbonate', to demonstrate how to balance charges and correctly use parentheses. The paragraph also addresses the special case of ammonium, the only polyatomic cation, and how it behaves differently when paired with other polyatomic ions. The importance of precision in naming, especially with parentheses, is reiterated to avoid misinterpretation of the compound's structure.

15:07

📖 Summary of Ionic Naming Conventions

The final paragraph summarizes the general rules for naming ions, focusing on three main scenarios: simple metal-non-metal ionic bonds, transition metals with non-metals, and metals with polyatomic ions. It reiterates the importance of using the cation's name followed by the anion's name (ending in 'ide') for simple ionic bonds, and for transition metals, the use of roman numerals in parentheses to indicate charge. The paragraph also covers the special rules for polyatomic ions, including the use of the polyatomic ion chart for naming and the correct application of parentheses. The narrator concludes with a light-hearted reminder to keep charges straight and encourages viewers to subscribe for more educational content.

Keywords

💡Polyatomic ions

Polyatomic ions are groups of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded and have an overall charge. They are a key concept in the video as they are involved in the formation of ionic compounds. The video emphasizes the importance of recognizing and naming polyatomic ions correctly, such as nitrate (NO3-) and sulfate (SO4^2-), which are used to illustrate the naming process.

💡Ions

Ions are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge. The video discusses the role of ions in forming compounds, particularly focusing on the naming conventions for ionic compounds that contain polyatomic ions. Ions are central to the theme of the video, which is to teach viewers how to name compounds involving ions.

💡Transition metals

Transition metals are a group of elements in the periodic table known for their ability to form multiple charges. In the context of the video, transition metals are highlighted because they often require a Roman numeral in their chemical names to denote their oxidation state. The video provides examples of how to name compounds with transition metals and polyatomic ions.

💡Cation

A cation is a positively charged ion, typically a metal that has lost one or more electrons. The video explains that in ionic compounds, cations combine with anions to form neutral compounds. The video script uses 'cation' in the context of naming ionic compounds, emphasizing the need to identify the cation's name and charge.

💡Anion

An anion is a negatively charged ion, usually a non-metal that has gained one or more electrons. The video discusses anions, particularly polyatomic anions, and how they are named in compounds. Anions are integral to the video's theme as they are part of the naming process for ionic compounds.

💡Nomenclature

Nomenclature refers to the set of rules for naming chemical compounds. The video focuses on the nomenclature of ionic compounds, especially those containing polyatomic ions. The script provides detailed steps for naming such compounds, emphasizing the importance of correct naming conventions.

💡Charge balance

Charge balance is the principle that the total positive charge must equal the total negative charge in a neutral compound. The video script explains how to achieve charge balance in ionic compounds, particularly when dealing with transition metals and polyatomic ions, using the 'drop and swap' method.

💡Roman numerals

Roman numerals are used in chemistry to indicate the oxidation state of transition metals. The video mentions that when naming compounds with transition metals, a Roman numeral in parentheses is used to show the metal's charge. This is crucial for understanding how to correctly name such compounds.

💡Ammonium

Ammonium is a polyatomic cation with the formula NH4+. The video script points out that ammonium is an exception to the general rule of naming polyatomic ions, as it is a cation rather than an anion. The video provides examples of how to name compounds containing ammonium.

💡Parentheses

In chemical nomenclature, parentheses are used to group polyatomic ions together, especially when there is more than one of the same ion in a formula. The video emphasizes the importance of using parentheses to correctly indicate the number of polyatomic ions in a compound, ensuring the charge is balanced.

Highlights

Introduction to polyatomic ions and their importance in chemistry.

Explanation of the endless applications of ions in chemistry.

Guidance on utilizing steps for naming compounds with polyatomic ions.

Emphasis on the importance of knowing common polyatomic ions for naming compounds.

Step-by-step process for naming compounds with polyatomic ions.

The rule of naming cations first followed by the polyatomic ion's name.

Exception handling for ammonium as a polyatomic cation.

Use of parentheses to denote polyatomic ions in chemical formulas.

How to identify polyatomic ions in molecular formulas.

Naming compounds with multiple polyatomic ions.

The concept of 'cookies' to represent polyatomic ions in formulas.

Advanced ionic naming involving transition metals and polyatomic ions.

How to balance charges in ionic compounds with transition metals.

Practical examples of naming ionic compounds with transition metals and polyatomic ions.

The unique role of ammonium as the only polyatomic cation.

Final practice problems to test understanding of ionic naming.

Summary of the three main cases for naming ions in chemistry.

Encouragement to maintain charge balance in ionic compounds.

Closing remarks with a humorous analogy to encourage learning.

Transcripts

all right so now that we know what

polyatomics are i'm pretty sure you're

wondering

when the heck does all of this ion stuff

end oh my goodness deconta

yes it lasts forever there's lots to do

with ions

i mean we've got just the ions

themselves then we've got

the transition metal with ions and then

we've got polyatomic ions

ah so by the end of this video you

should be able to utilize again the

steps for naming compounds containing

polyatomic ions

either from the name to the formula or

the formula to the name

and summarize all of the naming steps

for ionic naming

in general

[Music]

as a side note here have you got any

sodium hypobromite

no bro if you haven't already these are

the

very common polyatomic ions you should

have written down

somewhere or print them out for all i

care

get them down somewhere so that you can

reference them and use them

every time you're naming and dealing

with polyatomic ions in general

it's just a good idea so if you're going

to be naming things with polyatomic ions

in them in general the first step is

that you're gonna name with the same

rules

as we have before as usual

you're gonna have a metal and a

non-metal because it's an ionic bond

and the non-metal is likely the

polyatomic ion in this case

so we're going to have a cation plus the

polyatomic

ions name and where did we get those

names from

well gee i gave them to you here because

you need to write them down

these are the names you're going to use

for the polyatomic ions

so no seriously like pause the video

here and write these down

then step two would be to find the

polyatomic ion from that

nifty little list you wrote down and

insert the name

after the cation's name the exception

and the only exception you have to worry

about with this

is ammonium because ammonium would be

coming first as the polyatomic

cation and then you'd have to end it

with an anion

ending in ide you want to get in the

habit of putting parentheses

around your polyatomic ion to show where

the cookie starts and where the cookie

stops

so you have a good idea when you drop

and swap that you're not dropping and

swapping to

inside your cookie you want it on the

outside so you know how many cookies to

actually have

if you don't understand the cookie

reference please check out my polyatomic

ion video

linked in the description below so here

we're given

a molecular formula with a polyatomic in

it

and we want to name it first and

foremost how do i know that there's

polyatomic ions even

present when i look at these well let's

break it down

we know that l i stands for lithium we

know that

n stands for nitrogen and we know that o

stands for oxygen

thus far we've always seen a non-metal

and a non-metal

a metal and a non-metal so one to one

there's one and one in this case there

are

one two three different kinds of atoms

if there are that many different kinds

of atoms present you

know that there has to be a polyatomic

and again other than ammonium being the

exception the polyatomic is usually

going to be the second one the anion

so i would lump together the n and the

o3

as our polyatomic ion in this case we're

just going to say

oh li stands for lithium so i would

write out lithium

and no3 is a polyatomic ion where i can

just find the name in the chart that i

wrote down

no3 is right here it stands for nitrate

so i would just write

nitrate and my final answer is lithium

nitrate

next is cacn2 notice again

here we have a calcium we have a carbon

and we have a nitrogen that's three

different types of atoms all together

that's a dead giveaway red flag that we

have a polyatomic ion present

and in this case the parentheses are

already there so we know what the cookie

is

we have ca for calcium so i'm just going

to write my

cation first calcium

so we've got calcium and then what does

cn stand for

looking over at our chart cn stands for

cyanide

so we're going to write cyanide calcium

cyanide is our final answer

not too hard right and then finally we

have na

that's one atom type h hydrogen

c carbon and o oxygen we have

four atom types in this one molecule

definitely a polyatomic ion na stands

for sodium so i'm going to write sodium

and then this whole thing is a

polyatomic ion

let's look for hco3 in our list that

stands for

bicarbonate so we're going to write

sodium

bicarbonate which is more commonly known

as baking soda

all right now here is the ultimate

ultimate level up and final test

for ionic naming now we can have ionic

compounds that contain

both polyatomic ions and transition

metals

can you do it i believe in you yes you

can we'll do this together

step one we're gonna start naming with

the same rules as we always have before

we're gonna have if there's a transition

metal there we're going to have

our cation first a roman numeral in

parentheses to indicate the charge

of the transition metal and the anion

would end

in ide step two would be to find the

polyatomic ion from the list that you

wrote down

and write its name out after the cation

and again

as a reminder if there's more than one

of them

you need to keep the polyatomic ion all

together in parentheses

so that you can indicate where the

cookie starts and where the cookie stops

so here's step one step uno

for your polyatomic ion and transition

metal naming scheme

identify whether there's even a

polyatomic ion to begin with

and the clue is there's many atoms

together there's more than just

two atom types present and you also have

to recognize

is there a transition metal present so

my example for you

is pb c2h3o2 okay there's a lot

of atoms present there there's many

atoms so right away we know

czech that is definitely a polyatomic

ion that's present

now we need to look at our cation pb not

peanut butter jelly

but left lead is one of our transition

metals

so check we have the scenario where

there's a transition metal

and a polyatomic ion present so now we

have to mash together the steps that we

use for transition metal naming

with our polyatomic ion naming the

easiest way to do this is to separate

the two species from each other so the

two different atom types

our metal and our polyatomic ion

separate away from each other to

determine the charge on each

this gobbledygook of a polyatomic ion

right here is called

acetate and we have two of those so if

you look at this

we have two whole cookies of acetate

present

for every one atom of lead present

that's why i drew one two cookies of

acetate present

and each acetate looking back at my

polyatomic ions list

possesses a charge of negative one per

cookie

so overall i have together

a charge of negative two between both

acetate cookies

that means that lead itself must have

a plus two charge because plus two minus

two gives me an

overall zero neutral molecule

now that we've determined the charge

that should be on the cation

our lead so we know that it has to be

plus two charge

now we can name it with the numerals now

we would write out the word

lead for pb roman numerals 2

for the charge for the plus 2 charge and

acetate

from our polyatomic ions list now whoa

buddy you're really going to want to

pause the video here and

try these before i show them to you

it's very important that you actually do

try these and

pass them through your own neural

pathways to make sure you're

understanding the words that are coming

out of my mouth

so go ahead and pause now please two

hours later

all right for our first example of try

it

questions we have copper ii hydroxide

you should first note that copper is a

transition metal because it has the

roman numerals present so i know it's

got to be a transition metal

and hydr oxide that sounds like more

than one atom

and that means it's got to be a

polyatomic so that means we're going to

use these new steps we just learned

we're going to have copper which is cu

and we know it has a plus 2 charge

thanks to that roman numeral

so plus two hydroxide from our

polyatomic ions list

is oh and that whole cookie has

a minus one charge hopefully you're

seeing that two minus one gives me one

and not zero the whole goal is to be

neutral is to be

zero so we need to do our drop and swap

method here to make sure

that we do have a balance in charges

that equals zero

we're going to take this two put it on

the outside of the parentheses down

below

and this one put it down here at the

base of the copper

so what we end up with is c u 1

o h 2. now

why did i put the o h in parentheses if

i

didn't it would look like this now that

would be an entirely different molecule

for example for cu parentheses oh2

means that we have two o h groups

whereas the one below it this one

c-u-o-h subscript two means that we have

one cu one o and two h's

those two molecules look insanely

different

the first one would end up having two oh

groups

around it whereas this one here would be

missing in oxygen altogether

so do make sure that you are very

diligent with your parentheses

and containing the entire amount of

atoms

in your polyatomic ions next we have

cobalt

5-sulfate cobalt is co and it has a

charge of plus

5 thanks to that roman numeral telling

us so

then we have sulfate means it ate a

little bit too much

that's going to be so4 minus 2 charge

i'm going to put that in parentheses so4

minus 2 charge for sulfate now all we

got to do is our drop and swap

and we're going to take this 5 and put

it on the outside of the parentheses and

take this 2

and put it at the bottom of the cobalt

our final answer looks like this

co2 parentheses so4 to contain our

entire polyatomic ion cookie together

with a subscript of five there are five

sulfate cookies for every two cobalts

manganese two carbonate we have mn

and the roman numeral tells us that it's

a charge of plus

two so plus two for our manganese and

carbonate

co3 the whole cookie is minus two

charged

in this case we have it pretty easy

because two minus two just gives us

zero so we just have to put those two

together mnco3

and we're all done next up is tin for

acetate

tin is sn so we're going to write sn

thanks to that roman numeral telling us

so we have

plus four charge up there and acetate

i endearingly refer to as chiku is

ch3coo

minus one we're gonna drop and swap take

this four

put it on the outside of acetate our

chikku

and one at the bottom of our sn for ten

what we end up with is sn parentheses

chiku for acetate with a subscript

of four and finally we have lead

for dichromate lead is pb

it's peanut butter jelly time also has a

plus four

plus four and dichromate is a polyatomic

ion

which is cr207

minus two charge overall we're gonna

drop and swap those

numerical values for the charges we got

the four drop it down there

the two drop it down there and what we

end up with

is pb 2

cr207 as our polyatomic ion cookie all

together

subscript 4. now just as before we could

reduce that down

and we could say oh that's actually pb

cr207

2. now i've mentioned ammonium being an

exception a few

times but here it is officially the one

and only polyatomic cation

is known as ammonium nh4 plus one

and to name it we're always going to

have ammonium as our first cation

and then the anion is going to end in

i'd as usual

unless of course ammonium happens to be

paired with another polyatomic ion

then you would just use the anions

polyatomic name

and you wouldn't have to end that in ide

so for example if i was going to pair

ammonium and nitrate together

both of which are polyatomic ions i

wouldn't convert

nitrate to nitride i would say

nitrate still so there you have it both

examples for ammonium

with a normal anion like sulfur it would

be ammonium sulfide

but again if it was with another

polyatomic you would just keep the

polyatomic's whole name

not changing anything ammonium nitrate

as an example

here's our last it for this lesson go

ahead and

pause the video here and give it a shot

two hours later

we've got zinc phosphate now zinc is one

of those

transition metal exceptions in that it's

not going to need a roman numeral

because it always forms the same charge

if you remember from a previous video

zinc always forms a plus two charge you

can remember that

because the z kind of looks like a two

in zinc so we're going to write

z n plus two

and phosphate is one of our polyatomic

ions it ends in eight

eight eight and it's right up there po4

minus three i'm going to put that all in

parentheses po4

minus three i gotta do my drop and swap

now

i'll take this two put it down on the

bottom take this three put it down here

and my final answer ends up looking like

this

zinc three po4

2. now remember i keep those parentheses

around my po4

otherwise it would look like i have 42

oxygens that's not possible

in this one molecule for potassium

chromate first we're going to write our

potassium

k and it has a plus 1 charge from our

periodic table

and chromate is our polyatomic ion that

we're just going to pull from our list

that's cr04

minus 2. now after we drop and swap we

take the 2

put it down below the 1 and put it on

the outside there

we end up with a final answer that looks

like this k

2 c r 04

1 and now i don't need to show that one

again it's implied that there's one

whole cookie of chromate present

next up is ammonium hydroxide ammonium

is our exception for polyatomic ions

and there happens to be another

polyatomic with it hydroxide

so this is one of those ones where

there's two polyatomic ions making one

molecule and if you notice right off the

bat we have a plus one charge here

a minus one charge there meaning that

one minus one gives us zero

so we don't even have to drop and swap

we can just write n

h 4 o h

and we're done calcium nitrate calcium

is ca

plus 2 and nitrate ends in eight so it's

a polyatomic ion

right there our no3 minus one

we're going to put it all in parentheses

and o3 minus one

now all we got to do is drop and swap

we're gonna take that two

put it at the base take the 1 put it at

the base of calcium

and our final answer looks like this ca

and 03 subscript 2 on the outside of the

parentheses

now again if i forgot these parentheses

that sure looks like 32

oxygens not two nitrate cookies

be diligent with your parentheses and

for our last practice we had to throw in

one where i give you

the molecule and we have figure out the

name

here we notice that there is one two

three types of atoms present so we know

there has to be a polyatomic ion here

the cation is n a sodium so let's just

write out the name sodium

and everything that's left over clo4 we

should find in our polyatomic ion list

hey how convenient clo4 is right there

perchlorate so all we have to do is

write per

chlorate the final answer is sodium

perchlorate

so overall here's the summary for naming

ions

in general we have three naming cases

when it comes to ions

the first is just a normal metal with a

non-metal that's the premise of

all ionic bonding a metal with a

non-metal

and we're always going to take the

cation's name plus the anion's name

ended in ide the second case that we can

have with naming ions

is that we have a transition metal with

a non-metal

in that case we're going to take the

cation transition metal

indicate its charge with a roman numeral

in parentheses

and then have the anion always ending in

ide

and thirdly we have the option of having

a normal

or transition metal with a polyatomic

ion for that you'll have to take

this option plus using the polyatomic

ion chart to find the name of the

polyatomic ion you're looking for

remember that a polyatomic ion is

inherently composed of non-metal atoms

themselves and the transition metal will

always have the roman numerals to

represent

its charge i hope this keeps all your

charges straight when it comes to ions

and ionic bonding

and if you're feeling a little down

today make sure you get rid of some of

those extra electrons and become a

cation give me a quacks up

and subscribe for more educational

content and see you later

no ducks no glory