i2B W6 B
Summary
TLDR市場の動的なシステムは、人々に基本的な調整問題を解決するインセンティブを創造するという重要な利点があります。特に、互いに利益をもたらす可能性があるが、お互いに見つけることができない、またはお互いに知らないバイヤーとセラーをどうやって結びつけるかという問題です。これまでは新聞の広告欄などアナログな方法が用いられていましたが、デジタル化によって迅速性と地理的範囲を超えた配達が可能となり、タグ付けや分類など効果的な検索が可能になりました。また、プラットフォームでのユーザーレビューなどにより情報の問題を解決する仕組みも進化しています。ホテル予約サイト、rideshareアプリ、オンラインオプションなど、多様な支援サービスが存在し、特にユーザーレビューはプラットフォームの魅力を高める重要な要素となっています。しかし、誰が支払うのか、誰が支払うのかという問題も重要な視点です。仲介者は報酬を得る必要があり、その方法にも多様性があります。教育サービスや不動産など、仲介者が提供するサービスは顧客にとって非常に重要ですが、彼らがどちらの側に立つかという原則的な問題にも注意が必要です。
Takeaways
- 💡 市場の動的システムは、基本的な協調問題を解決するためのインセンティブを創出することに優れている。
- 🔍 デジタル化により、購入者と販売者を効果的にマッチングすることができるようになり、地域を超えた範囲で情報を広める。
- 📱 デジタルプラットフォームは、タグ付けや分類、カテゴリーなどを使って検索を容易にし、情報の不一致を解消する。
- 🗳️ プラットフォームでのユーザーレビューは、情報の不一致を克服し、信頼性とプラットフォームの魅力を高める。
- 🏨 ホスピタリティサービス、ホテル予約サイト、乗車共有アプリなど、アナログの分類広告をデジタル化したサービスが存在する。
- 👨👩👧👦 特定のユーザーグループ(家族、シングル旅行者など)によるレビューを通じて、より細かいニーズに応えることができる。
- 🛍️ 将来的には、個人の好みや嗜好に基づいて商品やサービスを検索できる可能性がある。
- 👀 オンラインでの評価システムは、人々がデートサイトを通じて出会い、振る舞いについても問題を解決する可能性がある。
- 💰 誰が支払いを行うか、そしてその結果としてどのようなインセンティブが生まれるかを常に考慮する必要がある。
- 🏢 不動産エージェントや旅行エージェントなどの仲介者サービスは、中立性を維持しつつ報酬を得る必要がある。
- 🤔 顧客は、仲介者がどちらの側に立つかを常に念頭に置いて、自分の利益を守る必要がある。
Q & A
動的な市場システムの主な利点は何ですか?
-動的な市場システムは、基本的な調整問題を解決するためのインセンティブを創造することに非常に優れています。つまり、お互いに利益を得られるが見つけることができない、またはお互いに知らない買収者と売り手を結びつけることです。
アナログな方法で買収者と売り手をマッチングする方法には何がありますか?
-アナログな方法では、新聞の分類広告欄に物品を出品する人々がクラシファイド広告を出して、ボート、車、自転車などを販売したり、ペットの新しい飼い主を探すために広告を出すことがあります。
デジタルに移行することで得られる利点は何ですか?
-デジタルに移行することで、スピード、より広範な配布範囲、効果的な検索が可能になります。タグ付け、分類、カテゴリーなどがあります。さらに、プラットフォームがユーザーレビューを可能にし、情報の問題を解決するのに役立ちます。
オンラインでの予約サイトや乗り継ぎアプリなどのサービスはどのように役立つのですか?
-これらのサービスは、ホテルの予約サイトや乗り継ぎアプリなど、アナログな分類広告の自然な拡張として機能し、情報を提供し、ユーザーが選択肢を比較しやすくします。
ユーザーレビューはどのようにしてプラットフォームの信頼性に寄与するのですか?
-ユーザーレビューは、プラットフォームの信頼性に寄与し、顧客がホテルやサービスを比較し選択する際に重要な情報を提供します。また、特定のユーザーグループ(家族旅行者、シングル旅行者など)によるレビューも利用可能です。
デジタル技術が進化することで、どのような新しい検索機能が期待されますか?
-デジタル技術の進化により、自分の好みや嗜好に合わせたプロファイルを作成し、それをもとにホテルや自転車、休日の目的地、家具などを検索できるようになるでしょう。
誰が支払いを行うべきであり、どのようなインセンティブが存在するのでしょうか?
-支払いは、通常、プラットフォームの提供者や仲介業者によって行われます。彼らは中立的な役割を果たすと同時に、プラットフォームの評判に依存しており、そのために報酬を受け取ります。
仲介業者が提供するサービスに加入する場合、どのような種類の支払いモデルがありますか?
-仲介業者が提供するサービスには、両当事者が支払いするモデルや、一方が支払いするモデルがあります。例えば、結婚を目的としたデートサービスでは、参加費用を支払って仲介業者がマッチングを試みます。
教育サービスにおける仲介業者の問題点とは何ですか?
-教育サービスでは、仲介業者が提供する大学の推薦が、学生と大学の最適な一致に基づくものではなく、代わりに仲介業者が受け取るコミッションのサイズに基づく場合があります。
不動産サービスにおける仲介業者の問題点とは何ですか?
-不動産サービスでは、標準的なコミッション契約により、不動産エージェントが販売する物件に関係なく同じ割合の報酬を受け取ることがありますが、これによりエージェントが売り手の利益を優先する傾向がある可能性があります。
購入者が不動産エージェントと取引する際にはどのような注意点がありますか?
-購入者が不動産エージェントと取引する際には、エージェントが売り手から報酬を受け取ることを念頭に置いて、自分の利益を守るために注意深く交渉し、選択肢を検討する必要があります。
Outlines
😀 市場の動的な機能とインセンティブ
第1段落では、動的な市場システムが人々に基本的な調整問題を解決するインセンティブを創出するという利点を強調しています。特に、市場での情報問題を解決するために、買収者と販売者を効果的にマッチングさせるビジネスの多様性が紹介されています。これまでは新聞の広告欄を通じてアナログ方式で行われていたが、デジタル化により迅速性や地理的範囲の拡大、効果的な検索が可能となりました。また、プラットフォームでのユーザーレビューなどにより、情報問題をさらに克服することができるとされています。
😀 オンラインプラットフォームの評価とブラックリスト
第2段落では、オンラインプラットフォームにおける評価システムとブラックリストの導入が議論されています。Uberのように顧客とドライバーの両方からの苦情が興味深いダイナミックを生み出し、誰が支払うか、誰が支払っているかというインセンティブの問題も触れられています。また、不動産エージェントや旅行エージェントなどの仲介者サービスがどのように支払われ、彼らが持つ中立性の問題についても説明されています。特に教育サービスにおけるエージェントの倫理問題や、不動産における標準契約とコミッションの問題についても触れられています。
😀 仲介者の役割と顧客の保護
第3段落では、不動産購入における買収者エージェントの役割と、仲介者と顧客の関係について詳述されています。買収者エージェントは市場価格を把握し、交渉能力を持っており、売り手と買収者の間で中立的な立場をとる必要があります。日本のように売手エージェントが買収者エージェントの役割も果たすことがある状況についても触れられています。最後に、顧客が仲介者を利用する際には、彼らが誰のために働くかを常に意識し、自分の利益を守る必要があると強調されています。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡ダイナミックマーケットシステム
💡情報問題
💡クラシファイド広告
💡ユーザーレビュー
💡タグ付けと分類
💡プラットフォームの中立性
💡教育エージェント
💡不動産エージェント
💡プラットフォームの信頼性
💡倫理的な問題
Highlights
Dynamic market systems are effective in creating incentives for solving basic coordination problems.
Historically, analog methods like newspapers were used for matching buyers and sellers.
Digital platforms offer advantages such as speed, wider reach, and effective search capabilities.
Digital approaches enable tagging, classifications, and categories to facilitate searches.
Platforms with user reviews help overcome informational problems and enhance trust.
Facilitation services like hotel booking sites and rideshare apps are extensions of analog classifieds.
User review functions are critical for platforms like Wikipedia and booking.com.
Booking.com allows sorting by user reviews, including subgroups like families or travelers.
The potential of digital facilitation services is vast and still in its early stages.
Future platforms may allow users to upload profiles of personal tastes and preferences.
Imagining a dating site where past dates can rate you, similar to hotel booking sites.
The importance of considering who gets paid and the incentives that exist in facilitation services.
Neutral facilitators like dating services where both parties pay for the service.
Hotel booking sites are paid by hotels but must maintain platform neutrality for customer trust.
Ethical issues and government regulation in facilitation services, such as education agents.
The principal-agent relationship in facilitation, where the facilitator is paid by one party.
Buyer's agents in real estate act in the interest of the buyer, unlike seller's agents.
The importance of being an effective negotiator and considering all options when using facilitation services.
Transcripts
a key advantage of dynamic market
systems is that they are very good in
creating incentives for people to solve
basic coordination problems how do we
bring buyers and sellers together who
can profitably interact but may not be
able to find each other who may not know
about each other so we see a wide array
of businesses who effectively set out to
solve these core informational problems
it can be something so simple as
matching the buyers and sellers
historically this has been quite analog
for example typically in newspapers had
buy and sell columns of advertising
people who wanted to list something for
sale could simply take out a classified
advertisement and advertise they boat
the car their bike or whatever sometimes
to give things away if you're looking
for a new owner for you for a pet
because you have to move overseas for
example all of all of these kinds of
things you just simply need to find
another party as complementary interests
and it can be so simple as an analogue
share of course when we move digitally
as advantages of speediness obviously
greater distributional reach we can
reach across geographical space but also
the other huge advantage of things being
digital is it allows very effective
search and so then we need a range of
things such as tagging and
classifications and categories and
whatnot and there's a lot of very smart
people in IT who've evolved a whole
range of solutions for this digital
approaches also allow us to do
interesting things like create platforms
that allow for user reviews which help
to further overcome many of these
informational problems there's a huge
array of facilitation services hotel
booking sites rideshare apps online
options and the most obvious they're a
natural extension of those analog
classified
and virtus once we've spoken about
earlier dating apps all of those things
that we are familiar with there's lots
of variation in the extent to which we
can take advantage of things like the
user review function if we look at sites
such as Wikipedia or booking.com we can
say this is absolutely critical to the
appeal as platforms that you can search
a town city place wherever you want to
stay and you can sort by price range you
can then sort by facilities by location
and you can sort by you user reviews
moreover you can also bore down into the
subgroup of users so for example in
booking com there's the capacity to
search by user reviews that are families
or single travel travelers gay and
lesbian travelers for example whatever
your particular subcategory is I think
we're only at the very beginning of the
potentiality of some of these digital
based facilitation services it won't be
long for example before you're able to
effectively upload or perhaps through
your social media profiles upload a
profile of what your own tastes and
preferences are and then to search for
for example hotels or bicycles holiday
destinations furniture or whatever based
on things that other people who like
what I like light so if you're able to
put up your favorite brands if you've
done for example a personal kind of
brand order of the things that you
connect with that reflect your tastes it
won't be long I suspect before you can
actually go and do a search say for
hotels based on other people who share
your taste in say scandi mid-century
minimalism and it will give you at the
top of your search the properties that
this reflect your personal preferences
so we can see enormous range of
potentiality when we just start to get a
little bit creative about these things
imagine a dating site where other people
who dated you could actually rate you
like booking comm where people people
can rate hotel booking sites that's a
bit of a scary prospect but maybe it
would also overcome some of the problems
of people behaving very very badly after
meeting other people through dating
sites if they knew that they could be
reviewed and maybe even black banned for
example as we see with uber where
complaints about both customers and
drivers create an interesting dynamic
so one thing we need to keep in mind
though is who gets paid and who is
paying and as a consequence what kind of
incentives exist there's a huge array of
facilitators we understand real estate
agents for example travel agents all of
these services are providing the
facilitating function they have to get
paid so how do they get paid
now if you join one of those dating
services that very proactively try to
match people for the serious intent of
getting married and you pay quite a lot
of money to join the dating Club or
whatever the typical pattern is that
both parties pay and so these are
neutral facilitators we can see a range
of businesses that are either getting
paid by both sides or even if they're
paid by one side nonetheless very much
see themselves as having a neutral role
because the reputation of their platform
depends on this for example the hotel
booking sites although they get paid by
the hotel critical to the attractiveness
of the the booking site is the fact that
the site itself is seen to be relatively
neutral in relation to the property or
at very least if
it's not directly neutral it provides
those reviews which even a neutral or an
independent collective and obviously
individual review level feedback based
on which the customers can make choices
about which hotels they want to book now
of course we do see booking sites that
will have recommendations that will push
some some hotels over others and
typically that's because they're getting
a larger margin for example but there
are a lot of ethical issues there and
that's why sometimes we see government
regulation one role of facilitation
where this is a big issue is actually in
education services where we have
education agents people are thinking who
was study thinking was studying abroad
in another country might go to an agent
and ask them to recommend to suggest
some universities abroad now one of the
ugly realities in higher education
business is that there is a lot of
competition between universities to pay
commissions to agents and some unethical
agents will sometimes recommend a
university or a college to a potential
student not based on the best fit
between the institution and the student
but based more on the size of the agent
Commission that the institution is
prepared to pay the agent so the agent
makes more money by representing
University who introducing university B
/ University a in financial services
this is also another big problem real
estate to some lesser degree because
generally in real estate in many
countries we have standard form
contracts standard commissions so the
amount that the real estate agent gets
paid is the same as a percentage of the
sale regardless of the particular house
they sell but there's a very important
point there I just said regardless of
the house that they sell this raises the
big set of issues about facilitation
from a customer point of view so is it a
neutral facilitation function or is the
platform getting paid the facilitator
getting paid by one side of the track to
the transaction who is clearly in a
principal agent relationship with that
one side of the transaction now that's
fine the person has to get paid but the
other side who's not paying for the
service has to always keep in mind who
is paying now to go back to the example
of the online hotel booking service
generally we have good reason to think
that for example booking calm or Expedia
for example a range of other similar
services such as hotels calm and whatnot
that their reputation for platform
neutrality low overcome any short-term
temptations of recommending some hotels
over others maybe through putting them
higher in search simply based on getting
paid a higher margin if on the other
hand you're buying a house although the
real estate agent has a whole range of
properties that they're representing and
they paid between the same regardless of
which one they sell to you at the end of
the day they're getting paid to sell you
a property and you're not paying the
agent so the agent is invariably going
to act in the interests of the vendor
this is why we see in some countries in
the case of real estate that people who
are looking to buy a property to buy a
house will engage a buyer's agent and
the buyer's agent typically is expert in
market conditions as a pharoah sense of
what the market price is and is very
experienced in negotiating so the
buyer's agent will negotiate with the
sellers agent and of course
each party will pay the the agents fees
mirroring who they act for we do see a
bit of a Nord situation in Japan where
there is normally a buyer's agent the
sellers agent arrangement a commission
rising for both but very often the
sellers agent actually nominally is
carrying out both functions and so you
typically get a bill for both of the the
Commission's but in fact the agent has
very much functioned on the side of the
seller so always keep in mind that
principal agent relationship typically
who is paying is the principal the
person who is receiving the payment will
be the agent of the principal and that's
alright if they are providing the
platform before the other side as well
to use as long as the other side keeps
in mind that effectively they're getting
this facilitation function for free but
the downside is that the the other party
is paying the facilitator therefore one
has to be very careful in guarding your
own interests in being an effective
negotiator in effectively considering
all of your options and that's really
what makes those kind of facilitation
sites and businesses so important and so
attractive to us anyway we can't do this
stuff by ourselves we do have to go to a
real estate agent for example to find a
place to rent or buy we just need to
keep in mind that if we are the buyer
and we walk into a real estate agent
want to buy an apartment for example
that they will be being paid by the
vendor so we will have to be very very
careful to protect their own interests
even moving in with this agent who seems
so lovely and maybe
give us a bunch of flowers on the day
that we move in
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