Computer and System Software | Types of Computer and System Software
Summary
TLDR本课程向学生介绍了计算机软件的基础知识,包括应用软件与系统软件的区别、软件的分类以及软件的工作原理。详细讲解了文字处理、电子表格、数据库、图形多媒体、通信和个人助理软件的功能和应用。此外,还介绍了软件的安装与卸载过程,帮助用户更好地理解和使用计算机软件。
Takeaways
- 📚 计算机软件是数据和指令的集合,用于执行特定任务。
- 🖥️ 软件分为两大类:应用软件和系统软件。
- 🔧 系统软件控制计算机及其设备的操作,提供硬件与应用软件之间的接口。
- 🔄 应用软件是执行用户特定任务的程序集合,允许用户操作文本、数字、图形等元素。
- ✍️ 文字处理软件用于创建、编辑、存储和打印文档,具有文本编辑、自动换行、查找替换等功能。
- 📊 电子表格软件用于组织和分析信息,提供数据计算、公式、图表等功能。
- 🗂️ 数据库软件允许用户开发、访问和管理数据库,包括数据的添加、更新、删除和搜索。
- 🎨 图形软件允许用户创建、编辑、显示和打印图像,包括绘图、照片编辑和多媒体制作。
- 💬 通信软件用于促进不同计算机或移动设备之间的通信。
- 📅 个人助理软件帮助用户管理个人信息,如日历、待办事项列表、地址簿和个人财务。
- 🔄 软件的安装是通过安装程序准备程序以供执行和使用的过程。
- 🗑️ 卸载软件需要通过程序自带的卸载链接或通过控制面板的“添加或删除程序”选项来完成。
Q & A
计算机软件是什么?
-计算机软件是一系列数据和指令的集合,用于指导计算机执行特定任务。它也指为计算机工作而设计的程序、过程和相关文档的集合。
应用软件和系统软件有什么区别?
-应用软件是一组用于执行用户特定任务的计算机程序,允许用户处理文本、数字、图形等元素。系统软件则是控制计算机及其设备运作的程序集合,为应用软件提供运行平台。
操作系统在系统软件中扮演什么角色?
-操作系统是一组协调计算机系统内部运作的程序,为用户提供与计算机通信的界面,并管理所有计算机组件和操作,隔离硬件与用户。
设备驱动程序是什么?
-设备驱动程序是一种系统程序,用于开启和管理连接到计算机的设备,如显示器和键盘。没有驱动程序,设备无法正常工作。
文字处理软件的主要功能有哪些?
-文字处理软件具有文本编辑、自动换行、状态栏、查找和替换、页眉页脚、页码、拼写检查、插入表格、保存和打印等功能。
电子表格软件的标准特性包括哪些?
-电子表格软件的标准特性包括行列、单元格、公式、函数、图形和图表等,允许用户组织、分析和计算数据。
数据库软件的主要作用是什么?
-数据库软件是一套应用程序,允许用户开发、访问和管理数据库。它使用户能够添加、更新、删除和搜索数据。
图形软件的类别基础特征有哪些?
-图形软件的类别基础特征包括素描设计、绘画、照片编辑、多媒体制作和网页制作等。
通讯软件的功能包括哪些?
-通讯软件的功能包括数据上传下载、用户会话维护以及支持文件传输,如通过Web浏览器、FTP和短信服务等。
个人助理软件通常包含哪些功能?
-个人助理软件通常包括日历、待办事项列表、地址簿、个人财务、税务准备和法律案例准备等功能。
软件的安装和卸载过程通常包括哪些步骤?
-软件的安装过程包括运行安装程序、同意许可协议、选择程序位置、复制程序文件、创建桌面或开始菜单快捷方式等。卸载过程通常通过控制面板的添加/删除程序选项来完成,卸载程序会删除程序文件和系统注册表中的相关条目。
Outlines
📚 计算机软件基础知识
本段落介绍了计算机软件的定义、分类和功能。计算机软件是一组数据和指令的集合,用于执行特定任务。软件分为系统软件和应用软件两大类。系统软件控制计算机及其设备的操作,提供硬件与应用软件之间的接口,是计算机系统的基础。应用软件则用于执行用户特定的任务,如文字处理、电子表格、数据库管理等。此外,还讨论了软件的工作原理、卸载方法以及操作系统、实用程序和设备驱动程序等系统软件的类型。
📝 文字处理与电子表格软件
这一部分详细介绍了文字处理软件和电子表格软件的功能和发展历程。文字处理软件用于创建、编辑、存储和打印文档,自1970年代和1980年代以来变得流行。标准功能包括文本编辑、自动换行、状态栏、搜索替换、页眉页脚、页码和拼写检查等。电子表格软件则用于组织和分析信息,提供数据计算和图形化展示的功能。介绍了电子表格的基本组成,如行、列、单元格、公式和函数等。还列举了一些知名的文字处理和电子表格软件,如Microsoft Word、WordPerfect、Apple Works、Microsoft Excel、Lotus 1-2-3等。
🗂 数据库与图形软件
本段讲述了数据库软件和图形软件的功能和应用。数据库管理系统集成了数据存储、检索、编辑和更新的功能,关系数据库系统是最常见的类型。数据库由表格组成,表格包含记录和字段。图形软件则允许用户创建、编辑、显示和打印图像,具备素描设计、绘画、照片编辑和多媒体制作等功能。介绍了图形软件的不同特性,如草图设计、绘画、照片编辑和多媒体创作等。还提到了一些流行的图形软件,例如Adobe Photoshop、CorelDRAW和Macromedia FreeHand。
🖥️ 通信与个人助理软件
这一部分探讨了通信软件和个人助理软件的用途和特点。通信软件用于在不同设备之间发送和接收数据,如计算机、手机等。个人助理软件帮助用户管理个人信息,如日历、待办事项列表、地址簿、个人财务和税务准备等。通信软件的功能包括数据上传下载、用户会话维护和文件传输。个人助理软件则提供了日历、待办事项、地址簿、个人财务和法律文件准备等功能。介绍了一些常用的通信和个人助理软件,如Web浏览器、FTP、短信服务等。
🔄 软件的安装与卸载
最后一段讨论了计算机软件的安装和卸载过程。安装是使程序准备好执行和使用的方法,而卸载则是从PC上移除程序的过程。介绍了安装软件时的常见步骤,包括选择合适的软件版本、确保系统满足要求、执行安装程序、创建快捷方式和更新Windows注册表等。卸载软件通常通过程序自带的卸载程序或操作系统的控制面板来完成。详细解释了安装和卸载过程中的具体操作和注意事项。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡计算机软件
💡应用软件
💡系统软件
💡操作系统
💡设备驱动程序
💡文字处理软件
💡电子表格软件
💡数据库软件
💡图形软件
💡通信软件
💡个人助理软件
💡软件安装
💡软件卸载
Highlights
计算机软件是数据和指令的集合,用于执行特定任务。
软件是计算机逻辑部分,用户无法触摸但使用它来操作计算机。
计算机软件控制硬件的操作或其他软件类型。
系统软件是控制计算机及其设备操作的程序集合。
操作系统是协调计算机系统内部工作的程序集合。
应用软件是执行用户特定任务的计算机程序集合。
文字处理软件用于创建、编辑、存储和打印文档。
电子表格是用于组织和分析信息的数据操作工具。
数据库软件允许用户检索、编辑和更新数据。
图形软件允许用户创建、编辑、显示和打印图像。
通信软件用于促进计算机、手机等之间的通信。
个人助理软件帮助用户存储和检索个人信息。
软件安装是使程序准备好执行和使用的方法。
卸载程序需要使用卸载程序从PC中移除。
操作系统提供与计算机沟通的界面并管理所有组件和操作。
设备驱动程序是用于开启和管理计算机附件设备(如显示器和键盘)的系统程序。
数据库管理系统(DBMS)允许用户开发、访问和管理数据库。
多媒体创作允许用户合并文本、音频、视频和图形动画。
Transcripts
as-salaam-alaikum dear students today we
will learn about computer software this
is an important lesson of your course
book computer software after completion
of this unit you will be able to
understand the basics of computer
software distinguish between application
software and system software have
knowledge about categories of
application software learn how softwares
work learn how to uninstall software
computer software software is a
collection of data and instructions
given to the computers to perform
specific tasks
it also refers to a set of programs
procedures and associated documents
designed for the working of computers
the software is the logical part of the
computer that the user cannot touch but
use to make the computer operate
computer software controls the operation
of hardware or some other software types
of computer software there are two main
categories of computer software system
software system software is a collection
of computer programs that control the
operation of computer and its devices it
provides an interface between computer
hardware and application software it is
the backbone of a computer system which
provides a platform for its operation
system software helps computer users to
make use of application software and
perform the programmed activities system
software monitors the use of various
hardware components types of system
software there are different kinds of
system software's number one operating
system
an operating system is a collection of
programs that coordinates the internal
working of a computer system it provides
us an interface to communicate with the
computer it also manages all computer
components and operations and isolates
the hardware from the user a computer
cannot perform any job without an
operating system utility programs a
utility program allows a user to perform
an explicit task it is normally used to
resolve system maintenance activities
and provides assistance in these
activities there are different types of
utilities available for example
formatting of hard disk system backup
antivirus and file compressor number 2
device drivers a device driver is a
system program that is used to turn on
and manage a device such as monitors and
keyboards attached to the computer
device drivers are built-in programs
provided by manufacturers of devices the
devices cannot work properly without the
drivers utility programs a driver
typically communicates with a device to
control its operations all devices must
have device driver to work application
software application software is a set
of computer programs used to perform
user specific jobs they allow the users
to develop programs for the personal or
organizational use an application
program facilitates the user to
manipulate text numbers graphics or a
combination of these elements therefore
there are varieties of application
program available in market for
different users categories of
application software there are thousands
of application software available
in the market it is not possible to
categorize all application software's
however some commonly known application
software includes the following word
processing software spreadsheet software
database software graphics and
multimedia software personal assistant
software communication software word
processing software word processor is an
application program used for creating
editing storing and printing personal
and official documents word processor
became popular in the 1970s and 1980s
typewriter was merged with a dedicated
processor like a computer processor for
the editing of text since then different
companies are developing word processor
with new and enhanced features number
one standard features of a word
processor word processors have several
text manipulating features the standard
features include text editing text
editing includes entering the text
cutting copying and pasting the text
making insertions and deletions etc word
wrap the cursor automatically moves to
the next line when the line is completed
within the text status line status line
provides all the information about the
current document search and replace
search and replace allows the user to
search for a particular word or
expression and replace it with some
other word or expression headers footers
and page numbers it allows users to
insert tailored headers and footers that
the word processor will put at the top
and bottom of every page
similarly page numbers can also be
inserted at top or bottom of the pages
spell checker
spellchecker allows the user to check
the spelling of words it spotlights any
word that it does not find in its
dictionary table word processor allows
inserting tables comprising of rows and
columns save and print once a document
has been created edited and formatted it
can be saved and printed some well-known
word processor includes the following
Microsoft Word WordPerfect Apple Word in
page used for ado typing spreadsheet
spreadsheet is a data manipulation tool
used for organization and analysis of
information in tabular form it is a kind
of computerized ledger that accepts data
values in rows and columns
and allows the user to perform
calculations it is an application
program that replicates a physical
spreadsheet by entering displaying and
calculating data available in rows and
columns
number one standard features of
spreadsheet rows and columns a
spreadsheet is a table consisting of
columns and rows as shown in the
following figure the rows are labeled by
numbers and the columns by letters are
shown in the figure 5.5 cell the
intersection of a row and a column is
called a cell a cell is uniquely
identified by its column and row
designators for example a to be 10 J 13
etc the data is entered into cells for
further manipulation in the figure 5.6
the cell a1 is highlighted formula
formula is a relationship between values
and cells it is used to apply
mathematical equation amongst data items
of a cell
for example d2 is equals to b1 plus c1
would calculate and display the sum of
cells b1 and c1 into cell d1 functions
functions are built-in formulas for
certain problems that have already been
created and stored in the program they
are used as shortcuts when applying
mathematical equations and give ease and
flexibility to the users to handle
complex calculations some examples are
count sum Max and min graphs and charts
data and information in spreadsheets can
be analyzed in a graphic form
spreadsheets allow the users to display
numerical data as a graph or chart some
well-known spreadsheet includes the
following Microsoft Excel Lotus 1-2-3
quater pro database software database is
a collection of related data that allows
the users to retrieve edit and update
the data database management system DBMS
is an application software that allows
users to develop access and administer a
database data in a database can be added
updated deleted and searched using a
DBMS a DBMS is like a traditional filing
system which stores individual groups
and pieces of information relational
database systems are the most common
DBMS a relational DBMS has the following
basic components tables a database is
comprised of one or more tables or
relations which is a group of related
data items and contains the records for
an entity tables are made up of records
and records are made up of rows
columns holding the actual data items
for example a student table might hold
the information in the form of database
table forms form is a graphical user
interface used to communicate with the
database they are used to enter data in
the database a form consists of text
boxes password fields checkboxes and
other input objects these objects
facilitate the user to communicate with
the database easily the user can also
access update and delete data by using
forms some important advantages of forms
are as follows forms are easy to operate
they provide attractive interface for
users the user can use forms without
technical knowledge queries query is
used to search the data items available
in the database tables it uses standard
language like structured query language
SQL to manipulate the data items in the
tables report report is meaningful
information that is extracted from the
database it is generated on the basis of
one or more SQL queries reports are the
output of database applications they are
used to locate and arrange data in a
formatted way the information retrieved
through reports is arranged in different
ways a report can present the data in
form of tables records or graphs etc
advantages number 1 reports provide
efficient results from database number 2
it helps in making important decisions
number 3 it can be printed and mailed
easily some well-known database
applications include the following
Microsoft Access Oracle SQL Server
graphics
software graphics packages our
application programs that allow users to
create edit display and print graphic
images they enable a user to manipulate
visual images on a computer category
based features of graphics software
number one sketch design the sketch
design feature allows users to create
design objects of different shapes and
sizes
these include lines circles rectangles
etc users need not worry about the exact
shape of objects as the package adjusts
the dimensions of the shape according to
the base of a design special features
allow the users to rotate flip move and
resize the objects dimensions number 2
paint feature the paint feature is used
to paint designs of different varieties
on the display screens IT is used to
create colorful graphics on the screen
without using original paints most paint
features provide the tools in the form
of icons by selecting an icon the user
can perform functions associated with
the tool number 3 photo editing the
photo editing feature is used to edit
and customize digital photos it allows
users to save images in a wide variety
of file formats
besides this users can retouch images
crop images change image shape rearrange
objects in photos and apply filters to
the images number 4 multimedia authoring
multimedia authoring permits users to
merge text audio video and graphics
animations in an application the user
can bring interactivity by controlling
the placement of text and Eurasian of
audio and video clips animations can
also be inserted at the required places
of application elearning applications
can also be developed by you
during multimedia authoring tools and
can be burnt on CDs or DVDs for students
number five webpage authoring web page
authoring allows users to create web
pages that include images audio video
graphics animations and other special
effects they are used to make the web
pages more attractive and interactive
some commonly used graphic packages
include the following number one adopt
Photoshop number two choral draw number
three macromedia freehand communication
packages communication packages our
application programs that are used to
facilitate communication between two
nodes computers mobiles etc they allow
the users to send and receive data over
communication systems the data transfer
may be between two nodes or between
networks of nodes the features of a
communication package include the
following number one data upload Baptist
sending the data from the user node to
another node number two data download
that is receiving the data on the user
node number three user session
maintenance that is recognizing
individual user during live
communication number for support of file
transfer that is sending and receiving
files over the network application
packages for communication include the
following number one web browser
number two FTP or File Transfer Protocol
number three SMS short messaging
services personal assistance packages
personal assistance packages allow users
to store and retrieve the personal
information they are also used to plan
and manage contacts meetings finances
other important information category
based off personal assistance packages
includes the following calendar calendar
enables users to record appointments and
meetings it alerts the users for the
upcoming events and also informs them in
case of any conflicts when a new event
is scheduled it also allows users to
browse the previous events with brief
descriptions to-do lists to-do lists
arranges the tasks to be performed by
the user a user can plan and prioritize
the tasks with intimation targets and
deadlines address book address book
maintains the names addresses telephone
numbers and other related information
about friends relatives and officials
users can also search the particulars of
known persons when required personal
finance personal finance helps users to
balance their checkbook maintain bills
records and track personal income
expenses and set up the budget tax
preparation tax preparations guide
individuals families or small businesses
to prepare the taxes legal case
preparations assists in preparation of
legal documents and provides legal
information to the concerned users how
software works installation and
uninstallation installation of a
computer program is the method of making
a program ready for execution and use
the process varies for each program
computer and operating system there is a
program called installer which comes
with every software the installer is
responsible for doing whatever is needed
for the installation when software is
installed on a personal computer a
series of functions is performed before
and behind the screen
common measures performed during
software installations include number
one study the features of different
software visions and select the
appropriate one as per your requirement
number two make sure that system
requirements are available number three
if software is already installed it can
be upgraded according to the latest
version number four install only the
licensed copy of the software installing
a new software program if you are
installing software downloaded from the
internet you simply download the
Installer and it starts working
if software is burnt on a cd-rom
Installer will run automatically when
the CD is inserted into the cd-rom the
exact procedure may vary from one
program to the other
however the setup.exe is a file which is
provided with the installation package
of most of the application software's
when the user double clicks the setup
dot exe the Installer first unzips the
files to a location in a temporary
directory next a License Agreement comes
up here when the user agrees they move
forward
next the Installer prompts the user for
location of the program the default
location is Program Files now the
Installer can copy the relevant Program
Files to the target location in the
destination directory provided by the
user an application is generally made up
of many individual files most of the
files are stored in the applications
destination directory the installer
continues the installation in the
destination file till the completion of
process the Windows registry is a
hierarchal database that stores settings
and preferences of software and hardware
many installers provides shortcut at the
desktop or Start menu
invoke the installed program after
completing the installation it deletes
all the files which were created
temporarily finally a message is
displayed that the program has been
installed and the new software is ready
to use uninstalling a program if a user
wants to remove a program it needs to be
uninstalled from the PC some programs
provide an uninstall link or icon in the
application directory however in Windows
XP the user can uninstall a program by
using add or remove option available in
the control panel the user clicks on the
control panel and selects add/remove
programs a panel appears comprising of
installed programs the user selects the
required program and clicks the remove
button the uninstaller eliminates the
program files along with the folder that
it created and also removes relevant
entries in the system registry
you
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