Spanish Period - 21st Century Literary Genres and the Ones from the Earlier Genres/Periods

Summary

This video script by Teacher Arvin delves into the 21st-century Philippine literature, contrasting it with earlier periods, specifically the Spanish colonization era. It explores various literary genres, from religious writings to secular narratives, and discusses their evolution under Spanish influence. The script highlights significant literary works, such as 'Doctrina Cristiana,' and describes traditional plays and genres like 'awit,' 'corrido,' and 'zarzuela.' It also touches on the Enlightenment period, emphasizing the role of literature in shaping Filipino consciousness and resistance against colonization.

Takeaways

• 📚 The lesson focuses on comparing 21st century literary genres with earlier periods, specifically the Spanish period in Philippine literature.
• 🌐 Literary genres are categorized by literary technique, tone, content, and length, with flexibility and overlapping sub-genres.
• 📖 The Spanish colonization period saw a shift in literature towards Christian faith, hymns, saints, miracles, and church teachings.
• 📘 'Doctrina Cristiana' was the first book printed in the Philippines in 1593, containing prayers and religious teachings in Tagalog and Spanish.
• 🎭 Secular literature during Spanish colonization included stories of bravery and adventure, presented in various forms such as 'awit', 'corrido', and 'sarswela'.
• 🎨 The 'Sinakulo' is a popular dramatization of Jesus Christ's life, composed in a specific Filipino poetic form.
• 📜 'Aveenoestra Senora Del Rosario' is another significant religious text, containing biographies of saints and religious questions and answers.
• 📚 'Libro de los cuatroPros primeras de hombre' is the first book printed in typography in the Philippines, focusing on the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ.
• 🎭 Recreational plays like 'morumuru', 'zarzuela', and 'moromoro' were popular during Spanish times, often with religious or social themes.
• 🎵 'Awit' and 'Corrido' are musical forms that emerged, with 'awit' being a Tagalog song and 'corrido' a Spanish metrical story sung with guitar accompaniment.
• 💡 The Enlightenment period post-Spanish colonization saw writers like Jose Rizal and Del Pilar enlightening Filipinos against Spanish rule, influencing social change.

Q & A

What is the main objective of the lesson on 21st century literature from the Philippines?

The main objective of the lesson is to compare and contrast the various 21st century literary genres with those from earlier periods, focusing on their elements, structures, and traditions.

What is the definition of literary genres as mentioned in the script?

Literary genres are categories of literary composition that may be determined by literary technique, tone, content, or length, and are often defined by the general cultural movement of the historical period in which they were composed.

How did the Spanish colonization impact the literature in the Philippines?

Spanish colonization significantly impacted Philippine literature by shifting interests from writing about nature to writing about Christian faith, with a majority of the writings being religious in nature or secular with a revolutionary tone.

What is 'Doctrina Cristiana' and why is it significant in Philippine literature?

'Doctrina Cristiana' is the first book printed in the Philippines in 1593, containing prayers and religious teachings in Tagalog and Spanish, and it is significant as it represents the beginning of written literature under Spanish colonization.

What are some examples of secular or non-religious literature that flourished during the Spanish period?

Examples of secular literature from the Spanish period include songs or 'awit', 'corrido', 'karagatan', 'doppler', prose narrative 'sarswella', and others that often revolved around themes of bravery and adventure.

What is the significance of 'Sinakulo' in the context of Spanish colonization?

'Sinakulo' is a popular Filipino dramatization of Jesus Christ's life, particularly his passion, death, and resurrection, and it was a significant form of religious expression during the Spanish colonization.

What are the different versions of 'Ang Pasion' mentioned in the script?

The different versions of 'Ang Pasion' mentioned are the Pilapil version by Mariana Pilapil of Bulacan in 1814, the Belen version by Gaspar Aquino de Belen of Bataan in 1704, the De La Merced by Anisito de la Mercedes in 1856, and the Gia version by Luis in 1750.

Who is Modesto de Castro and why is he significant in the context of the Spanish colonization period?

Modesto de Castro is known as the father of classic prose in Tagalog. His literary pieces, which are letters between two sisters, Urbana and Felisa, greatly influenced the behavior of people in society due to their focus on social conduct.

What are some of the recreational plays performed by Filipinos during the Spanish times?

Some of the recreational plays performed during the Spanish times include 'debate', 'dong', 'awit', 'corrido', 'sarswela', 'moromoro', 'karagatan', 'duplo', 'balagtasan', and 'zarzuela', among others.

What is the 'Period of Enlightenment' and how did it influence Filipino literature?

The 'Period of Enlightenment' is a short period following the Spanish colonization where writers published books that enlightened Filipinos against Spanish rule, inspiring a change in life disposition and a movement towards independence, with notable works by Jose Rizal and other writers.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to 21st Century Philippine Literature

This paragraph introduces the lesson on 21st century Philippine literature, focusing on the comparison between modern literary genres and those from earlier periods, specifically the Spanish colonization era. The aim is to understand the evolution of literary genres in terms of their elements, structures, and traditions. The lesson will delve into the impact of Spanish colonization on Philippine literature, shifting from nature-themed writings to Christian faith and religious themes. The paragraph also clarifies the definition of literary genres and their categorization based on technique, tone, content, and length, emphasizing the flexibility and fluidity of genre distinctions.

05:02

🏛 Spanish Colonial Influence on Philippine Literature

This section discusses the profound influence of Spanish colonization on Philippine literature, highlighting the shift in literary focus from nature to Christian faith. It mentions the dominance of religious writings during this period, including hymns, saints' biographies, and church teachings. The paragraph introduces key literary works from the Spanish era, such as 'Doctrina Cristiana'—the first book printed in the Philippines—and other significant religious texts. It also touches upon secular literature that served as propaganda and revolutionary tools, reflecting the socio-political climate of the time.

10:03

🎭 Recreational Plays and Literary Works of the Spanish Era

This paragraph explores various forms of recreational plays and literary works that emerged during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. It describes the 'Murumuru Karagatan Duplo' and other plays that were performed during town fiestas and special occasions, often with religious or social themes. The paragraph also mentions the 'Zarzuela,' a musical comedy that dealt with human emotions and social issues, and the 'Moro Moral,' a play that reminded people of their Christian faith through the story of a Christian princess captured by Muhammadans. Additionally, it covers other forms of entertainment like 'Agit Kabayo,' 'Karagatán,' and 'Dungaw,' which were part of the cultural fabric of the time.

15:04

🎼 Music and Poetry in Spanish Colonial Literature

This section delves into the role of music and poetry in Spanish colonial literature, discussing the 'Awit' and 'Corrido' as forms of song and metrical story, respectively. It highlights how these forms of artistic expression were integral to the cultural life of the Filipino people during the Spanish era. The paragraph also touches upon other forms of poetic expression, such as 'Dong' and 'Balagtasan,' which were used to chant about the lives and sacrifices of the deceased, often incorporating personal emotions and thoughts.

20:06

💡 Enlightenment and Nationalist Literature Post-Colonization

The final paragraph shifts focus to the period of Enlightenment following the Spanish colonization, where writers played a crucial role in enlightening the Filipino people against colonial rule. This section mentions the influential writings of national heroes like Jose Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar, whose works inspired a change in the life disposition of Filipinos and contributed to the rise of nationalism. The paragraph concludes by acknowledging the significant impact of these literary pieces on the cultural and political awakening of the Filipino people.

Keywords

💡21st Century Literature

21st Century Literature refers to literary works created in the 21st century. It encompasses a wide range of genres and styles that reflect contemporary themes and issues. In the video, this term is central to the theme, as the lesson aims to explore and compare this century's literary genres with those from earlier periods, highlighting the evolution of literature in the Philippines.

💡Compare and Contrast

This term is used to describe the analytical process of examining similarities and differences between two or more subjects. In the context of the video, it is a key learning competency that students are expected to develop by the end of the module, specifically to analyze and understand the distinctions and parallels between 21st century literary genres and those from the Spanish period.

💡Literary Genres

Literary genres are categories of literary works based on similar characteristics such as length, style, form, content, and technique. The video script discusses the importance of understanding genres to analyze literature effectively, with a focus on how they have evolved from the Spanish colonization period to the present.

💡Spanish Period

The Spanish Period refers to the era of Spanish colonization in the Philippines, which lasted for more than 300 years. The script mentions this period to highlight the significant impact it had on Filipino literature, shaping its themes, styles, and subjects, particularly towards religious and Christian faith-oriented writings.

💡Doctrina Cristiana

Doctrina Cristiana is identified in the script as the first book printed in the Philippines in 1593. It is significant as it represents the beginning of written literature in the country and contains Christian teachings in both Tagalog and Spanish, reflecting the religious influence of the Spanish colonization on Filipino literature.

💡Religious Literature

Religious literature in the script is characterized by works that focus on Christian faith, teachings, and narratives. It was predominant during the Spanish period, with examples such as 'Sinakulo' and 'Dalit', which were used to propagate religious themes and values among the Filipino people.

💡Secular Literature

Secular literature, as mentioned in the script, refers to non-religious writings that were also produced during the Spanish period. It often contained propaganda and revolutionary themes, serving as a form of expression for social and political commentary, distinct from the religious literature of the time.

💡Awit and Corrido

Awit and Corrido are terms related to music and poetry in the script. 'Awit' is the Tagalog word for song, while 'Corrido' is a Spanish term for a narrative song, usually accompanied by a guitar. These forms were part of the recreational plays and literature during the Spanish colonization, reflecting the cultural integration of Spanish and Filipino artistic expressions.

💡Zarzuela

Zarzuela is described in the script as a form of musical comedy or melodrama that originated in Spain and became popular in the Philippines during the Spanish period. It typically consists of three acts and deals with themes of love, hate, revenge, and social issues, showcasing the influence of Spanish culture on Filipino theater.

💡Moro Moral

Moro Moral is a play mentioned in the script that was performed during town fiestas in the Spanish period. It often depicted the capture of a Christian character by a 'muhammadan' and the subsequent rescue, symbolizing the religious and cultural conflicts of the time. This play served both as entertainment and as a reminder of Christian values.

💡Enlightenment

The term 'Enlightenment' in the script refers to a period following the Spanish colonization where writers published works aimed at enlightening the Filipino people about the Spanish rule. These writings, including those by notable figures like Jose Rizal, played a crucial role in shaping the national consciousness and inspiring resistance against colonial rule.

Highlights

Introduction to the journey of discovering Week 3 of 21st century literature from the Philippines.

Essential learning competency is to compare and contrast 21st century literary genres with earlier periods.

Literary genres are categories determined by literary technique, tone, content, or length.

The flexibility and loose definition of genre distinctions, often with subgroups.

Shift in interest from nature to Christian faith in literature due to Spanish colonization.

Majority of writings during Spanish period were religious, with secular literature being propaganda and revolutionary.

Doctrina Cristiana, the first book printed in the Philippines, contained Christian doctrine in Tagalog and Spanish.

Ave María Nuestra Señora del Rosario, the second book printed, focused on biographies of saints and religious questions.

Biblical stories translated to Tagalog, such as the Christianized version of Buddha's life.

Libro de los cuatro Prospectivas, the first book printed in typography, about the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ.

Different versions of Ang Passion, reflecting variations in storytelling and regional influences.

Modesto de Castro, known as the father of classic prose in Tagalog, and his influential letters between two sisters.

Recreational plays performed during Spanish times, mostly in poetic form, such as Debuñot and other examples.

Foreign plays introduced by the Spaniards, like the Santa Cruz tradition and the search for the real cross.

The VC Napolo, a dramatic performance commemorating the passion of Jesus Christ, with two kinds: cantada and hablada.

The zarzuela, a musical comedy or melodrama dealing with human passions and emotions.

The moro-moro, a play reminding people of their Christian religion, often performed during town fiestas.

The karagatan, a poetic vehicle of social and religious nature, celebrated during the death of a person.

The awit and corrido, musical terms related to songs and metrical stories sung with guitar accompaniment.

The Period of Enlightenment with writers like Jose Rizal who published books enlightening Filipinos against Spanish colonization.

Transcripts

[Music]

good day to you my name is teacher Arvin

and I am very excited to bring you

today's lesson so set your mind run your

heart and Brace yourselves for we will

take the journey to discover the week 3

of 21st century literature from the

Philippines in the world

most essential learning competency in

fact is compare and contrast the various

21st century literary genres and the

ones from the earlier genres periods

citing their elements structures and

traditions

at the end of this module you should be

able to compare and contrast the virus

21st century genres and the ones from

the earlier genres in periods

specifically you will focus on the

Spanish period

[Music]

[Music]

foreign

[Music]

to what is meant by literary genres I

know that we've already discussed this

one during the pre-colonial literary

period wherein we've discussed different

genres under the pre-colonial this time

that we are already focusing on the

Spanish colonization let us just go back

first to the definition of literary

genres now literary genre is a category

of a literary composition genres may be

determined by literary technique tone

content or even as in the case of a

fiction its length the distinctions

between

um genres in categories are flexible and

Loosely defined often with subgroups so

it means that the most General

journalism literature are epic tragedy

comedy and creative non-fiction now

um they can all be in a form of prose or

or even poetry now additionally a genre

such as allegory or pastoral might

appear in any of the above not only as a

sub-genre but a mix of or a mixture of

genres finally they are defined by the

general cultural movement of the

historical period in which they were

composed now for this lesson we will

focus on the literary genre under the

Spanish period now John Rush should not

be confused with h categories by which

um literature maybe classified as either

adult young adult or even children now

they also must not be confused with any

format

um such as graphic novel or picture book

okay

foreign

[Music]

for more than 300 years the Spanish

colonizers ruled the country

they used the cross to persuade and

convert the indigenous people to their

religion not only our nation's history

but also our Traditions lifestyle and

belief systems have been shaped by more

than three centuries of colonization in

the Philippines

this has had a significant impact on our

literature as well there was a shift or

in interest away from writing about

nature toward writing about Christian

faith

um hymns Saints Miracles and church

teaching now the majority of the

writings were religious okay religious

or secular in nature with the latter

section being the propaganda and

revolutionary in nature

during the Spanish

um colonization religious subjects were

written in prose Aspire books novenas

Saint biographies and the like sinakolo

a popular Filipino dramatization of

Jesus Christ's life and times was

presented during London season passion

the Philippine epic Narrative of Jesus

Christ life was composed in stanzas of

five lines and eight syllables each and

concentrated in his on his passion death

or passion death and Resurrection

dalit or some another popular song

um praising God or Virgin Mary and

containing a life philosophy also gained

popularity additionally

um secular or non-religious literature

flourished During the period these are

um primary stories of bravery and

Adventure they consist of the following

um the song or awit we have the Corrido

um we have the karagatan Doppler prose

narrative sarswella so we will discuss

each one of it as we go on with our

discussion for this session

all right so let us proceed to the first

uh literary uh piece during the Spanish

colonization so the first one is the

doctrina Cristiana so what is meant by

Dr nakrish China the Christian doctrine

now this was the first book printed in

the Philippines in 1593 in xylography or

engraving of woods now it was written by

father Juani Palencia and father Domingo

nieva in Tagalog and Spanish now it

contained the paternoster Our Father

um Avi Maria Hail Mary

Regina Ciela Hail Holy Queen the Ten

Commandments of God the Commandments of

the Catholic Church These seven mortal

sins how to

confessism now these are

contains a lot of prayers in it

the doctrina Christiana

um or the Christian doctrine three old

or original copies of the book can still

be found at the Vatican at the Madrid

Museum and the U.S Congress now it

contains only 87 pages but costs

um five thousand dollars

the second book printed in the

Philippines is aveenoestra Senora Del

Rosario the second book printed in the

Philippines was written by father

Blancas di San Jose in 1602 and printed

at the USD printing press with the help

of Wendy Vera a Chinese mestizo now it

contains the biographies of saints

novenas and questions and answers on

religion

specifically in the Christian religion

another literary piece under the Spanish

colonization is

now this is a biblical story printed in

the Philippines and translated to

Tagalog from Greek

um by father Antonio de borja now it has

555 Pages now this referred to as the

christianized version of Buddha's life

where to suffered reaching the

enlightenment through the love of Jesus

Christ

[Music]

another literary piece during the

Spanish colonization is the Libra de los

cuatro Pros primeras de hombre in

Spanish and Tagalog so this is the first

book printed in typography

alright so another book uh under the

Spanish colonization is

now this is the book about uh the life

and sufferings of Jesus Christ

um it is read only during Lenten season

there were four versions

um four versions of it in according to

the name or in accordance to the name of

the writer

[Music]

all right so I made mention a while ago

that there were four versions of Ang

passion or the passion now these are the

pilapil version by Mariana pilapil of

Bulacan in 1814 the the Belen version by

um gaspan Aquino de Belen of Bataan in

1704 and the De La Merced by anisito de

la Mercedes

in 1856 and the Gia version by Luis in

1750.

another literary piece under the Spanish

colonization is

now it's a book by Modesto de Castro the

so-called father of classic um prose in

Tagalog now these are letters between

two sisters Urbana and Felisa and have

influenced greatly the behavior of

people in society because the letters

dealt with their behavior now

or letters

there are many recreational Place

performed by Filipino during the Spanish

times

almost all of them were poetic form here

are examples

debug

illai

Yan

[Music]

or shadowplay

niete

the murumuru karagatan Duplo the

balagtasan the dungao the awit and the

corrido

foreign

was brought here by the Spaniard to

remind the people about the search of

Saint Helena for the cross on which

Jesus died

[Music]

another Recreation play is the lagailai

a May celebration in kanaman camarines

to order the Santa Cruz tradition women

dance on the streets while chanting

players to find the real cross now this

is similar to tibag we're in

um as early as April the participating

ladies are chosen and sometimes mothers

volunteer

um their girls in order to fulfill a vow

made during an illness or for a favor

received

foreign

play during the Spanish colonization is

a VC napolo this is a dramatic

performance to commemorate the passion

or the passion of death of Jesus Christ

there are two kinds the cantada and

hablada in the hablada the lines are

spoken in a more deliberate manner

showing the rhythmic measure of each of

verse and the rhyming in each stanza and

is more dignified and feel the cantada

is chanted like the passion now the

cynical law is written in octa-syllabic

verse with eight verses to the stanza

the full length versions take about

three nights of staging performers come

in costumes with wigs and performers are

carefully chosen for their virtuous Life

One performs the role of Jesus Christ

and another role of our the another the

role of Virgin Mary now many famous men

players are or come from the Tagalog

regions although there are also those

from Ilocos Pampanga bical and both in

cebuan and hiligain

another reparation play Under the

Spanish colonization is

this is presented before 12 on the

evening or the Christmas Eve this is a

presentation of the search of the Virgin

Mary and Saint Joseph for the in where

to deliver the baby Jesus

foreign

[Music]

is an Easter play that dramatizes the

meeting of horizon Christ and his mother

it is still presented in many Philippine

Towns now this is usually celebrated

every April during Lenten season

[Music]

foreign

place during the Spanish colonization we

have the Carrillo or Shadow play now

this is a form of dramatic entertainment

performed on a moonless night during the

town Fiesta or on dark nights um after a

harvest season now this Shadow play is

made by projecting cardboard figures

before a lump against a white sheet no

the figures are moved like a marionette

uh whose dialogues are produced by some

experts

foreign

play during the Spanish colonization is

the zarzuela no these are swalla

considered as the father of the drama it

is a musical comedy or melodrama

um three acts which dealt with a man's

passion and emotions like love hate

Revenge cruelty avarice ER or social or

political problems

another Recreation played during the

Spanish colonization is

this was a short musical comedy popular

during the 18th century they were

exaggerated comedies shown between

um acts of long plays and were mostly

performed by characters from the lower

classes themes were taken from everyday

life scenarios

[Music]

foreign

we also have another play or Recreation

place during the Spanish colonization we

have the moro moral now tomorrow like

the cinecolo the murmuro is presented

also on a special stage now this is

performed during a town fiestas to

entertain the people and to remind them

of their Christian religion

now the plot or is usually the same uh

that of Christian princess or a

nobleman's daughter who is captured by a

muhammadan's now the father organizes a

rescue party

um we're fighting between the morals and

the Christian ends you

[Music]

another Recreation played during the

Spanish colonization we have the

karagatan now this is a poetic uh

vehicle of a social religious nature

celebrated during the death of person in

this context more or less formal a

ritual is performed based on a legend

about the princess who dropped her ring

into the middle of the sea and who

offered her hand in marriage to anyone

who can retrieve it

now we also have Duplo now the Duplo

replace the karagatan this is a poetic

joust

um in speech and wrestling the roles are

taken from the Bible and from Proverbs

and sayings it is usually played during

the weeks for the Dead

foreign

debate on a particular topic or issue

now this replaced the Duplo and is held

to honor Francisco balagtas or Balthazar

[Music]

we also have the dong this is a chant in

free verse by a very person or his

representative beside the curbs of the

Dead no definite Mater or rhyming scheme

is used this person or the person

chanting it freely decides or resides in

Poetic rhyme according to his feelings

emotions and thoughts it is a

personalized and usually deals with the

life sufferings and sacrifices of the

Dead

um and includes apologies for his

misdeeds

foreign

literary piece under the Spanish

colonization we have the awit and

Corrido now out and Corrido the term

awit and Corrido are both related to

music now how it is the Tagalog word for

song while the Spanish word is the

Corrido now which means a metrical story

usually sung to the accompaniment of a

guitar

[Music]

all right so after the um Spanish

colonization we have a short period

which is unnamed as Period of

Enlightenment now in this period there

were writers who published books that

enlightened Filipino people against the

Spanish colonization now with this

they've been moved Filipinos were moved

by uh these writers also

um changed their life disposition now

some of these literary pieces includes

the writings of Jose Rizal now one of it

is

we also have some literary piece during

The Period of Enlightenment

um some of Del pilar's writing now we

have pag-ibig satinubuang Lupa love the

country

be careful and the salon

prayers and jokes

[Music]

we also have other literary pieces which

was written by

um girls Channel Lopez heena

[Music]

foreign