JEBAKAN PINJOL : Aturan, Bunga, Oknum dan rendahnya pengetahuan | PERADABAN

Summary

This video discusses the growing issue of online loans (pinjol) in Indonesia, highlighting the experiences of individuals who have been ensnared by these high-interest loans. It tells the story of Fajar Rizki, a small business owner, who opted for a bank loan instead of online loans due to more favorable terms. The video also explores the predatory nature of illegal online loans, their impact on borrowers, and the broader implications for society, including the challenges faced by those trapped in debt cycles and the legal actions taken by advocacy groups.

Takeaways

• 📉 The term 'pinjol' (online loans) has become a source of fear for many who have been caught in debt traps.
• 💼 Fajar Rizki, also known as Onge, is an entrepreneur in North Jakarta who faced challenges in his screen-printing business after dropping out of vocational school.
• 💬 Onge became more serious about his business after getting married in 2017, recognizing his responsibilities as the head of the family.
• 🏦 Onge chose to take out a bank loan of IDR 25 million in 2022, with monthly installments of IDR 760,000 over 36 months, as it was cheaper compared to online loans.
• ⚖️ Economist Nailul Huda highlighted that interest rates for online loans are significantly higher than bank loans, with some online loans charging up to 36% in just three months.
• 🔗 Doni, a victim of online loans, shared his experience of accidentally receiving money from multiple online loan apps, leading to excessive interest and harassment from debt collectors.
• ⚠️ The Legal Aid Institute (LBH) Jakarta has dealt with numerous complaints regarding online loans since 2017, emphasizing the need for strategic solutions and legal action.
• 📉 Onge used online loans for purchasing goods but opted for bank loans for business expansion, as banks consider the business's prospects rather than just collateral.
• 💼 There has been a shift in online loan usage from productive sectors to more consumer-driven purposes, which raises concerns about the target market of online lenders.
• 🏛️ The commercialized nature of education was criticized, as students and low-income workers are increasingly turning to online loans to cover costs that should be supported by the state.

Q & A

What challenges did Fajar Rizki face in his early career?

Fajar Rizki faced challenges in his early career as he didn't complete his vocational school education and had to work as a street musician. Later, he became a broker for screen printing before starting his own business.

How did Fajar Rizki's business evolve over time?

Fajar Rizki's business evolved from being a screen printing broker to starting his own screen printing business in 2013 with his friends. The business became more serious after he got married in 2017, with his wife managing the finances.

Why did Fajar Rizki prefer taking a loan from the bank rather than opting for online loans?

Fajar Rizki preferred taking a loan from the bank because the interest rates were lower and the terms were more reasonable compared to online loans. He received a loan of Rp25 million in 2022 with a monthly installment of Rp760,000 for 36 months.

What are the risks associated with taking loans from illegal online lenders?

The risks associated with taking loans from illegal online lenders include significantly higher interest rates, aggressive collection practices, and harassment, often involving the borrower's family and workplace.

What legal actions did Doni take after becoming a victim of illegal online loans?

Doni sought help from the Jakarta Legal Aid Institute (LBH Jakarta) and participated in a class action lawsuit. The legal actions helped address his case and contributed to the implementation of new regulations for online lending practices.

What impact did the harassment from illegal lenders have on Doni?

The harassment from illegal lenders had a significant impact on Doni, particularly affecting his family, including his in-laws, and his former employer, who were all subjected to verbal abuse.

What steps have been taken by authorities to regulate online lending practices?

Authorities have introduced regulations, including OJK Regulation No. 19 of 2023, which sets guidelines for debt collection practices, limiting collection hours to before 8 PM and enforcing respectful communication.

What is the difference in interest rates between bank loans and online loans?

Bank loans typically have lower interest rates, such as the one Fajar Rizki received, which was around 10.16% annually. In contrast, online loans can have interest rates as high as 12% per month, translating to about 36% over three months.

How has the purpose of online loans shifted over time according to the script?

Initially, about 64% of online loans were directed towards productive sectors, but this has shifted, with 60% now being used for consumption, indicating a change in the target market for online loans.

What issues do students and low-income workers face regarding online loans?

Students and low-income workers, such as honorarium teachers, often find themselves trapped in online loans due to their inability to access traditional bank loans. This situation exacerbates their financial struggles, leading to a cycle of debt.

Outlines

00:00

📉 The Struggles of Online Loans: A Case Study

This paragraph introduces the pervasive issue of online loans (pinjol) and the negative experiences faced by individuals who fall into their traps. It focuses on the story of Fajar Rizki, also known as 'One,' a small business owner in North Jakarta who started his own screen printing business after struggling with various jobs. The narrative details his journey from being a school dropout and street musician to starting his business with friends in 2013. One's life took a more serious turn after getting married, which motivated him to develop his business further. A key point is his decision in 2022 to seek a bank loan for business expansion, highlighting the contrast between bank loans and high-interest online loans.

05:03

📲 Unexpected Consequences of Clicking a Link

This paragraph tells the story of Doni (a pseudonym), who inadvertently became a victim of online loan schemes. Initially, Doni received a suspicious SMS about a loan he didn’t apply for. Out of curiosity, he clicked a link, which led him to an application where he had to fill in his data. Despite not completing any loan application, he mysteriously received several small amounts of money from different apps. These transactions came with exorbitant repayment demands. Doni’s experience turned into a nightmare as he faced harassment, with creditors calling his family and employer, leading to severe emotional distress.

10:05

🏛️ Legal Aid and the Fight Against Online Loan Harassment

This paragraph discusses the broader issue of online loan harassment, which has been rampant since 2017. The Legal Aid Institute (LBH) Jakarta received numerous complaints within a short period in 2018, leading to strategic actions against these predatory practices. The narrative shifts to the legal actions taken by victims like Doni, supported by LBH Jakarta. Through class action lawsuits, regulatory changes, and advocacy, there have been some reforms, such as new rules from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in 2023 regarding debt collection practices. The paragraph also highlights how One himself experienced issues with online loans when purchasing a phone, but he prefers bank loans for business due to their less stringent collateral requirements.

Keywords

💡Pinjol (Pinjaman Online)

Pinjol refers to online loans, a service where individuals can borrow money through online platforms. In the video, it is portrayed as a double-edged sword—while it offers quick access to funds, it also comes with high interest rates and significant risks, especially when dealing with illegal lenders. The term captures the central theme of the video, which is the financial burden and legal complications faced by individuals who fall into the trap of these online loans.

💡Bank Loans

Bank loans are traditional forms of credit provided by banks, often with lower interest rates compared to online loans. The video contrasts bank loans with pinjol, highlighting that while bank loans may require collateral or a more rigorous application process, they are generally safer and more financially sustainable. This comparison is central to the video's message about making informed financial decisions.

💡Sablon Business

The 'sablon' business refers to the screen-printing business that the character Fajar Rizki (One) operates in North Jakarta. His journey from a student to a business owner underscores the challenges of entrepreneurship, particularly in securing financing. The sablon business represents the struggle of small business owners to grow their enterprises amidst financial constraints and the allure of easy but risky loans.

💡Interest Rates

Interest rates refer to the percentage of a loan that is charged as interest to the borrower, typically expressed on an annual basis. The video discusses the high interest rates associated with pinjol, which can reach 12% per month, leading to exorbitant costs over time. This concept is crucial for understanding the financial strain that pinjol places on borrowers.

💡Debt Collection Practices

Debt collection practices are the methods used by lenders to recover money from borrowers who fail to repay their loans. The video highlights abusive and aggressive debt collection tactics used by some pinjol services, including harassment of borrowers' families and employers. This underscores the psychological and social pressures faced by those who default on their loans.

💡Litigation and Legal Action

Litigation refers to the process of taking legal action, and in the video, it is discussed in the context of those who have been victimized by illegal pinjol practices. The video mentions how some individuals, with the help of legal aid organizations like LBH Jakarta, have pursued class-action lawsuits (CL action) to seek justice and compensation. This emphasizes the legal recourse available to those who have been exploited by unscrupulous lenders.

💡Financial Literacy

Financial literacy is the ability to understand and effectively use various financial skills, including personal financial management, budgeting, and investing. The video implicitly advocates for greater financial literacy, particularly when it warns viewers about the dangers of taking out loans without fully understanding the terms and potential consequences. This concept is vital to the video's underlying message of making informed financial decisions.

💡Collateral

Collateral refers to an asset that a borrower offers to a lender to secure a loan. If the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender has the right to seize the collateral. The video mentions that bank loans often require collateral, like a motorcycle, which serves as a form of security for the loan. This is contrasted with pinjol, which may not require collateral but comes with higher risks.

💡Regulatory Changes

Regulatory changes refer to modifications in laws or regulations that govern financial practices. The video discusses updates to regulations by OJK (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, the Financial Services Authority of Indonesia) aimed at curbing abusive practices in the pinjol industry. These changes are significant as they represent efforts to protect consumers and ensure fairer lending practices.

💡Economic Pressure

Economic pressure refers to the financial strain experienced by individuals or families due to insufficient income or high levels of debt. In the video, characters like One and Doni face economic pressure that drives them to seek loans, despite the risks involved. This concept is central to understanding the motivations behind borrowing and the subsequent difficulties in managing debt.

Highlights

The term 'pinjol' or online loans has become a source of fear for many who have fallen into debt traps due to unclear agreements between borrowers and service providers.

Fajar Rizki, also known as One, started his own screen-printing business after struggling as a middleman and street performer.

The turning point in Fajar's business came in 2017 when he got married and started taking financial responsibilities seriously.

Fajar successfully secured a bank loan of IDR 25 million in 2022 with a monthly installment of IDR 760,000 for 36 months.

Economist Nailul Huda explains that bank loans are generally cheaper than online loans, which can have interest rates as high as 12% per month.

Doni, a victim of illegal online loans, describes how he was tricked into receiving money from unknown loan apps, leading to harassment of his family and employer.

The Legal Aid Institute (LBH) Jakarta received over 100 complaints related to online loans within 25 days in 2018, highlighting the widespread issues with these services.

LBH Jakarta took strategic legal actions, including filing class action lawsuits, to address the issues faced by victims of illegal online loans.

New regulations introduced in 2023 by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in Indonesia aim to regulate debt collection practices and protect consumers.

Despite the convenience, Fajar prefers bank loans over online loans due to lower interest rates and less stringent collateral requirements.

Data from BPS indicates a shift in online loan usage, with 60% now being used for consumption rather than productive activities.

There is concern that the reliance on online loans for education expenses is a sign of the commercialization of education in Indonesia.

LBH Jakarta's operations were temporarily halted after their office was destroyed by a fire, affecting their ability to assist victims of online loans.

The LBH emphasizes the importance of debt repayment but also advocates for debt restructuring when repayment is not possible.

The prevalence of online loans among students and low-income earners, such as honorarium teachers, highlights the systemic issues in Indonesia's financial sector.

Transcripts

[Musik]

[Musik]

pinjol pinjol dan pinjol

kata ini seolah menjadi momok bagi

sebagian orang yang pernah terjerat

kasus pinjol atau pinjaman

online sebab ada ketidakjelasan dan

ketidakptian antara peminjam dan

penyedia

jasa berat bagi gu adal keluarga

khususnya keluarga dari istri

ya itu menasarkan mertua guaelepon dimak

segala macam

[Musik]

[Musik]

mari kita mulai dengan cerita Fajar

Rizki atau akrab di sapa

one Dia adalah pengusaha sablon di

daerah Jakarta Utara mungkin di awal

dari kalau sablon Tu kan keminatan gue

itu waktu itu waktu zaman sekolah kan

pertama kita kan belum ada produksi

zaman sekolah kan biasa jadi calok tuh

ibarat tuh broker nyablon ke Bandung ke

mana tuh nah tapi makin ke sini saya ada

ada niatan tuh Bi sendiri enak kali ya

Ya udah nyoba-nyoba bikin sendiri ya

akhirnya

bisa perjalanan hidup ongee tak semulus

yang diinginkan ia tak menamatkan

pendidikan SMK ia pun menjadi pengamen

di tahun

2008 sembari itu ia Mencari peluang

dengan menjadi makelar

sablon pada 2013 ia bersama

kawan-kawannya mulai merintis usaha

sablon Nah pas kalau kalau menurut saya

ketika seriusnya ya pas ada istri aja

sih itu sekitar 2000 2017 Nah itu sudah

mulai ada istri yang yang apa namanya

yang ngatur keuangan

sadar akan tanggung jawab sebagai kepala

keluarga onge mengembangkan usahanya

ketika kita sama istri cerita kan

ngobrol-ngobrol sharing-saring kayaknya

kita udah Ang bisa dah makanya kita

nyari ke peminjaman lebih Yang lebih ke

bank gitu karena lebih lebih apa ya

lebih lebih ini juga sih makudnya

artinya lebih murah lebih ringan

dia Benarkah lebih ringan

onge mendapat pinjaman dari bank senilai

Rp25 juta Pada Tahun

2022 cicilan tiap bulannya adalah

rp760.000 selama 36

[Musik]

kali bagi ekonom nailul Huda cicilan ini

dirasa lebih murah dibandingkan dengan

pincaman online bunga di pinjaman online

itu relatif lebih tinggi kalau dia

0,4% artinya dia 12% per bulan 12% per

bulan kalau kita kalikan 3 bulan saja

itu sudah sekitar

36%. jika dihitung lebih rinci bunga

pinjaman one adalah sekitar 10,16%

selama 3

tahun itu artinya

3,39% tiap tahun atau

0,28% per bulan

atau

0,009% per

hari pinjaman bank yang dilakukan One

memang lebih ringan dibandingkan

pinjaman online itun jika perhitungan

bunga ini adalah suku bunga flat dari

total

pinjaman nah Lender yang dipinjol ilegal

itu juga keuntungannya lebih besar dan

memang dipinjol ilegal juga dia rela

lebih gampang untuk prosesnya gitu lebih

gampang dan memang resikonya juga lebih

tinggi pastinya gitu kan inilah risiko

yang dimaksud nailul Huda Doni bukan

nama sebenarnya adalah salah satu korban

dari mudahnya mengakses pinjol jadi awal

gua terima sms yang dibilang di situ gu

gua nerima pinjaman sebesar R8 juta ya

kan karena gua enggak tahu itu pinjaman

apa dan gua cek reken juga enggak ada

masuk karena penasaran aja awalnya

Akhirnya gua ngekliklah tuh Link yang

tertera di SMS tersebut masuk Pah k

aplikasi nah di aplikasi itu sendiri ya

kan disuruh Ngisi data nih Nah di pada

saat Ngisi data tuh enggak enggak ada

untuk ambil pinjaman atau apa segala

macam Gua cuma mau motivasi gua mau tahu

ini pinjaman apa pas gua lihat loh ini

enggak benar nih karena nominalnya

terlalu besar dan juga pengembaliannya

enggak masuk akal Nah akhirnya gua

kembalikan tuh gua apa gua back semuanya

gua delete aplikasinya gitu nah tapi

yang lucunya ketika pagi hari itu gua

nerima uang sebanyak tiga kali dari

beberapa aplikasi yang gua enggak tahu

itu apa waktu itu variatif ya yang gue

terima tuh kalau enggak salah di awal

ada tiga tiga yang gua terima yang

pertama itu seingat gua tu sebesar

900 50.000 sekianlah gua lupa nominalnya

berapa dan itu gua harus mengembalikan

sebesar 1 koma

8 kalau engak salah j800 Set segitulah

dan yang ada yang lebih parahnya itu gua

nerima

1.uta

r50.000 dan gua harus mengembalikan

sekitar 2 juta

300 kayak

gitu sejak itu pula ia Mengalami

berbagai bentuk kekerasan secara verbal

se sih Respon yang paling eh berat bagi

gua tu adalah keluarga khususnya

keluarga dari istri ya

gu itu menyasar ke mertua gua ditelepon

dimaki-maki segala macam itu sih yang

sebenarnya yang paling besar dan satu

lagi dengan atasan gua di perusaan yang

lama gitu loh itu mereka sampai

dimaki-maki segala macam dan akhirnya

impactnya ke diri gua sendiri gitu

loh kasus pinjol marak sejak

2017 lembaga bantuan hukum atau LBH

Jakarta sempat membuka aduan terkait

pinjol di tahun

2018 selama 25 hari membuka layanan

lebih dari 100 orang yang

mengadu aduannya

beragam jadi berangkat dari berbagai

lusinan persoalan kemudian kita lihat Oh

kita enggak bisa tangani persatu

mengingat sumber daya LBH dan lain

sebagainya gitu ya jadi kita cari

langkah-langkah strategis yang bisa eh

ke depan bisa mengubah ee kondisi ini

vokasi kebijakan pemberdayaan masyarakat

yang terdampak

kemudian litigasi strategis ya dalam

bentuk gugatan sampai akhirnya gua eh

ketemulah dengan tim LBH Jakarta nah

dari situ akhirnya mereka ngasih solusi

dengan mengajukan e gugatan apa namanya

ya apa ya istilahnya action action CL

action gitu loh mengajukan CL action

melalui lba Jakarta Ya udah akhirnya

diajukanlah persidangan segala macam ya

kan dan Alhamdulillah selesai sudah

inkas segala macam nah kemudian kita

dorong Terus akhirnya keluar juga

beberapa regulasi gitu surataran ejk

misalnya diperbarui berapa kali gitu

yang terbaru nomor 19 tahun

2023 yang apa namanya mengatur sampai

dengan ini juga ya sampai dengan Dep

collecting gitu penagihannya dilakukan

seperti apa maksimal jam 800 malam

kemudian ada semacam sopan santunnya

gitu do and don-nya juga mereka ee atur

[Musik]

onge sendiri pernah berhubungan dengan

pinjol barang HP gua kredit HP

dipinjol Gampang sih gu dipinjol tuh

kalau kalau untuk ngambil barang enaknya

itu dia tanpa DP tuh jadi kita tinggal

tinggal klik set kebutuhan KTP apa udah

langsung barang jadi datang gu di posisi

ini ia

terbantukan tapi untuk kebutuhan

penambahan modal usaha ia meminjam di B

untuk bank yang gua pinjam ini dia itu

gak ngelihat gak ngelihat jaminannya apa

tapi dilihat prospek usahanya gitu

makanya gua lebih milih bank karena

lebih besar kan dan jaminan juga gakak

muluk-muluk motor pun bisa k dia jadi

jaminan tapi asal usahanya dilihatpek

gitu

motor Ya setidaknya untuk mendapat

pinjaman dari bank harusiki aset yangis

diam inilah yang menjadi masalah Ketika

seseorang untuk memulai usaha

[Musik]

modal atau pilihan lainnya pinjam via

aplikasi alias pinjaman online tapi

harus siap dengan bunga yang lebih

tinggi serta berbagai permasalahan di

dalamnya data-data BPS itu menyebutkan

salah satu masalah terbesar darikm itu

masah

peral dan pjaman ke bank ataua

ketika ada keperluan baik mendesak

maupun tidak saat Tak memiliki dana

simpanan pinjaman menjadi

solusinya terlebih lagi saat Tak

memiliki aset untuk dijaminkan pinjaman

online jawabannya

[Musik]

[Musik]

nah Ketika kita bicara sektoral

sebenarnya di tahun

2021 itu masih banyak yang dia

menyalurkan kepada sektor produktif

sekitar 64% itu ke sektor produktif

sisanya itu sektor konsumtif Nah

sekarang kebalik sekarang 60% itu ke

sektor konsumtif sisanya baru ke sektor

produktif nah ini yang yang kita lihat

ada perubahan dari Ya bisa dibilang

target pasarnya pinjol ya sebenarnya

yang yang kami tangkap yang LBH tangkap

terkait ee pinjol untuk pembayaran uang

kuliah ini sebenarnya bukan praktik

pinjaman online-nya ya tapi ada peran

negara yang dilepas di situ bukannya

negara yang kemudian mencari langkah

untuk ee mengakomodir eh apa namanya eh

hak atas pendidikan dalam hal ini kuliah

gitu tapi kemudian yang dikasih ya itu

dikasih pinjaman online gitu Ini kan

praktik-praktik yang bisa kita bilang

bagian dari komersialisasi

pendidikan 6 tahun pas kenangani kasus

pinjaman online gedung ybhi LBH Jakarta

kebakaran

[Musik]

operasional LBH Jakarta ybhi dan lembaga

lainnya dihentikan

[Musik]

sementara ini jangan biarin aja nih spes

ini

biarin kita lagi cari second opinion

kan tuh pojok tuh

[Musik]

pembelajaran kita r r pembelajarannya

kalau membingkai bikin foto kasih

keterangan caption ini apa gitu

[Musik]

du Minggu berikutnya LBH Jakarta membuka

kembali layanan konsultasi untuk

masyarakat termasuk pinjaman

online tetap bilang ya bahwa utang itu

mau enggak mau bahkan pakai dalil-dalil

agama juga Memang emang harus

disegerakan tapi kan kalau ada kondisi

di mana kita ggak bisa bayar ya kita

juga punya hak untuk apa namanya

mengajukan serangkaian perubahan itu

adjustment gitu penyesuaian pembayaran

hutangnya al kita enggak kabur gitu

sebisa mungkin sebenarnya kalau memilih

yang pinjaman online itu harus juga

melihat kemampuan bayar diri sendiri

Makanya harus harus diperhintungkan

matang-matang dah kalau minjam kita

harus buat apa buat apa kegunaannya

harus bikin matang-matang dah dengan

bijak dah kalau minjam itu bijak dah

pikirannya dah sekeras apapun kita

memberikan

eh apa ya memberikan motivasi ataupun

memberikan masukan kepada masyarakat

melalui media sosial YouTube ataupun

aca-aca seperti ini ya Mas

ya karena kebutuhan di lapangan itu

untuk uang dan kemudahan yang dia

dapatkan itu akan terus terjerat Mas

enggak akan ada solusi gitu loh Ya

dibilang lingkaran setnya bentuk

lingkaran kayak gini Mas bahkan orang

yang enggak bekerja pun contoh ya

Mahasiswa ya kan Berapa banyak yang

terjurat

mahasiswa guru honorer sekarang Mas Coba

bayangkan guru honorer dengan gaji per

bulannya cuma r300.000 mereka bisa

mengajukan pinjaman sebesar R

juta Mungkin enggak Enggak mungkin kan

kalau di bank yang resmi