Meteorology part 1

John Turczak
7 May 202037:31

Summary

TLDREl guion ofrece una explicación detallada sobre la relación entre la dirección del viento y las áreas de alta y baja presión, así como el concepto de frentes fríos y cálidos en meteorología. Se discuten los tipos de nubes y sus alturas aproximadas, y se profundiza en el proceso de convección, desde el desarrollo de termales hasta la interpretación de diagramas teóricos y su aplicación práctica. El presentador planea sesiones adicionales para profundizar en estos temas, destacando la importancia de comprender estos conceptos para la navegación y el vuelo.

Takeaways

  • 🌪️ La relación entre la dirección del viento y las áreas de presión alta y baja es fundamental en meteorología: el aire fluye hacia las áreas de baja presión y se aleja de las de alta presión.
  • 🔄 En el hemisferio norte, los vientos giran de manera horaria alrededor de las áreas de alta presión y antihoraria alrededor de las de baja presión debido a la fuerza de Coriolis.
  • 📉 El aire que se eleva crea áreas de baja presión, mientras que el aire descendente genera áreas de alta presión, lo que es básico en física.
  • 🌬️ La dirección del viento en un mapa sinóptico se ve afectada por la fricción terrestre, especialmente cerca del suelo, lo que puede cambiar la dirección del viento en relación a las isobars.
  • 🌦️ Los frentes fríos y cálidos son fenómenos importantes en la meteorología que conllevan cambios en las condiciones climáticas, incluyendo la nubosidad, la presión y el viento.
  • ❄️ Los frentes fríos son caracterizados por una masa de aire frío que avanza y empuja el aire cálido por encima, suele haber un aumento en la velocidad del viento y activity convectiva.
  • 🔥 Los frentes cálidos indican que el aire cálido avanza sobre el aire frío, suelen presentarse con una progresión lenta y un aumento en las nubes y la precipitación.
  • 🌤️ Las nubes son clasificadas según su altura y tipo, desde las altas como cirro o cirrocumulus hasta las bajas como stratus o cumulus.
  • ♨️ La convección es el proceso por el cual el aire cálido se eleva y puede formar termales, que son esferas de aire cálido que se elevan desde la superficie terrestre.
  • 📊 Los lapsos adiabáticos, tanto secos como saturados, son medidas de la tasa a la que el aire se enfría mientras se eleva; son claves para entender el desarrollo de las nubes y los termales.
  • 🌡️ La estabilidad y la inestabilidad del aire son condiciones que afectan el desarrollo de las nubes y los termales; la inestabilidad puede llevar a la formación de cumulus y nubes de precipitación.

Q & A

  • ¿Qué es la relación básica entre la dirección del viento y las áreas de presión alta y baja?

    -El aire fluye hacia las áreas de baja presión y se aleja de las áreas de alta presión. En el hemisferio norte, los vientos giran en sentido horario alrededor de las áreas de alta presión y en sentido antihorario alrededor de las áreas de baja presión debido a la fuerza de Coriolis.

  • ¿Cómo afecta la fricción terrestre la dirección del viento en el nivel del suelo?

    -La fricción terrestre cambia la dirección del viento. Alrededor de sistemas de baja presión, el viento se curva aproximadamente 30 grados hacia fuera del centro, mientras que alrededor de sistemas de alta presión, el viento se curva hacia adentro.

  • ¿Qué son los frentes y cómo se relacionan con los cambios en las condiciones climáticas?

    -Los frentes son demarcaciones entre dos masas de aire de diferente densidad y temperatura. Los frentes fríos y cálidos son importantes ya que causan cambios en la nubosidad, la presión, las condiciones del viento y a menudo traen precipitación.

  • ¿Cuáles son las características de un frente frío?

    -Un frente frío se caracteriza por el aire frío que avanza y empuja el aire cálido por encima de él, lo que puede causar rápidas precipitaciones y un aumento en la velocidad del viento. Después de su paso, se puede esperar cielo claro y condiciones más frescas.

  • ¿Cómo se identifican los frentes fríos en un mapa sinóptico?

    -En un mapa sinóptico, los frentes fríos se representan con una línea azul con puntas hacia arriba. Indican que el aire frío está avanzando y empujando bajo el aire cálido.

  • ¿Cuáles son las características de un frente cálido?

    -Un frente cálido se caracteriza por el aire cálido que avanza y sube sobre el aire frío más denso. Esto puede llevar a una progresiva construcción de nubes y eventualmente a precipitaciones持续性降雨。

  • ¿Cómo se identifican los frentes cálidos en un mapa sinóptico?

    -En un mapa sinóptico, los frentes cálidos se representan con una línea con ondas o undulaciones. Significan que el aire cálido está avanzando y subiendo sobre el aire frío.

  • ¿Qué es la convección y cómo está relacionada con la formación de termales?

    -La convección es el proceso por el cual el aire caliente se eleva debido a que es menos denso que el aire frío circundante. La formación de termales es un resultado de la convección, donde el aire caliente se levanta desde la superficie terrestre, a menudo en respuesta a la radiación solar durante el día.

  • ¿Qué es la tasa de caída adiabática seca y cómo se relaciona con la formación de nubes?

    -La tasa de caída adiabática seca es la cantidad de enfriamiento que experimenta un paquete de aire seco al ascender en la atmósfera sin la presencia de humedad. Se cae a un ritmo de 3 grados Celsius por cada 1000 pies de altura. La formación de nubes ocurre cuando el aire se vuelve saturado y las gotas de agua condensan, generalmente cuando el aire alcanza su punto de condensación al ascender.

  • ¿Cómo se relaciona la tasa de caída con la estabilidad y la inestabilidad del aire?

    -La tasa de caída se relaciona con la estabilidad del aire en el sentido de que una tasa de caída adiabática seca alta puede indicar que el aire es estable y no favorece la convección, mientras que una tasa de caída adiabática seca baja o una diferencia grande entre la tasa de caída adiabática seca y la tasa de caída ambiental puede indicar inestabilidad y favorecer la formación de termales y nubes.

  • ¿Qué es un diagrama tephigram y cómo se utiliza para entender la convección y la formación de nubes?

    -Un diagrama tephigram es una herramienta utilizada para representar la evolución de un paquete de aire a medida que se calienta o enfriá, y se eleva o se desplaza. Muestra las tasas de caída adiabáticas tanto secas como saturadas, lo que permite a los meteorólogos y pilotos de avión predictivos visualizar cómo se comportará el aire y cuándo es probable que se forme la convección y las nubes.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 Introducción a la Relación entre Dirección del Viento y Presiones Atmosféricas

El primer párrafo presenta una introducción a la relación entre la dirección del viento y las áreas de alta y baja presión. Se discute cómo el aire fluye hacia las áreas de baja presión y se aleja de las de alta presión. En el hemisferio norte, los vientos giran en sentido horario alrededor de las áreas de alta presión y en sentido antihorario alrededor de las de baja presión, debido a la fuerza de Coriolis. Se ilustra este concepto con un diagrama que muestra cómo el aire se mueve en relación con las áreas de presión alta y baja, destacando la importancia de entender estos principios básicos en la meteorología.

05:02

🌀 Comprender las Fronteras Atmosféricas y sus Características

Este párrafo se enfoca en la importancia de entender las fronteras en la meteorología, describiendo detalladamente las fronteras frías y cálidas, sus nubes, condiciones, cambios de presión y cambios de viento. Se mencionan los símbolos utilizados en los mapas sinópticos para representar estas fronteras y se discuten las condiciones que se pueden esperar cuando una frontera se aproxima, como el aumento de la velocidad del viento y la formación de un frente de rafaga. También se explora la idea de que las condiciones después de una frontera fría pueden ser ideales para la navegación aérea en paracaidismo.

10:05

🌤️ Diferencias entre Fronteras Frías y Cálidas en el Comportamiento del Viento

El tercer párrafo compara y contrasta las fronteras frías y cálidas, destacando cómo el aire se comporta de manera diferente alrededor de cada tipo de frontera. Se describe cómo las fronteras frías tienen un impacto más rápido y pueden causar tormentas, mientras que las fronteras cálidas se mueven más lentamente y pueden traer consigo una serie de nubes y precipitación. Se discuten las nubes asociadas con cada tipo de frontera y cómo los pilotos de avión pueden utilizar esta información para planificar vuelos de navegación aérea.

15:06

🌦️ Identificar y Comprender los Diferentes Tipos de Nubes

Este párrafo se centra en la identificación y comprensión de los diferentes tipos de nubes, desde las de alta altitud como el cirro hasta las de baja altitud como el estratus. Se proporciona una tabla que muestra los tipos de nubes, sus alturas aproximadas y si producen precipitación. Se enfatiza la importancia de distinguir entre los tipos de nubes para comprender mejor las condiciones meteorológicas.

20:07

🌡️ Conocimiento de la Conversión y Desarrollo de Calores Térmicos

El quinto párrafo explora el concepto de convicción y el desarrollo de los llamados 'calentamientos térmicos', que son esferas de aire cálido que se elevan desde la superficie debido a su menor densidad. Se discuten los términos clave como estabilidad e inestabilidad, y se explica cómo la tasa de caída adiabática se relaciona con el comportamiento de los calores térmicos. Se presentan diagramas para ilustrar cómo el aire se冷却 y se forma la nube cuando el aire se convierte de seco a saturado.

25:07

📊 Análisis de Tasas de Caída Adiabática y su Aplicación en la Meteorología

Este párrafo se enfoca en el análisis de las tasas de caída adiabática, que son fundamentales para entender cómo el aire se冷却 al elevarse y cómo esto afecta la formación de nubes y el comportamiento del viento. Se explica cómo la tasa de caída adiabática difiere para el aire seco y saturado y cómo estas tasas se relacionan con la estabilidad del aire. Se utilizan gráficos para ilustrar cómo los calores térmicos se comportan en diferentes condiciones de caída adiabática.

30:07

🌅 Comprender las Inversiones de Temperatura y su Relación con las Nubes

El séptimo párrafo describe cómo las inversiones de temperatura, donde la temperatura del aire aumenta con la altitud, afectan el comportamiento de los calores térmicos y la formación de nubes. Se discute cómo la inversión puede detener el ascenso de un calentamiento térmico y se ilustra cómo la base y la cima de las nubes se relacionan con la caída adiabática y la inversión. Se enfatiza la importancia de comprender estas condiciones para la predicción del tiempo y la navegación aérea.

35:08

⏱️ Conclusión y Planificación de la Siguiente Sesión

El último párrafo resume la información presentada y anuncia un descanso breve antes de continuar con la siguiente sesión. Se menciona la intención de abordar más temas relacionados con la meteorología y se invita a los participantes a unirse a una nueva reunión en breve. Se destaca la rapidez con la que se desarrolla el contenido y se sugiere la posibilidad de realizar una encuesta para ajustar el ritmo y el contenido de las futuras sesiones.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Coriolis

El efecto de Coriolis es una fuerza que influye en el movimiento de los objetos en la Tierra debido a la rotación de nuestro planeta. En el video, se relaciona con la dirección del viento, explicando cómo este se desvía debido a la fuerza de Coriolis, causando que los vientos en el hemisferio norte giren en sentido horario alrededor de áreas de alta presión y en sentido antihorario alrededor de áreas de baja presión.

💡Presión atmosférica

La presión atmosférica es la fuerza con la que el aire pesa sobre la superficie de la Tierra. En el video, se discute cómo el viento fluye desde áreas de alta presión hacia áreas de baja presión, y cómo esta diferencia de presión influye en la dirección y la fuerza del viento.

💡Frentes

Las frentes son boundaries entre masas de aire de diferente temperatura, humedad y presión. El video detalla cómo se forman y se comportan los frentes fríos y cálidos, y cómo afectan al tiempo, con ejemplos de cambios de presión, nubosidad y viento asociados a su paso.

💡Nubosidad

La nubosidad se refiere a la presencia de nubes en el cielo. El guion menciona varios tipos de nubes, como cirro, altostratus y nimbostratus, asociadas con frentes cálidos y fríos, y cómo estas pueden indicar el tipo de frente que se aproxima.

💡Termal

Un termal es una masa de aire cálido que se eleva desde la superficie de la Tierra. En el video, se explica cómo los termales se desarrollan debido a la convección, y cómo se pueden utilizar para predecir el comportamiento del viento y la formación de nubes.

💡Lapse rate

El lapse rate, o tasa de disminución de temperatura, se refiere a la cantidad de caída de temperatura a medida que el aire se eleva. Es fundamental para entender la convección y la formación de termales, como se discute en el video.

💡Convección

La convección es el proceso por el cual el aire caliente se eleva y el aire frío se desplaza hacia la superficie. Es clave para entender cómo se forman los termales y cómo estos pueden llevar a la formación de nubes y cambios en el tiempo.

💡Estabilidad

La estabilidad del aire se refiere a la tendencia del aire a resistirse o no a la formación de termales y nubes. En el video, se menciona cómo la estabilidad afecta la capacidad del aire para ascender y formarse en nubes.

💡Inversión

Una inversión es una situación en la que la temperatura del aire aumenta con la altura, lo que inhibe la convección. En el video, se describe cómo una inversión puede detener el ascenso de un termal.

💡Diagrama de sounding

Un diagrama de sounding es una representación gráfica de la temperatura, la humedad y la presión a diferentes alturas en el aire. En el video, se utiliza para ilustrar cómo se pueden predecir las condiciones del termal y la formación de nubes.

Highlights

Introduction to the basic cover of the pilot exam syllabus.

Importance of understanding the relationship between wind direction and areas of high and low pressure.

Air flows towards low pressure and away from high pressure.

In the northern hemisphere, wind blows clockwise around highs and anti-clockwise around lows due to Coriolis force.

Basic concept of air rising in low pressure areas and descending in high pressure areas.

Explanation of how Coriolis force affects wind direction.

Local Buys Balance Law and its application in understanding wind direction.

Difference in wind direction at different altitudes, especially the effect of ground friction.

Understanding fronts, specifically cold fronts and warm fronts, and their typical conditions.

Description of a cold front, including its impact on wind, temperature, and precipitation.

Characteristics of warm fronts, including cloud development and slow movement.

Introduction to occluded fronts and their appearance on synoptic charts.

Identification of common high, medium, and low cloud types and their approximate heights.

Explanation of convection, birth, and development of thermals.

Understanding lapse rates and their role in thermal development.

Difference between dry adiabatic lapse rate and environmental lapse rate.

Demonstration of how a thermal rises and cools at different rates depending on whether it is dry or saturated.

Identification of cloud base and cloud top in relation to thermal development.

Practical application of understanding thermals for cross-country pilots.

Invitation for participants to join a follow-up session for further discussion.

Transcripts

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okay so I'm going to switch you to you

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just gonna meet everybody I'm just going

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to flip over to the shared screen

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and okay so we had a basic cover the

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[Music]

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then

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section of the pilot exam if you don't

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have a copy of the syllabus download it

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but they see I'm in a pretty much of

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organized like talk they easily pretty

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much follow the steps of the syllabus so

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we'll see how much we get through sent

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to me or 45 minutes if I can open up the

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Mike's for questions at some point I

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will but I'm not going to try and do all

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this and 45 defecates spread over a

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couple of weeks and we can also have

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like after that a question-and-answer

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session as well so let's go to the other

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one

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all right so I've got basic I have a

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PowerPoint which I'm going to is the

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basis of the talk and anyone who wants

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it if you drop I'll drop it on to

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telegram or contact me directly and I'll

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send you a copy of it anyway so first

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point is to understand the relationship

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between wind direction and areas of high

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and low pressure and the key points this

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are the air flows towards low pressure

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and away from high pressure in northern

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hemisphere wind blows knee lock wise

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direction around highs and anti

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clockwise around loads so this diagram

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basically should illustrate it here so

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you've got the area of low pressure

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okay listen disjoining so here we've got

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the red arrows going up which is the

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area of low pressure so this is rising

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air descending air the base your warmer

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air reason it's red is piglets will rear

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so Rises it goes up the descending air

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gives you high pressure and it's just a

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very basic concept if air is going up

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you have low pressure air is descending

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you get high pressure and as the and the

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air will flow from regions of high

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pressure to low pressure that's just

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it's just basic physics but air flows in

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that way and so it will go from high

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pressure to low pressure and because of

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Coriolis force it will then turn as it

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goes and then you then get this motion

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of around high pressure you get

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clockwise direction winds and around low

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pressure you get anti-clockwise so that

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message of your basic principle I've

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thrown this diagram in that you don't

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need to know this for the exam I've just

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basically put it in some people waiting

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in

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okay two more people just joining so yes

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it's there for information and to

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illustrate how Coriolis works but you

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don't have to understand how Coriolis

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works for the purpose of the actual exam

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itself next diagram on here two more

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trying to join this let min here we go

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so we just those just joined

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we're basically still on the first step

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here which is looking at this principle

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of reference book this one the air flows

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from high pressure to low pressure and

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low pressure is where they are going up

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high pressure is there when you make

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them and you basically this basic

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concept which is high pressure here on

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the on the left hand side going to low

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pressure on the right and the difference

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in the precious creates this sort of

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gray force which drives the wind because

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of Coriolis with your spins doesn't go

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in a straight line

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it ends up curving away and see then

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you'll start to see this pattern where

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it goes from high to low starts to curve

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down now it's gonna get anti clockwise

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around lows and it's gonna go clockwise

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around high that's basically all you

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need to know on that there is a little

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local buys by balance law which if you

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in northern hemisphere is person not

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coming sorry someone called Steve who

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keeps trying to keep letting him in he

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keeps bouncing back out again for some

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reason so in northern hemisphere the

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person standing with his back to the

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wind will have high pressure high

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pressure to its right and low pressure

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to his left and ie you can remember is

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low on your left

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[Music]

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and it's quite interesting actually do

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it they stop you on the hill and the

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winds blowing you'll get you can

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actually find give this yourself back to

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the wind and you'll see the high

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pressure on the high pressure trees

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right hand side and low pressure to

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let's see okay

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so great it wins so again this is basic

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idea wind blows from high pressure to

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low pressure

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if you when you are mentally isobars on

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here it's talking about on a synoptic

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chart when you're above a thousand

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meters so you're way away from ground

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effect wind direction will follow the

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Patna part will will blow parallel to

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isobars as you get closer to the ground

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and when you're actually down at ground

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level ground friction will change the

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direction of the wind so it's when winds

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going around a low-pressure system it

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doesn't go if you look at the isobars it

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will

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it'll lets you Bend about 30 degrees

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away from that in towards the center so

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just waiting and we'll look at that a

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little bit later look at synoptic shots

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later we'll see that effect on there but

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when you're asked to look at wind

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direction on a chart you have to bear in

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mind it's you look at the isobars and

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then you you add a factor about 30

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degrees to get the actual wind direction

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okay Smith okay stop Howard joining cool

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okay this is all to do with this first

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point which is just understand the

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relationship between wind direction and

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areas of high and low pressure I think

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that's fairly it's fairly

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straightforward let's get on to the next

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bit

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so the next chunk on this is to

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understand fronts on the syllabus it's

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to be able to describe in detail a cold

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front and a warm front typical clouds

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conditions pressure changes and wind

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changes and you should and what your

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final this is you do need to know this

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in a reason Matt of detail you will get

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typically there are questions on it

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where it will describe certain

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conditions and it stays as a cold

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brimmer's wolfram this is again the

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first minutes is like a bit of trivia

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you don't need to know this guy with the

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first person who named it but it's where

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the word front comes from basically oh

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and I named 1919 and it was born on for

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the first world war and the idea was

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this battle going on your trunks and

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that's that's where they came from so

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there's a three main types of weather

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front needs a strain on synoptic charts

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in case you don't know the words he

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knocked it sin not dick simply means a

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summary of the current situation nothing

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more fancy than that then weather turns

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it's the pressure pattern front wind

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direction speed etc so cold fronts so

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cold fronts have bit so here we you can

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see the cold air coming in from the left

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hand side and and so the cold front is

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meeting warning so it's cold cold air is

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coming in it's gonna drive the warm air

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up over the top of it and and some of

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the you'll get soaked device called

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after warm air they move quickly if

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you've been I didn't have anything

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actually been on the hill and you looked

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at a day when there's a front coming

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through and and the culprits think they

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arrived fast they don't take long time

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to get there and I've seen I've seen

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pilots get caught out by this where what

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they what they forget about as well as

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this point here which is expect expect

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to school as the front passes just ahead

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of the front so you've got this

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fast-moving air driving into this warmer

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and you get this gust front ahead of it

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and you'll notice that if you get if

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you're on a hill and a Whizzer give a

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good job you're having a front is going

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to get out if you can time it you'll

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notice the increase in wind speed just

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before the front comes through and I say

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it it if you get caught by that you're

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in really shitty air it's not good at

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all so that's so a quick look on a

play10:55

synoptic charcoal practice you is this

play10:58

blue line with the spikes on it

play11:04

so the presence of colder front means

play11:06

colder is advancing pushing underneath

play11:08

warmer air both one rate the the massive

play11:11

colder is heavier or more dense so it

play11:14

if the warmer air goes over top so these

play11:21

are your lane points

play11:24

and again this is sort of thing after

play11:28

this to go through take a look at and

play11:31

get to grips with it you know just sort

play11:34

of test yourself and whether you can

play11:35

remember these factors or not the main

play11:37

point that conference did by cold air

play11:39

from warm air ahead they have

play11:40

significant tile development cumulus

play11:43

Nimbus few Harbinger though is you don't

play11:49

get a lot of predictions on it they they

play11:52

just hit they move quickly

play11:54

they passed a matter of hours you can

play11:55

expect to squall the wind will be r as

play11:59

the front passes so back birra means

play12:05

it's going away from zero so it go like

play12:09

from zero to fifteen twenty thirty

play12:12

degrees back means even if you're thirty

play12:15

degrees it will go right back to zero so

play12:17

so beer is going in a clockwise

play12:21

direction back is in an anti-clockwise

play12:23

direction for these opposed looking at

play12:25

it

play12:27

precipitation is likely as the front

play12:29

passes very likely but you then get this

play12:31

clear fan as the ground warms and dries

play12:34

in the build-up of cumulus with sniffing

play12:38

risk of odor moment due to unstable

play12:40

moist air but this this factor here if

play12:45

they're often on you'll see a lot of

play12:47

cross country pilots looking for cold

play12:49

fronts Oh Damon a cold fronts coming

play12:52

through because on the day afterwards

play12:54

you get really you will normally get

play12:57

like really good cross-country

play12:59

conditions yes a bit unstable you've got

play13:01

humorless clouds it's good climbs it's

play13:07

it's it's good it's good cross-country

play13:09

weather so you'll often see on forums

play13:14

different things people - oh it's a

play13:15

culprit committee brilliant and then

play13:18

it's it's a good it's one of those

play13:20

classic days for going up to like 10 is

play13:23

value going like Cancun back down to the

play13:25

coast because you never see the wind

play13:27

swung around it's gone onto a Northwest

play13:29

lines up nicely your great conditions

play13:32

then you can go up and fly ok don't need

play13:36

to know that period Sam but it's just

play13:37

beautiful oak for actual being on the

play13:39

hill using that data ok warm prints so

play13:45

warm France symbolized by this line so

play13:53

the presence of a warm front means the

play13:55

warm air is advancing and so the one

play13:57

that will now rise over the cold air

play13:59

same principle the cold air drives

play14:01

underneath on the front that warm air

play14:03

will go over the top exactly the same

play14:05

principle so here we see like a warm

play14:12

front coming through and what so what

play14:16

you'll often see in advance of that is

play14:18

the high cirrus so you get a day you

play14:22

look up and see lots of Cirrus coming

play14:24

through then it's usually sort of a fair

play14:29

prediction that a warm front is on its

play14:32

way then you get this buildup of power

play14:36

layers of a warm front it starts with

play14:39

the Cirrus then you

play14:40

cirrostratus altostratus nimbostratus

play14:44

seriously you're getting this blanket of

play14:47

cloud with rain that follows on with it

play14:53

they're very different from a cold front

play14:57

so it divides warm up and cold has

play15:01

significant hardik Harbinger it is

play15:03

something that tells you something's

play15:04

coming so with warm fronts you get high

play15:06

cirrus halos around the Sun Stratus

play15:09

cloud lowering cloud based rain and as

play15:14

completely different from conference

play15:16

they moved slowly so a warm front can

play15:18

take days to pass through and that's

play15:21

those missions you get where you've got

play15:23

great layout no cloud-based drizzly

play15:26

horrible

play15:26

crappy weather warm front that's come

play15:29

through so again these are use neaten

play15:35

however you learn things sort of run

play15:38

through these I don't know how many of

play15:40

you memorize stuff just get used to

play15:42

looking at the diagrams going through

play15:45

where it takes writing them I'm going to

play15:49

mention these it's not on the pilot exam

play15:52

but just for completeness so the other

play15:55

fronts you get are occluded fronts again

play15:59

no not part of the exam Service Vice

play16:02

included for completeness on fronts so

play16:06

it's particularly when you start looking

play16:07

at synoptic charts this you'll see this

play16:10

a lot on a synoptic jog you'll see this

play16:11

mixture of colder wall front which is an

play16:13

occluded front and it's basically where

play16:19

the cold front catches up with a warm

play16:22

front not as warm air it's you've got a

play16:24

warm front going cold fronts no faster

play16:27

so it's quite common to get clued in

play16:29

front of it they'll catch up with them

play16:31

and then you get this phenomena Oh

play16:37

here's your this is your sort of line of

play16:39

the warm front cold front what it comes

play16:44

to catches it basically forms this area

play16:49

of warm moist air in between them

play17:00

there okay this one next point is beer

play17:07

to identify some common high medium and

play17:10

low cloud types and give their

play17:13

approximate hunt I do have a separate

play17:17

chart on this which I meant to cut on

play17:20

the screen which I don't know but I will

play17:21

send it out to you guys if you want it

play17:22

but basically the different cloud types

play17:28

you got Cirrus which is your high level

play17:31

cloud and again so it's made of ice

play17:35

crystals you get no precipitation from

play17:37

cirrus clouds all all the serious ones

play17:40

are basically too high for precipitation

play17:42

to return you're not going to get rain

play17:44

at twenty-five to thirty thousand feet

play17:46

it doesn't happen those particularly

play17:54

cumulus your mid-level mid low level

play17:57

convection clouds now will persons to

play18:02

join okay and not to spend too long

play18:11

clouds there's so much covered that I'm

play18:13

gonna quickly see there would be one

play18:20

second I'm just gonna quickly copy over

play18:23

one place to another

play18:26

[Music]

play18:47

yeah doing it but we want certain to

play18:50

drop the this

play18:56

just pop this open well this is just a

play19:00

quick diagram

play19:08

all right here we go okay so this is

play19:21

this from the met as you can see it

play19:25

basically gives you everything the basic

play19:28

stuff de Tabac files so here we've got

play19:30

down the right-hand side approximate

play19:32

height in meters the high level you've

play19:36

got your cirrus cirrocumulus or a

play19:38

Stratus you can see your venue Nimbus

play19:41

which starts here for a very low level

play19:43

and Cameron all the way up to eighteen

play19:46

twenty twenty-five thousand feet okay so

play19:53

I'm not gonna spend well too much on

play19:55

that summit you can take a look at its

play19:56

even up to find information on and it's

play20:00

easier to have a look at which ones have

play20:02

rain which ones don't

play20:03

it's not too technical so we'll leave

play20:06

after one time so next bit yeah clouds

play20:16

okay so this thing I'm gonna spend a bit

play20:20

more time on which is these two sections

play20:24

here which is we understand convection

play20:26

birth and development of thermal through

play20:29

to plotting the progress of a thermal

play20:30

given the environmental lapse rate

play20:34

understanding and be able to use terms

play20:37

such as stability instability beer back

play20:40

you'll cut what those are now so um

play20:47

lapse rates so lapse rates are just to

play20:51

do with how changed in temperature in

play20:55

air in different conditions bouncing

play20:59

them do the change in temperature and

play21:06

I'm just gonna jump a bit between this

play21:09

and how clouds work so but the basic

play21:13

principle is that air will rise because

play21:17

it's warmer than the surrounding air

play21:18

that's like the fundamental basic

play21:21

concept which underlies thermic activity

play21:24

cloud structure and everything else and

play21:26

and they were then and basically a

play21:30

parcel of it if you imagine a pass where

play21:32

they leave on the ground it's at ground

play21:36

level it's considered to be dry and

play21:39

you'll come across this term which is

play21:42

dry adiabatic lapse rate eggy back is

play21:46

just means no ID to removed heat it's a

play21:49

contained system so we have this

play21:52

theoretical pasture there and and it's

play21:57

it's called dry because it's not

play21:59

saturated not it doesn't have moisture

play22:02

in and that

play22:07

Rises and as it rises it will cool when

play22:13

it's temperature drops to dew point then

play22:17

the air will the moisture in it then

play22:20

will condense and form water droplets

play22:23

and at that point it's considered

play22:24

saturated so it's in one or two states

play22:28

either dry or it's saturated as

play22:32

technical terms and when you come across

play22:35

this there is no in-between stage it

play22:37

goes it's dry saturated that's it

play22:41

as long as it's dry it then cools this

play22:45

rate of three degrees C per thousand

play22:48

feet if you a metric convert it but the

play22:53

stick with these unit once it becomes

play22:55

saturated in other words watering it has

play22:58

condensed it's now saturated your water

play23:00

droplet it now cools it half that rate n

play23:03

equals one half degrees C for every

play23:06

thousand feet environmental lapse rate

play23:12

on average is 2 degrees C per thousand

play23:15

feet but it says that there is widely so

play23:18

with environmental lapse rate what you

play23:21

want you what you actually get is like a

play23:25

set of stickers or a line where it says

play23:28

at this height the environment

play23:30

temperature is this at this height it's

play23:31

that and this height is this and you'll

play23:33

get the grass which I'll just have a

play23:35

look at now but I'm just going before we

play23:38

go on there I'm just know very quickly

play23:41

you should be able to Cohen's got any

play23:44

questions on this at this point you

play23:46

should get a mute yourselves and ask

play23:49

it's just this is quite key thing FAMAS

play23:52

not quite grasping it let me know try to

play23:54

crank on for the next bit think you can

play24:00

no I'm just gonna quick I'm gonna do a

play24:03

mute you all very briefly to your voice

play24:05

I can hear all the cockiness fluttering

play24:08

so today was going quick questions far

play24:10

away at this coin oh hi John I have a

play24:14

quick one yeah can you hear me yes I can

play24:18

brilliant

play24:19

so we got I'm just trying to get this

play24:22

the three degrees drum every through

play24:24

every thousand feet yes

play24:27

right adiabatic lapse rate can be a

play24:30

little sound to working there all right

play24:34

we're assuming that that occurs anyway

play24:37

within the two degree drop I'm guessing

play24:42

because you can be Sam it's getting you

play24:51

everybody then unmute you don't get all

play24:55

the background of everyone right okay

play24:58

you want muted down so that way you can

play24:59

talk really get where else in the

play25:01

background thanks John yeah it's step by

play25:05

the way I don't think I've failed my

play25:07

iPhone I'm just trying to get the idea

play25:09

with this so the rising air cools at

play25:13

three degrees with that correct for eat

play25:18

and it's assumed it does that it just

play25:24

called three degrees per thousand feet

play25:25

literally what's going on it cool to

play25:28

three degrees for that air around it in

play25:32

two degrees yes let me go on let me on I

play25:38

think I'm going onto it and assuming

play25:43

yeah yeah I didn't hear that but I'm

play25:48

assuming that the difference in

play25:50

temperature occurs because of a because

play25:53

of the rising air cooling because it's

play25:56

expanding and then why do it

play26:01

we can get into the particle physics of

play26:03

it but I'm not going to just for now

play26:06

keep it simple and just take yes it

play26:08

doesn't cool at three degrees C we can

play26:10

get into the physics of how FAR's the

play26:12

particles are going on why you know this

play26:15

speed that it's this temperature at this

play26:18

speed it's that time to know that you

play26:19

don't need to know that keep it simple

play26:21

just take it there it will cool at three

play26:24

degrees C for every thousand feet it

play26:26

goes up by all means read both effects

play26:30

okay keep it simple for now

play26:31

I like to

play26:33

you dancing yeah I'm not I don't one of

play26:37

things on this is it's very easy to get

play26:38

sidetracked into stuff that you actually

play26:41

don't really need to know and isn't

play26:43

actually going to help you if you if you

play26:46

want to find out about do but it's not

play26:49

essential so just go onto this next one

play26:56

all right so basically this that the

play27:02

blue line on here represents the

play27:05

environmental lapse rate represents the

play27:07

temperatures at different heights is

play27:09

purely demonstrative it's not don't take

play27:13

it out let well look at some actual ones

play27:15

if I get time in a minute so a thermal

play27:18

rises because it is warmer and thus so

play27:21

after question less dense than the

play27:22

surrounding air the greater the

play27:25

difference the faster the rate of ascent

play27:28

shall I explain in a second so anything

play27:32

will continue to rise if it's

play27:33

temperature is equal to that of the

play27:35

surrounding air

play27:35

so yeah it's rising and it rises it

play27:39

cools as long as it as long as it's

play27:45

warmer than the surrounding area it will

play27:47

continue to rise once the two

play27:49

temperatures met balance it will it will

play27:52

stop rising at that

play27:58

so we got a rut artist okay Lou Brad

play28:01

Silas so we're gonna only get 40 minutes

play28:06

on this one if you guys want to do a bit

play28:10

more on this this evening we can I can

play28:13

give I can quickly drop onto the to chat

play28:18

groups the next log on let me just

play28:21

quickly get a quick quick survey of what

play28:23

you want I think we could do a bit more

play28:25

on this I'm just gonna need you quick

play28:27

quick show that you guys want to do a

play28:30

bit more like once it's this bit so once

play28:36

this wraps up a bit give us 10 minutes

play28:41

I'll drop something on to the coaching

play28:43

group and three telegram groups log back

play28:47

in again okay thanks yeah good it's

play28:54

amazing how fast this goes so but this

play28:57

is a key area so here we've got I'm just

play29:02

going to take a look at this in a bit

play29:03

more detail so here on the blue line is

play29:06

our environmental temperature the red

play29:10

line is gonna be our parcel of air

play29:14

rising desire theoretical thermal so in

play29:18

this case we've got here at the third

play29:21

trigger temperature of 21 then will

play29:24

trigger temperatures vary depending

play29:25

attica we're taking it there in between

play29:29

19 20 to 21 degrees it's gonna be at

play29:33

that temperature it's gonna release and

play29:35

then it's gonna rise until it's

play29:39

temperatures dropping as it rises here

play29:41

it meets the environmental temperature

play29:43

so now it stops rising and it's another

play29:47

diagram again this environmental right

play29:52

here so here's our thermal rising and

play29:55

it's cooling at this three degrees four

play29:58

thousand feet and in this case the the

play30:04

- the distance between the environmental

play30:07

rate and this line the gap is thermal

play30:12

strength so the wider this gap the

play30:15

stronger thermal this is a very unusual

play30:19

situation when we look at some real

play30:22

diagram to see it's nothing like this

play30:24

it's usually the other way around it's

play30:25

actually down at the bottom and actually

play30:28

span gets stronger as you go up this

play30:31

would be like insanely strong thermal

play30:33

near the ground that suddenly drops off

play30:35

and gets weaker to go up not gonna

play30:38

happen but it's just the demonstration

play30:40

purposes it works so again here pack a

play30:45

bear leaves the ground it will keep

play30:47

rising just this is the inversion and it

play30:49

tips it here that'll stop rising at this

play30:52

point now here it goes on fast further

play30:55

and again very strong lick here we can

play31:00

weaker weaker similar weak weak weak

play31:02

weak weak the web's atop let's say this

play31:04

is that's highly theoretical but you

play31:09

almost never ever get that it's just for

play31:11

the purpose of this diagram but that but

play31:14

that's the basic principle of that so

play31:20

this is Plains it a bit more a bit more

play31:23

detail the last one so at room

play31:26

temperature of 26 degrees it's it's

play31:30

what's we're here is that this if that's

play31:33

actually your ground temperature it's

play31:35

rare that you need a trigger temperature

play31:37

that much higher level to release it's

play31:39

normally much closer to the ground

play31:41

temperature which again I'll bring up

play31:44

some actual diagram in a minute and

play31:46

we'll take a look at those that's just a

play31:52

second I'm just gonna

play31:55

now we look at a real diagram so this is

play31:58

this is called a techie Graham or a

play32:00

scooty chart whatever you want to

play32:03

they're basically much the same thing

play32:05

and and

play32:08

the way these are laid out so in this

play32:12

case is to clear it up the red line is

play32:15

the environmental lapse rate so this is

play32:17

basically where the the met different

play32:20

areas they actually say they take

play32:22

soundings beep send instruments up

play32:25

they'll measure at different levels what

play32:27

the actual environmental temperature is

play32:30

but what the actual air temperature is

play32:32

and on basis of that they'll predict for

play32:34

the next coming days what it's going to

play32:35

be at different times so what you'll

play32:39

then get is this environmental rate the

play32:41

be the blue line is the environmental

play32:45

dew point don't worry too much about

play32:47

that our main interest here is this red

play32:49

line which is our environmental lapse

play32:52

and I'm gonna just be the various lines

play32:58

on here give us our saturated dry

play33:00

adiabatic that we were talking about and

play33:04

the dotted line you see here is a

play33:08

thermal that's being released now this

play33:11

is a much more realistic example of what

play33:14

actually occurs and I've got sueb into

play33:18

it in a second have a look at that in

play33:19

detail but here you see that the

play33:22

difference being the dotted line and the

play33:23

red line lower down is quite small and

play33:27

then as we get towards this area near

play33:30

the inversion it expands and you get

play33:33

that what's those clouds suck you're

play33:35

getting close to clowns suddenly it

play33:37

opens up you get you get this lift but

play33:40

this is this is way more realistic way

play33:42

it's like yeah looking for we're looking

play33:44

for fill you know you crank your way up

play33:47

start to get high and suddenly it kicks

play33:49

in a bit so go to this one so this is

play33:58

like zooming into that so here we have

play34:00

the red line again environmental lapse

play34:03

rate the dotted line is predicted

play34:08

thermal so releases from the ground here

play34:12

it then this these lines you see go 45

play34:17

degrees from right to left this is our

play34:21

lines of dry adiabatic so these these

play34:28

are the temperature drops associated

play34:29

with that so this line is following it

play34:32

it releases it will now follow that

play34:34

cooling so if you took temperature

play34:36

you'll find this is dropping a 3 degrees

play34:38

C 4000 feet so it will continue to rise

play34:43

on the dry adiabatic until it's

play34:48

temperature drops to dew point which is

play34:50

what this line here is giving us the dew

play34:52

point line at that point it becomes

play34:55

saturated and it will now rise at the

play35:00

cooling rate of one-and-a-half degrees C

play35:02

so it's now the saturated line so that's

play35:07

just one okay

play35:08

so that's got nothing to do with

play35:09

inversions or anything else it's purely

play35:11

that it rises it saturates it now rises

play35:15

on the saturated line so this is dry

play35:17

rising saturated rising but about 2

play35:22

minutes left of this meeting

play35:23

so I'm not going to go to another slide

play35:25

at this point but that's what will pick

play35:30

up at this point but this so where it

play35:33

switches from dry to saturate it's cloud

play35:36

base ok so at this point it's condensing

play35:40

since the air is blowing a dry droplets

play35:43

droplets are faces of clouds so you see

play35:46

cloud base the cloud base is the point

play35:50

where it saturates the cloud top is

play35:53

where so it'll still rise it's at this

play35:57

point it's still cooler so it's still

play36:00

warmer than the surrounding air

play36:01

temperature so it's gonna keep rising

play36:03

keep rising keep rising until its

play36:06

temperature becomes the same as the

play36:08

surrounding air so now it will stop

play36:10

rising

play36:11

so that's your cloud top all right so

play36:15

now base rate saturates

play36:18

top is where the saturated air has now

play36:24

the 10

play36:26

it's basically cooling and now the same

play36:27

temperature of the surrounding air so it

play36:29

can't lies and basic physics it's no

play36:33

longer all that it can't keep rising

play36:37

okay we've got one minute left

play36:39

this will suddenly cut out to run out

play36:41

I'm gonna end it create a new meeting if

play36:45

you just quickly jump on to telegram

play36:48

you'll get the new ID and password I'll

play36:51

drop it on to coaching group Red Ribbon

play36:54

group and the chat group okay

play36:57

I'll but don't rush you can go grab a

play37:01

cup of tea or summit of the all times at

play37:04

now about 8:40 so we'll start getting 10

play37:08

minutes at 8:00 8:15 all right I'll see

play37:14

you in 10 minutes

play37:16

you

play37:23

[Music]

play37:28

anything

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Related Tags
MeteorologíaPilotosPresión AtmosféricaFrentes AtmosféricasTermalesCielo SinópticoCondiciones del VientoCirrusCumulusNubosidadLapse Rate
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