Philippine Modernity and Popular Culture: An Onto Historical Inquiry

Summary

The script explores the evolution of Philippine modernity and popular culture through historical periods of Spanish and American colonization, the 20th century, and into the 21st century. It delves into changes in governance, education, architecture, language, agriculture, media, and technology, highlighting the cultural shifts each era introduced. The summary also touches on the impact of the third and fourth industrial revolutions, the rise of social media, and the influence of K-pop and J-pop on contemporary Philippine music.

Takeaways

• 🕊️ Modernity is characterized by a significant shift from past human experiences, while modernization is the transition from traditional to modern societies.
• 🏛️ Spanish colonization introduced a centralized government system, altering the pre-colonial barangay system and impacting the cultural landscape of the Philippines.
• 🏫 The establishment of schools and the spread of Catholicism during the Spanish period led to the integration of Spanish language and culture into Filipino society.
• 🏢 The introduction of stone buildings and the decline of the native 'baha'i kubo' marked a shift in architectural styles and the adoption of new construction techniques.
• 📝 The Latin alphabet and Spanish language replaced the native Babayin script, signifying a major change in the system of writing and language.
• 🌾 Spanish colonialism influenced agricultural practices, introducing private land ownership and commercial farming, which modernized the agricultural sector.
• 📰 The emergence of the Philippine press during the Spanish period played a pivotal role in the quest for independence and the shaping of national identity.
• 🇺🇸 American period modernization introduced democratic governance, political participation, and economic gains, significantly altering the political culture.
• 📚 The American period saw the expansion of the public school system and the emphasis on English language education, which contributed to the formation of a national identity.
• 💃 Popular culture during the Spanish and American periods included the adoption of Spanish language, festivities, cuisines, and last names, as well as the influence of American individualistic culture and consumer habits.
• 📻 The 20th century brought advancements in science and technology, the rise of mass media, and the development of the Philippine cinema and original Pilipino music (OPM), reflecting the evolving cultural landscape.

Q & A

What is modernity and how does it differ from modernization?

Modernity is defined as the condition of social existence that is significantly different from all past forms of human experience. Modernization, on the other hand, refers to the transitional process of moving from traditional to modern societies.

What was the pre-colonial system of government in the Philippines called, and how did it function?

The pre-colonial system of government in the Philippines was called 'barangay,' which was headed by a village chief known as 'datu' or 'adatu.'

How did the Spanish colonization influence the system of law and government in the Philippines?

Spanish colonization established a centralized colonial government in the Philippines, composed of a national government and local governments that administered provinces, cities, towns, and municipalities, thus changing the cultural system of law.

What was the role of Spanish education in the transformation of Philippine society during the colonial period?

Spanish education played a major role in the transformation by creating the oldest universities, colleges, and vocational schools dating back to the late 16th century, as well as the first modern public education system in Asia established in 1863.

How did the introduction of stone buildings during the Spanish period impact Philippine architecture?

The introduction of stone buildings during the Spanish period, such as San Agustin Church and the Lapa Church, led to the modern style of building stone houses and changed the architectural landscape of the Philippines.

What were the significant changes in the agricultural sector due to Spanish colonialism?

Spanish colonialism introduced private land ownership, the exaction of tribute payments, labor services, enforced silk of crops, and the intensification of commercial farming, which modernized the traditional agricultural practices of Filipino natives.

What was the impact of the early Philippine press on the country's quest for freedom and independence?

The early Philippine press played a critical role in the nation's quest for freedom and independence by inspiring the Philippine revolution against Spain, the first challenge by an Asian people against Western colonialism.

How did the American period of modernization influence the political culture and system of government in the Philippines?

The American period introduced branches of government, political party systems, bureaucracy, elections, democratic rights, and liberalism, which significantly changed the Filipino political culture and system of government.

What were some popular cultural elements during the Spanish period in the Philippines?

Popular cultural elements during the Spanish period included the Spanish language as the official language, festivities like the festival of San Diego, cultural holidays, Spanish cuisines, and Spanish last names due to the implementation of a Spanish naming system.

How did the American period contribute to the development of popular culture in the Philippines?

The American period contributed to the development of an individualistic culture, the widespread teaching of the English language, the adoption of Western fashion, food staples like hamburgers and ice cream, and popular dances influenced by American rhythm.

What advancements characterized the 20th century modernization in the Philippines?

The 20th century modernization in the Philippines was characterized by the third industrial revolution, which brought electronics, telecommunications, and computers, and advancements in science and technology, including the establishment of the National Academy of Science and Technology.

How did the emergence of Philippine television impact the country's modernity and popular culture?

The emergence of Philippine television in 1953 impacted the country's modernity and popular culture by becoming a competitive industry and spreading cultural knowledge and artistic works, influencing society and shaping media systems.

What is the significance of the fourth industrial revolution in the 21st century Philippine modernization?

The fourth industrial revolution, which arose in 2011, modernized the Philippines in the 21st century by introducing a fusion of advances in artificial intelligence, robotics, the internet of things, 3D printing, genetic engineering, and quantum computing, impacting cultural changes and emerging popular cultures through the digital world.

What popular cultural trends emerged in the 21st century Philippines?

Popular cultural trends in the 21st century Philippines include social media, K-pop and J-pop influences, beauty trends in skin care, foreign clothing styles and brands, selfie trends, vlogging, online shopping, and the rise of P-pop music.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 Modernity and Cultural Shifts in the Philippines

Jose McAfee discusses the concept of modernity as a significant departure from past human experiences and modernization as the transition from traditional to modern societies. The historical inquiry presents a timeline of Philippine modernization from the Spanish colonial period to the 25th century, highlighting the impact on cultural changes. Key elements include the Spanish introduction of centralized government, education, religion, stone architecture, the Latin alphabet, and agricultural advancements. The period also saw the emergence of the Philippine press, influencing the quest for freedom and independence.

05:02

🏛 Spanish Colonial Influences on Philippine Culture

The Spanish period introduced the Spanish language, officializing it for over three centuries, and influenced festivities and cuisine. Spanish last names became common, reflecting the cultural impact. The American period brought further modernization with an improved system of government, public education, economic growth, and the spread of American culture. English language and American cultural elements like fashion and food became popular, reflecting the changing cultural landscape.

10:04

📚 American Influence and Technological Advancements

During the American period, the Philippines saw the introduction of a public school system, economic modernization with a significant increase in American goods, and the development of a national identity influenced by American culture. The 20th century brought the third industrial revolution, advancements in science and technology, the emergence of television, and the growth of Philippine cinema. Original Pilipino Music (OPM) also evolved, reflecting the sentimental character of Filipino pop culture.

15:05

🎥 Evolution of Philippine Cinema and Music

The formative years of Philippine cinema from the 1930s were marked by the discovery of film as an art medium, with nationalistic films gaining popularity. The 1950s marked the first golden age of Philippine cinema with artistic and mature films. Popular music in the 20th century showcased a variety of songs and movie themes, with artists like Pilita Corrales and Sylvia Latorre gaining prominence. The 21st century saw the rise of P-pop, influenced by K-pop and J-pop, and the Philippines becoming a hub for social media and digital culture.

20:08

🌟 21st Century Modernization and Cultural Trends

The 21st century brought the fourth industrial revolution, impacting the Philippines with advancements in AI, robotics, and digital technologies. Telecommunication was liberalized, leading to a boom in mobile services and the Philippines becoming the global capital of text messaging. Social media became a significant part of Filipino internet culture, with Filipinos being the most active users. Popular music saw a metamorphosis with the rise of P-pop, influenced by Asian music trends, and the popularity of K-pop and J-pop among millennials. The era also saw the rise of social media, K-pop beauty trends, foreign clothing styles, and online shopping as part of the popular culture.

Keywords

💡Modernity

Modernity is defined as the condition of social existence that is significantly different from all past forms of human experience. In the video, it is the overarching theme that discusses the transformation of societies from traditional to modern forms, particularly in the context of the Philippines. The script uses the term to explore the cultural and societal shifts that have occurred due to various historical influences, such as Spanish and American colonization, and more recent technological advancements.

💡Modernization

Modernization refers to the transitional process of moving from traditional to modern societies. The script outlines the timeline of modernization in the Philippines, highlighting the changes in governance, education, architecture, and other aspects of society that have contributed to the country's progress. It is a key concept that helps to understand the historical inquiry presented in the video.

💡Cultural Change

Cultural change is the transformation of a society's customs, beliefs, and practices over time. The video script discusses how modernization has allowed for cultural changes in the Philippines, influenced by different periods of colonization and the adoption of new technologies and ideas. Examples include the adoption of the Spanish language and the changes in architectural styles during the Spanish period.

💡Colonial Period

The colonial period refers to the era when the Philippines was under the rule of foreign powers, such as Spain and the United States. The script describes how the Spanish colonial period introduced a centralized government system, education, and religious conversion, which significantly altered the cultural landscape of the Philippines. The American period is also mentioned, with its impact on the political system and economic modernization.

💡Education System

The education system is the structured approach to teaching and learning in a country. The video script highlights the establishment of schools and universities during the Spanish colonial period and the introduction of a modern public education system in Asia. The American period further developed the education system, emphasizing English language education and contributing to the formation of a national identity.

💡Agricultural Advancement

Agricultural advancement refers to the development and improvement in farming practices and land management. The script discusses how Spanish colonialism introduced private land ownership and commercial farming, which modernized the agricultural practices of Filipino natives and transitioned them from subsistence farming to a more market-oriented economy.

💡Media Emergence

Media emergence marks the beginning of mass communication through newspapers, television, and other forms of media. The video script notes the early Philippine press's role in the nation's quest for freedom and independence, as well as the impact of television on Philippine modernity and popular culture in the 20th century.

💡Industrial Revolution

The industrial revolution refers to a period of significant technological, economic, and cultural change that led to the development of industrial societies. The script mentions the third and fourth industrial revolutions in the context of the Philippines, detailing their impact on technology, science, and the digital world, which have shaped modern Filipino society.

💡Popular Culture

Popular culture encompasses the ideas, perspectives, attitudes, and values that are within a culture at a given time and are favored by the general public. The video script explores various aspects of popular culture in the Philippines, such as language, cuisine, festivals, and music, which have been influenced by both historical events and modernization.

💡Social Media

Social media refers to websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or participate in social networking. The video script highlights the rise of social media in the 21st century, noting how Filipinos have become some of the most active users on platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, and how social media has become an integral part of Filipino internet culture.

💡Original Pilipino Music (OPM)

Original Pilipino Music (OPM) is a genre of music composed and performed by Filipinos. The script discusses the evolution of OPM from the 1950s to the 21st century, noting its transformation into a mainstream genre with a wide variety of styles and influences, including K-pop and J-pop, and the emergence of popular OPM artists who have contributed to the genre's growth and popularity.

Highlights

Modernity is defined as the condition of social existence significantly different from past forms of human experience.

Modernization in the Philippines is a historical inquiry covering from the Spanish colonial period to the 25th century.

Spanish colonization introduced a centralized colonial government, changing the pre-colonial barangay system.

Spanish education played a major role in the transformation of the Philippine education system, with the establishment of the first modern public education system in Asia in 1863.

The introduction of stoned houses and buildings during the Spanish period marked a shift in architectural styles.

The Latin alphabet and Spanish language were introduced, leading to the decline of the pre-Spanish writing system, Babayin.

Agricultural advancement during Spanish colonialism included the institution of private land ownership and commercial farming.

The emergence of the Philippine media during the Spanish period played a critical role in the nation's quest for freedom and independence.

American period modernization introduced a system of government with greater political participation and economic gains.

The American period established a public school system and emphasized English language education to spread cultural values.

Economic modernization during the American period saw a significant increase in American goods and the dominance of American companies in the Philippine economy.

20th-century modernization in the Philippines marked the beginning of the third industrial revolution with the rise of electronics, telecommunications, and computers.

The advancement of science and technology in the Philippines was supported by the establishment of the National Academy of Science and Technology.

The emergence of Philippine television in 1953 had a significant impact on the country's modernity and popular culture.

Philippine cinema experienced a golden age in the 1950s with the emergence of more artistic and mature films.

Original Filipino Music (OPM) evolved from the 1950s to become a catch-all description for all popular music composed and performed by Filipinos.

The 21st century brought the fourth industrial revolution, impacting cultural changes through digital advancements and social media.

Liberalization of telecommunication in the Philippines led to the rise of mobile services and the country becoming the global capital of text messaging.

Social media has become an integral part of Filipino internet culture, with Filipinos being the most active users on various platforms.

Philippine pop music in the 21st century has seen significant growth and influence from K-pop and J-pop, reflecting the resurgence of Asian identity.

Transcripts

good day i'm jose mcafee

and i will tackle about the philippine

modernity and popular culture

and onto historical inquiry so

first what is modernity modernity is

defined as the condition of social

existence

that is significantly different to all

past forms of human experience

while modernization refers to the

transitional process

of moving from traditional to modern

societies so in fact

we need the complex process of

indianization

to achieve modernity to present a

historical inquiry

we have here the timeline of

modernization in the philippines

from the spanish colonial period until

the 25th century

it presents the modernization process

the transitions and the popular cultures

during its modernization these

modernizations created a big impact

on the cultural changes in the

philippine history

after the modern day as the

modernization allows

culture to change over time so now

let's look for some modernization during

the spanish period

the first one is the system of

government

in pre-colonial period we have own

system of government

which called barangay was headed and

told by adatu

village chief who was also known as

but transition began when the spanish

colonization started

spain established a centralized colonial

government in the philippines

that was composed of a national

government and the local government

that administered provinces cities

towns and municipalities thus the

culture in the system of law was changed

next is the foundation of schools and

religion

spanish education played a major role in

that transformation

the oldest universities colleges and

vocational schools

dating as far back as the late 16th

century

were created during the colonial period

as well as the first modern public

education system in asia established in

1863.

during the early years of spanish

colonization

education was mostly run by the church

thus

the new culture in education was

penetrated to filipino natives

spanish priors and missionaries educated

the natives and converted

indigenous populations to the catholic

faith

the next is stoned houses and buildings

natives in the philippines during

pre-colonial era

uses the baha'i kubo or nipah

but in the spanish period building

landmarks using stones was introduced

in the 16th century such as san agustin

church

church and this was the le pena chapel

which also led to the modern style of

building stone houses

the next is system of writing and

language

babayim is a pre-spanish philippine

writing system

it is a member of the brahmic family and

is recorded as being in use in the 16th

century

but in the spanish period colonization

under spain

came the latin alphabet and the decline

in the mental disuse of baby

spanish missionaries who served as the

first teachers in the island

thought converted filiphino's

catholicism

the latin alphabet and the spanish

language

which became a new acosta modern system

of language and writing

during spanish period next is

the agricultural advancement spanish

colonialism

drew many of the formerly independent

and subsistence

farming settlements into the mainstream

of feudalism

notable among the major changes brought

about

and which subsequently paved the way

forward

the growth at the bsnp were the

institution of private land ownership

the exaction of tribute payments

labor services enforced silk of crops

and the intensification of commercial

farming

during the latter part of the 18th

century

these changes transitioned the

traditional way in agriculture

of filipino natives which modernized

the custom agricultural farming

lastly is the philippine media emergence

the early philippine press gave an

emergence of media in the philippines

which impacted our culture and modernity

it mainly played

critical role in the nation's quest for

freedom

and independence thus the pantheon of

our national heroes

includes such journalists as

jose rizal the chanel office haina

mariano ponce

antonio luna to name a few their

writings

inspired the philippine revolution

against spain

the first challenge by an asian people

against

western colonials what are some popular

cultures

during the spanish period it includes

the spanish language as the official

language of the country

for more than three centuries under

spanish colonial rule

and became the lingua franca the

philippines in the 19th and

early 20th centuries festivities

such as the festival of the san diego

cultural holidays such as new year's day

holiday week or easter also stay all

sense day

nacho buena and his mistake

spanish cuisines we're all from the

influence

of spanish culture such as apritada

arose a level in china

orozcaldo bistek brazil de mercedes and

many more

spanish last names such as de los santos

and many others which during

spanish conquest of the philippine

islands and its

implementation of a spanish naming

system

so now let's go to the modernization

during american period

the first is the system of government

united states improved economy and

systems government

where the filipinos had greater

political participation

and more economic gains the americans

introduces branches of government

political party system bureaucracy

elections

democratic rights and liberalism which

gave a great change in the filipino

political culture as well as in the

system of government

american belief in the importance of the

rule of law define its political

approach to the philippines

with its law and constitutional

traditions replicated

in their new possessions and applying to

americans and natives alike

it is also served as the justification

for taking possessions of the island

along with the theory that they were as

of yet incapable

of democratic self-governance

next is the education in public school

system

philippine educational system during

american period established the primary

public school in 1901 and intermediate

school

in 1904 which provided free

public education thomasites was the

group of professionals

sent by the united states government who

were assigned to teach

english language education became a very

important issue for the united states

colonial government

since it allowed it to spread their

cultural values

particularly the english language to the

filipino people

instruction in english language and

american history

lead to forming of a national identity

in filipino nationalism

filipinos also rework forms and elements

from

american popular culture especially in

films

fashion and literature

in addition this period saw the

development of popular

and literary culture in other philippine

languages

next economic modernization

american goods comprise only 7 percent

of philippine imports in 1899

but had grown to 66 percent by 1934

these goods include farm machinery

cigarettes

meat and dairy products and cotton cloth

this became the start of engagement of

many filipinos in terms of enjoying

imported products and changed some

cultures in product

preference free trade promoted

us investment and american companies

came to dominate philippine factories

meals and refineries

filipino nationalists during american

period

feared of economic and political

dependence on the united states

as well as the over-specialization of

the philippine

economy around primary products over

reliance on u.s markets

and the political inducements of

american businesses

in the indefinite colonial retention of

the philippine islands

what are some popular cultures during

american period

it includes individualistic culture

which was penetrated to filipino ideas

during the american period to create a

demand for democracy

and equality before the law as well as

limited government provided

under democracy that helps to protect

individual freedom

english language which widely taught all

over the country during american

occupation

floating style for men such as suits

polo shirts thighs and jeans for women

dresses high-heeled shoes and handbags

for foods western food staples like

hamburgers fries sandwiches steak and

ice

cream which quickly became

popular among the filipinos eventually

capturing their hearts and influencing

their lifestyle

by the 1900s filipinos began to eat

cereals for breakfast

besides the usual pandisel weekly

growing an affinity towards american

food they also developed

recipes that incorporated western

ingredients

as well for popular dance

during the colonization of america the

dance has created a great impact

to filipinos american rhythm is frenzy

and cheerful

one of the dances is boogie woogie and

disco dancing is widely

known to filipinos and now

for the 20th century modernization in

the philippines

we have the beginning of the third

industrial revolution

the third revolution brought forth the

rise of electronics telecommunications

and of course computers through the new

technologies

the third industrial revolution opened

the doors to

space expedition research and

biotechnology

next is the science and technology

advancement

national academy of science and

technology in 1976

established to help scientists experts

in science and technology

it was during the fifth republic where

government provided 3005

scholarships for students who are

interested in taking up course

related to science and technology

schools became modernized and updated by

having additional high-tech equipment

it was also during this time when the

science and technology personnel

were given priority by the government by

approving the republic act number 849 in

1997

which is entitled magna carta for

science and technology

personnel its purpose is to give

incentives and rewards to people who

made an

impact and was influential in the field

of science and technology

while during president joseph strada

terms

the internet age was pushed for the

advancement of schools

and industry next is the mass media in

the philippines

in 1953 marked the official television

broadcast in the philippines

the emergence of philippine television

gave an impact on the philippine

modernity in popular cultures

philippine television broadcast a highly

competitive industry with two major

television stations

voting for the number one spot namely

abs-cbn and gma network

different societies have different media

systems and the way they are set up by

law influences

how the society works different forms

of communication including messages

intermediate cube shape

and structures to philippine society

additionally

mass media outlets spread cultural

knowledge and artistic works

around the world next the philippine

cinema

the formative years of philippine cinema

starting from 1930s

were a time of discovery in the film

genre as a new medium of art

script and characterizations in films

came from popular theater and familiar

local literature

nationalistic films were also quite

popular

although they were labeled as being too

subversive

the 1940s and the war brought to the

philippine cinema

the consciousness of reality movie teams

consisting primarily of war and heroism

had proven to be a huge hit among local

audiences

the 1950s saw the first golden age of

philippine cinema

with the emergence of more artistic and

mature films

and significant improvement in cinematic

techniques

among filmmakers last is the popular

music opm

of the 20th century original filipino

music

now more commonly termed opm originally

referred

only to a genre of philippine pop songs

mostly ballads

that became popular after the collapse

of its predecessor

the manila sound of the late 1970s

currently however the term opm

has been a catch-all description for all

popular music composed

and performed by filipinos originating

from the philippines

prior to the 1970s emergence of opm

from the 1950s through the 1960s

popular music in the philippines was a

varied showcase

four songs in vernacular and movie

themes

interpreted by recording artists such as

pilita corrales silvia latorre robin

tagalog

helen gamboa filma santos edgar mortis

carmen camacho among many others what

are some popular cultures

during 20th century in terms of consumer

technology products

the walkman this man and walkie-talkies

was a success and became

an icon in 1980s culture opm through the

1990s

to the 2000s opm pop

was regularly showcased in the live band

scene

groups such as neocolors side a

intro voice that it jano true faith

passage and freestyle properly song that

clearly reflects

the sentimental character of opm pop of

this year

in filipino europe francis magalona

the genre soon entered the mainstream

with francis magalona dibu

album yo in 1990

which included the nationalistic hit

mahaka

became a superstar in local cinemas

there were popular cinemas during the

20th century including

the orasanginto princepe amante

ohau ogdatin sadulo and mainila

samhafophono aguila

now let's move on to the 21st century

philippine modernization first is the

fourth industrial

revolution the fourth industrial

revolution

which believed arose in 2011

modernized the philippines in the 21st

century

which made a great impact on cultural

changes such

as emerging popular cultures through the

digital world

in fourth industrial revolution a fusion

of advances into artificial intelligence

robotics the internet of things 3d

printing genetic engineering

quantum computing and other technologies

it's the collective force behind many

products

and services that are fast becoming

indispensable

to modern life it includes gps systems

that suggest the fastest route to a

destination

voice activated virtual assistants such

as

apple siri personalized

netflix recommendations and facebook's

ability to recognize faces and tag

in a friend's photo next is the

liberalization

of telecommunication under the rama's

administration

a coalition named the movement for

reliable and efficient pawn system

was formed with a goal of liberalizing

the telecommunication industry

players arises such as club telecom

pldt and smart cellular mobile services

began in the country only in 1991.

in may 2000 the number of cellular phone

subscribers

exceeded the number of fixed line

subscribers

this is because of the spotted teleport

service and high cost

of fixed line subscriptions it was also

seen how sms

is affordable this led to the

philippines has become the global

capital of text messaging

which was a feature of the mobile phone

that was ignored by other countries

next the rise of the social media social

networking is the one of the most

active web-based activities in the

philippines with filipinos being

declared as the most active users on a

number of web-based

social media sites such as facebook

instagram snapchat and twitter

the use of social networking websites

has become so extensive in the

philippines

that the country has been tagged as

the social media capital of the world

and has also become part of filipino

internet culture

last is the popular music of 21st

century

from 2010 to 2020 philippine pop

music or p-pup went through a huge

metamorphosis in its increased

quality budget investment and variety

much in the country's rapid economic

growth and and

accompanying social and cultural

resurgence of its asian identity

this was heard by heavy influence from

k-pop and j-pop

a growth in asian-style ballads idol

groups

and eddie and music endless reliance on

western

genres mirroring the korean wave and

similar japanese wave popularity

among the millennial filipinos and

mainstream culture

famous p-pop music artists who had

defined the growth of this now

mainstream genre

include the word impact sarah gerenomo

sb19 first one casey tandingan

eric santos ian constantino ml48

regime velazquez bgyo and depop

generator what are some popular cultures

during 21st century it includes social

media

kpop beauty trends in skin care foreign

clothing styles and brands

selfies trends of smartphone users

vlogging online shoppings and many other

work