Meteorology part 1
Summary
TLDREl guion ofrece una explicación detallada sobre la relación entre la dirección del viento y las áreas de alta y baja presión, así como el concepto de frentes fríos y cálidos en meteorología. Se discuten los tipos de nubes y sus alturas aproximadas, y se profundiza en el proceso de convección, desde el desarrollo de termales hasta la interpretación de diagramas teóricos y su aplicación práctica. El presentador planea sesiones adicionales para profundizar en estos temas, destacando la importancia de comprender estos conceptos para la navegación y el vuelo.
Takeaways
- 🌪️ La relación entre la dirección del viento y las áreas de presión alta y baja es fundamental en meteorología: el aire fluye hacia las áreas de baja presión y se aleja de las de alta presión.
- 🔄 En el hemisferio norte, los vientos giran de manera horaria alrededor de las áreas de alta presión y antihoraria alrededor de las de baja presión debido a la fuerza de Coriolis.
- 📉 El aire que se eleva crea áreas de baja presión, mientras que el aire descendente genera áreas de alta presión, lo que es básico en física.
- 🌬️ La dirección del viento en un mapa sinóptico se ve afectada por la fricción terrestre, especialmente cerca del suelo, lo que puede cambiar la dirección del viento en relación a las isobars.
- 🌦️ Los frentes fríos y cálidos son fenómenos importantes en la meteorología que conllevan cambios en las condiciones climáticas, incluyendo la nubosidad, la presión y el viento.
- ❄️ Los frentes fríos son caracterizados por una masa de aire frío que avanza y empuja el aire cálido por encima, suele haber un aumento en la velocidad del viento y activity convectiva.
- 🔥 Los frentes cálidos indican que el aire cálido avanza sobre el aire frío, suelen presentarse con una progresión lenta y un aumento en las nubes y la precipitación.
- 🌤️ Las nubes son clasificadas según su altura y tipo, desde las altas como cirro o cirrocumulus hasta las bajas como stratus o cumulus.
- ♨️ La convección es el proceso por el cual el aire cálido se eleva y puede formar termales, que son esferas de aire cálido que se elevan desde la superficie terrestre.
- 📊 Los lapsos adiabáticos, tanto secos como saturados, son medidas de la tasa a la que el aire se enfría mientras se eleva; son claves para entender el desarrollo de las nubes y los termales.
- 🌡️ La estabilidad y la inestabilidad del aire son condiciones que afectan el desarrollo de las nubes y los termales; la inestabilidad puede llevar a la formación de cumulus y nubes de precipitación.
Q & A
¿Qué es la relación básica entre la dirección del viento y las áreas de presión alta y baja?
-El aire fluye hacia las áreas de baja presión y se aleja de las áreas de alta presión. En el hemisferio norte, los vientos giran en sentido horario alrededor de las áreas de alta presión y en sentido antihorario alrededor de las áreas de baja presión debido a la fuerza de Coriolis.
¿Cómo afecta la fricción terrestre la dirección del viento en el nivel del suelo?
-La fricción terrestre cambia la dirección del viento. Alrededor de sistemas de baja presión, el viento se curva aproximadamente 30 grados hacia fuera del centro, mientras que alrededor de sistemas de alta presión, el viento se curva hacia adentro.
¿Qué son los frentes y cómo se relacionan con los cambios en las condiciones climáticas?
-Los frentes son demarcaciones entre dos masas de aire de diferente densidad y temperatura. Los frentes fríos y cálidos son importantes ya que causan cambios en la nubosidad, la presión, las condiciones del viento y a menudo traen precipitación.
¿Cuáles son las características de un frente frío?
-Un frente frío se caracteriza por el aire frío que avanza y empuja el aire cálido por encima de él, lo que puede causar rápidas precipitaciones y un aumento en la velocidad del viento. Después de su paso, se puede esperar cielo claro y condiciones más frescas.
¿Cómo se identifican los frentes fríos en un mapa sinóptico?
-En un mapa sinóptico, los frentes fríos se representan con una línea azul con puntas hacia arriba. Indican que el aire frío está avanzando y empujando bajo el aire cálido.
¿Cuáles son las características de un frente cálido?
-Un frente cálido se caracteriza por el aire cálido que avanza y sube sobre el aire frío más denso. Esto puede llevar a una progresiva construcción de nubes y eventualmente a precipitaciones持续性降雨。
¿Cómo se identifican los frentes cálidos en un mapa sinóptico?
-En un mapa sinóptico, los frentes cálidos se representan con una línea con ondas o undulaciones. Significan que el aire cálido está avanzando y subiendo sobre el aire frío.
¿Qué es la convección y cómo está relacionada con la formación de termales?
-La convección es el proceso por el cual el aire caliente se eleva debido a que es menos denso que el aire frío circundante. La formación de termales es un resultado de la convección, donde el aire caliente se levanta desde la superficie terrestre, a menudo en respuesta a la radiación solar durante el día.
¿Qué es la tasa de caída adiabática seca y cómo se relaciona con la formación de nubes?
-La tasa de caída adiabática seca es la cantidad de enfriamiento que experimenta un paquete de aire seco al ascender en la atmósfera sin la presencia de humedad. Se cae a un ritmo de 3 grados Celsius por cada 1000 pies de altura. La formación de nubes ocurre cuando el aire se vuelve saturado y las gotas de agua condensan, generalmente cuando el aire alcanza su punto de condensación al ascender.
¿Cómo se relaciona la tasa de caída con la estabilidad y la inestabilidad del aire?
-La tasa de caída se relaciona con la estabilidad del aire en el sentido de que una tasa de caída adiabática seca alta puede indicar que el aire es estable y no favorece la convección, mientras que una tasa de caída adiabática seca baja o una diferencia grande entre la tasa de caída adiabática seca y la tasa de caída ambiental puede indicar inestabilidad y favorecer la formación de termales y nubes.
¿Qué es un diagrama tephigram y cómo se utiliza para entender la convección y la formación de nubes?
-Un diagrama tephigram es una herramienta utilizada para representar la evolución de un paquete de aire a medida que se calienta o enfriá, y se eleva o se desplaza. Muestra las tasas de caída adiabáticas tanto secas como saturadas, lo que permite a los meteorólogos y pilotos de avión predictivos visualizar cómo se comportará el aire y cuándo es probable que se forme la convección y las nubes.
Outlines
🌐 Introducción a la Relación entre Dirección del Viento y Presiones Atmosféricas
El primer párrafo presenta una introducción a la relación entre la dirección del viento y las áreas de alta y baja presión. Se discute cómo el aire fluye hacia las áreas de baja presión y se aleja de las de alta presión. En el hemisferio norte, los vientos giran en sentido horario alrededor de las áreas de alta presión y en sentido antihorario alrededor de las de baja presión, debido a la fuerza de Coriolis. Se ilustra este concepto con un diagrama que muestra cómo el aire se mueve en relación con las áreas de presión alta y baja, destacando la importancia de entender estos principios básicos en la meteorología.
🌀 Comprender las Fronteras Atmosféricas y sus Características
Este párrafo se enfoca en la importancia de entender las fronteras en la meteorología, describiendo detalladamente las fronteras frías y cálidas, sus nubes, condiciones, cambios de presión y cambios de viento. Se mencionan los símbolos utilizados en los mapas sinópticos para representar estas fronteras y se discuten las condiciones que se pueden esperar cuando una frontera se aproxima, como el aumento de la velocidad del viento y la formación de un frente de rafaga. También se explora la idea de que las condiciones después de una frontera fría pueden ser ideales para la navegación aérea en paracaidismo.
🌤️ Diferencias entre Fronteras Frías y Cálidas en el Comportamiento del Viento
El tercer párrafo compara y contrasta las fronteras frías y cálidas, destacando cómo el aire se comporta de manera diferente alrededor de cada tipo de frontera. Se describe cómo las fronteras frías tienen un impacto más rápido y pueden causar tormentas, mientras que las fronteras cálidas se mueven más lentamente y pueden traer consigo una serie de nubes y precipitación. Se discuten las nubes asociadas con cada tipo de frontera y cómo los pilotos de avión pueden utilizar esta información para planificar vuelos de navegación aérea.
🌦️ Identificar y Comprender los Diferentes Tipos de Nubes
Este párrafo se centra en la identificación y comprensión de los diferentes tipos de nubes, desde las de alta altitud como el cirro hasta las de baja altitud como el estratus. Se proporciona una tabla que muestra los tipos de nubes, sus alturas aproximadas y si producen precipitación. Se enfatiza la importancia de distinguir entre los tipos de nubes para comprender mejor las condiciones meteorológicas.
🌡️ Conocimiento de la Conversión y Desarrollo de Calores Térmicos
El quinto párrafo explora el concepto de convicción y el desarrollo de los llamados 'calentamientos térmicos', que son esferas de aire cálido que se elevan desde la superficie debido a su menor densidad. Se discuten los términos clave como estabilidad e inestabilidad, y se explica cómo la tasa de caída adiabática se relaciona con el comportamiento de los calores térmicos. Se presentan diagramas para ilustrar cómo el aire se冷却 y se forma la nube cuando el aire se convierte de seco a saturado.
📊 Análisis de Tasas de Caída Adiabática y su Aplicación en la Meteorología
Este párrafo se enfoca en el análisis de las tasas de caída adiabática, que son fundamentales para entender cómo el aire se冷却 al elevarse y cómo esto afecta la formación de nubes y el comportamiento del viento. Se explica cómo la tasa de caída adiabática difiere para el aire seco y saturado y cómo estas tasas se relacionan con la estabilidad del aire. Se utilizan gráficos para ilustrar cómo los calores térmicos se comportan en diferentes condiciones de caída adiabática.
🌅 Comprender las Inversiones de Temperatura y su Relación con las Nubes
El séptimo párrafo describe cómo las inversiones de temperatura, donde la temperatura del aire aumenta con la altitud, afectan el comportamiento de los calores térmicos y la formación de nubes. Se discute cómo la inversión puede detener el ascenso de un calentamiento térmico y se ilustra cómo la base y la cima de las nubes se relacionan con la caída adiabática y la inversión. Se enfatiza la importancia de comprender estas condiciones para la predicción del tiempo y la navegación aérea.
⏱️ Conclusión y Planificación de la Siguiente Sesión
El último párrafo resume la información presentada y anuncia un descanso breve antes de continuar con la siguiente sesión. Se menciona la intención de abordar más temas relacionados con la meteorología y se invita a los participantes a unirse a una nueva reunión en breve. Se destaca la rapidez con la que se desarrolla el contenido y se sugiere la posibilidad de realizar una encuesta para ajustar el ritmo y el contenido de las futuras sesiones.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Coriolis
💡Presión atmosférica
💡Frentes
💡Nubosidad
💡Termal
💡Lapse rate
💡Convección
💡Estabilidad
💡Inversión
💡Diagrama de sounding
Highlights
Introduction to the basic cover of the pilot exam syllabus.
Importance of understanding the relationship between wind direction and areas of high and low pressure.
Air flows towards low pressure and away from high pressure.
In the northern hemisphere, wind blows clockwise around highs and anti-clockwise around lows due to Coriolis force.
Basic concept of air rising in low pressure areas and descending in high pressure areas.
Explanation of how Coriolis force affects wind direction.
Local Buys Balance Law and its application in understanding wind direction.
Difference in wind direction at different altitudes, especially the effect of ground friction.
Understanding fronts, specifically cold fronts and warm fronts, and their typical conditions.
Description of a cold front, including its impact on wind, temperature, and precipitation.
Characteristics of warm fronts, including cloud development and slow movement.
Introduction to occluded fronts and their appearance on synoptic charts.
Identification of common high, medium, and low cloud types and their approximate heights.
Explanation of convection, birth, and development of thermals.
Understanding lapse rates and their role in thermal development.
Difference between dry adiabatic lapse rate and environmental lapse rate.
Demonstration of how a thermal rises and cools at different rates depending on whether it is dry or saturated.
Identification of cloud base and cloud top in relation to thermal development.
Practical application of understanding thermals for cross-country pilots.
Invitation for participants to join a follow-up session for further discussion.
Transcripts
okay so I'm going to switch you to you
just gonna meet everybody I'm just going
to flip over to the shared screen
and okay so we had a basic cover the
[Music]
then
section of the pilot exam if you don't
have a copy of the syllabus download it
but they see I'm in a pretty much of
organized like talk they easily pretty
much follow the steps of the syllabus so
we'll see how much we get through sent
to me or 45 minutes if I can open up the
Mike's for questions at some point I
will but I'm not going to try and do all
this and 45 defecates spread over a
couple of weeks and we can also have
like after that a question-and-answer
session as well so let's go to the other
one
all right so I've got basic I have a
PowerPoint which I'm going to is the
basis of the talk and anyone who wants
it if you drop I'll drop it on to
telegram or contact me directly and I'll
send you a copy of it anyway so first
point is to understand the relationship
between wind direction and areas of high
and low pressure and the key points this
are the air flows towards low pressure
and away from high pressure in northern
hemisphere wind blows knee lock wise
direction around highs and anti
clockwise around loads so this diagram
basically should illustrate it here so
you've got the area of low pressure
okay listen disjoining so here we've got
the red arrows going up which is the
area of low pressure so this is rising
air descending air the base your warmer
air reason it's red is piglets will rear
so Rises it goes up the descending air
gives you high pressure and it's just a
very basic concept if air is going up
you have low pressure air is descending
you get high pressure and as the and the
air will flow from regions of high
pressure to low pressure that's just
it's just basic physics but air flows in
that way and so it will go from high
pressure to low pressure and because of
Coriolis force it will then turn as it
goes and then you then get this motion
of around high pressure you get
clockwise direction winds and around low
pressure you get anti-clockwise so that
message of your basic principle I've
thrown this diagram in that you don't
need to know this for the exam I've just
basically put it in some people waiting
in
okay two more people just joining so yes
it's there for information and to
illustrate how Coriolis works but you
don't have to understand how Coriolis
works for the purpose of the actual exam
itself next diagram on here two more
trying to join this let min here we go
so we just those just joined
we're basically still on the first step
here which is looking at this principle
of reference book this one the air flows
from high pressure to low pressure and
low pressure is where they are going up
high pressure is there when you make
them and you basically this basic
concept which is high pressure here on
the on the left hand side going to low
pressure on the right and the difference
in the precious creates this sort of
gray force which drives the wind because
of Coriolis with your spins doesn't go
in a straight line
it ends up curving away and see then
you'll start to see this pattern where
it goes from high to low starts to curve
down now it's gonna get anti clockwise
around lows and it's gonna go clockwise
around high that's basically all you
need to know on that there is a little
local buys by balance law which if you
in northern hemisphere is person not
coming sorry someone called Steve who
keeps trying to keep letting him in he
keeps bouncing back out again for some
reason so in northern hemisphere the
person standing with his back to the
wind will have high pressure high
pressure to its right and low pressure
to his left and ie you can remember is
low on your left
[Music]
and it's quite interesting actually do
it they stop you on the hill and the
winds blowing you'll get you can
actually find give this yourself back to
the wind and you'll see the high
pressure on the high pressure trees
right hand side and low pressure to
let's see okay
so great it wins so again this is basic
idea wind blows from high pressure to
low pressure
if you when you are mentally isobars on
here it's talking about on a synoptic
chart when you're above a thousand
meters so you're way away from ground
effect wind direction will follow the
Patna part will will blow parallel to
isobars as you get closer to the ground
and when you're actually down at ground
level ground friction will change the
direction of the wind so it's when winds
going around a low-pressure system it
doesn't go if you look at the isobars it
will
it'll lets you Bend about 30 degrees
away from that in towards the center so
just waiting and we'll look at that a
little bit later look at synoptic shots
later we'll see that effect on there but
when you're asked to look at wind
direction on a chart you have to bear in
mind it's you look at the isobars and
then you you add a factor about 30
degrees to get the actual wind direction
okay Smith okay stop Howard joining cool
okay this is all to do with this first
point which is just understand the
relationship between wind direction and
areas of high and low pressure I think
that's fairly it's fairly
straightforward let's get on to the next
bit
so the next chunk on this is to
understand fronts on the syllabus it's
to be able to describe in detail a cold
front and a warm front typical clouds
conditions pressure changes and wind
changes and you should and what your
final this is you do need to know this
in a reason Matt of detail you will get
typically there are questions on it
where it will describe certain
conditions and it stays as a cold
brimmer's wolfram this is again the
first minutes is like a bit of trivia
you don't need to know this guy with the
first person who named it but it's where
the word front comes from basically oh
and I named 1919 and it was born on for
the first world war and the idea was
this battle going on your trunks and
that's that's where they came from so
there's a three main types of weather
front needs a strain on synoptic charts
in case you don't know the words he
knocked it sin not dick simply means a
summary of the current situation nothing
more fancy than that then weather turns
it's the pressure pattern front wind
direction speed etc so cold fronts so
cold fronts have bit so here we you can
see the cold air coming in from the left
hand side and and so the cold front is
meeting warning so it's cold cold air is
coming in it's gonna drive the warm air
up over the top of it and and some of
the you'll get soaked device called
after warm air they move quickly if
you've been I didn't have anything
actually been on the hill and you looked
at a day when there's a front coming
through and and the culprits think they
arrived fast they don't take long time
to get there and I've seen I've seen
pilots get caught out by this where what
they what they forget about as well as
this point here which is expect expect
to school as the front passes just ahead
of the front so you've got this
fast-moving air driving into this warmer
and you get this gust front ahead of it
and you'll notice that if you get if
you're on a hill and a Whizzer give a
good job you're having a front is going
to get out if you can time it you'll
notice the increase in wind speed just
before the front comes through and I say
it it if you get caught by that you're
in really shitty air it's not good at
all so that's so a quick look on a
synoptic charcoal practice you is this
blue line with the spikes on it
so the presence of colder front means
colder is advancing pushing underneath
warmer air both one rate the the massive
colder is heavier or more dense so it
if the warmer air goes over top so these
are your lane points
and again this is sort of thing after
this to go through take a look at and
get to grips with it you know just sort
of test yourself and whether you can
remember these factors or not the main
point that conference did by cold air
from warm air ahead they have
significant tile development cumulus
Nimbus few Harbinger though is you don't
get a lot of predictions on it they they
just hit they move quickly
they passed a matter of hours you can
expect to squall the wind will be r as
the front passes so back birra means
it's going away from zero so it go like
from zero to fifteen twenty thirty
degrees back means even if you're thirty
degrees it will go right back to zero so
so beer is going in a clockwise
direction back is in an anti-clockwise
direction for these opposed looking at
it
precipitation is likely as the front
passes very likely but you then get this
clear fan as the ground warms and dries
in the build-up of cumulus with sniffing
risk of odor moment due to unstable
moist air but this this factor here if
they're often on you'll see a lot of
cross country pilots looking for cold
fronts Oh Damon a cold fronts coming
through because on the day afterwards
you get really you will normally get
like really good cross-country
conditions yes a bit unstable you've got
humorless clouds it's good climbs it's
it's it's good it's good cross-country
weather so you'll often see on forums
different things people - oh it's a
culprit committee brilliant and then
it's it's a good it's one of those
classic days for going up to like 10 is
value going like Cancun back down to the
coast because you never see the wind
swung around it's gone onto a Northwest
lines up nicely your great conditions
then you can go up and fly ok don't need
to know that period Sam but it's just
beautiful oak for actual being on the
hill using that data ok warm prints so
warm France symbolized by this line so
the presence of a warm front means the
warm air is advancing and so the one
that will now rise over the cold air
same principle the cold air drives
underneath on the front that warm air
will go over the top exactly the same
principle so here we see like a warm
front coming through and what so what
you'll often see in advance of that is
the high cirrus so you get a day you
look up and see lots of Cirrus coming
through then it's usually sort of a fair
prediction that a warm front is on its
way then you get this buildup of power
layers of a warm front it starts with
the Cirrus then you
cirrostratus altostratus nimbostratus
seriously you're getting this blanket of
cloud with rain that follows on with it
they're very different from a cold front
so it divides warm up and cold has
significant hardik Harbinger it is
something that tells you something's
coming so with warm fronts you get high
cirrus halos around the Sun Stratus
cloud lowering cloud based rain and as
completely different from conference
they moved slowly so a warm front can
take days to pass through and that's
those missions you get where you've got
great layout no cloud-based drizzly
horrible
crappy weather warm front that's come
through so again these are use neaten
however you learn things sort of run
through these I don't know how many of
you memorize stuff just get used to
looking at the diagrams going through
where it takes writing them I'm going to
mention these it's not on the pilot exam
but just for completeness so the other
fronts you get are occluded fronts again
no not part of the exam Service Vice
included for completeness on fronts so
it's particularly when you start looking
at synoptic charts this you'll see this
a lot on a synoptic jog you'll see this
mixture of colder wall front which is an
occluded front and it's basically where
the cold front catches up with a warm
front not as warm air it's you've got a
warm front going cold fronts no faster
so it's quite common to get clued in
front of it they'll catch up with them
and then you get this phenomena Oh
here's your this is your sort of line of
the warm front cold front what it comes
to catches it basically forms this area
of warm moist air in between them
there okay this one next point is beer
to identify some common high medium and
low cloud types and give their
approximate hunt I do have a separate
chart on this which I meant to cut on
the screen which I don't know but I will
send it out to you guys if you want it
but basically the different cloud types
you got Cirrus which is your high level
cloud and again so it's made of ice
crystals you get no precipitation from
cirrus clouds all all the serious ones
are basically too high for precipitation
to return you're not going to get rain
at twenty-five to thirty thousand feet
it doesn't happen those particularly
cumulus your mid-level mid low level
convection clouds now will persons to
join okay and not to spend too long
clouds there's so much covered that I'm
gonna quickly see there would be one
second I'm just gonna quickly copy over
one place to another
[Music]
yeah doing it but we want certain to
drop the this
just pop this open well this is just a
quick diagram
all right here we go okay so this is
this from the met as you can see it
basically gives you everything the basic
stuff de Tabac files so here we've got
down the right-hand side approximate
height in meters the high level you've
got your cirrus cirrocumulus or a
Stratus you can see your venue Nimbus
which starts here for a very low level
and Cameron all the way up to eighteen
twenty twenty-five thousand feet okay so
I'm not gonna spend well too much on
that summit you can take a look at its
even up to find information on and it's
easier to have a look at which ones have
rain which ones don't
it's not too technical so we'll leave
after one time so next bit yeah clouds
okay so this thing I'm gonna spend a bit
more time on which is these two sections
here which is we understand convection
birth and development of thermal through
to plotting the progress of a thermal
given the environmental lapse rate
understanding and be able to use terms
such as stability instability beer back
you'll cut what those are now so um
lapse rates so lapse rates are just to
do with how changed in temperature in
air in different conditions bouncing
them do the change in temperature and
I'm just gonna jump a bit between this
and how clouds work so but the basic
principle is that air will rise because
it's warmer than the surrounding air
that's like the fundamental basic
concept which underlies thermic activity
cloud structure and everything else and
and they were then and basically a
parcel of it if you imagine a pass where
they leave on the ground it's at ground
level it's considered to be dry and
you'll come across this term which is
dry adiabatic lapse rate eggy back is
just means no ID to removed heat it's a
contained system so we have this
theoretical pasture there and and it's
it's called dry because it's not
saturated not it doesn't have moisture
in and that
Rises and as it rises it will cool when
it's temperature drops to dew point then
the air will the moisture in it then
will condense and form water droplets
and at that point it's considered
saturated so it's in one or two states
either dry or it's saturated as
technical terms and when you come across
this there is no in-between stage it
goes it's dry saturated that's it
as long as it's dry it then cools this
rate of three degrees C per thousand
feet if you a metric convert it but the
stick with these unit once it becomes
saturated in other words watering it has
condensed it's now saturated your water
droplet it now cools it half that rate n
equals one half degrees C for every
thousand feet environmental lapse rate
on average is 2 degrees C per thousand
feet but it says that there is widely so
with environmental lapse rate what you
want you what you actually get is like a
set of stickers or a line where it says
at this height the environment
temperature is this at this height it's
that and this height is this and you'll
get the grass which I'll just have a
look at now but I'm just going before we
go on there I'm just know very quickly
you should be able to Cohen's got any
questions on this at this point you
should get a mute yourselves and ask
it's just this is quite key thing FAMAS
not quite grasping it let me know try to
crank on for the next bit think you can
no I'm just gonna quick I'm gonna do a
mute you all very briefly to your voice
I can hear all the cockiness fluttering
so today was going quick questions far
away at this coin oh hi John I have a
quick one yeah can you hear me yes I can
brilliant
so we got I'm just trying to get this
the three degrees drum every through
every thousand feet yes
right adiabatic lapse rate can be a
little sound to working there all right
we're assuming that that occurs anyway
within the two degree drop I'm guessing
because you can be Sam it's getting you
everybody then unmute you don't get all
the background of everyone right okay
you want muted down so that way you can
talk really get where else in the
background thanks John yeah it's step by
the way I don't think I've failed my
iPhone I'm just trying to get the idea
with this so the rising air cools at
three degrees with that correct for eat
and it's assumed it does that it just
called three degrees per thousand feet
literally what's going on it cool to
three degrees for that air around it in
two degrees yes let me go on let me on I
think I'm going onto it and assuming
yeah yeah I didn't hear that but I'm
assuming that the difference in
temperature occurs because of a because
of the rising air cooling because it's
expanding and then why do it
we can get into the particle physics of
it but I'm not going to just for now
keep it simple and just take yes it
doesn't cool at three degrees C we can
get into the physics of how FAR's the
particles are going on why you know this
speed that it's this temperature at this
speed it's that time to know that you
don't need to know that keep it simple
just take it there it will cool at three
degrees C for every thousand feet it
goes up by all means read both effects
okay keep it simple for now
I like to
you dancing yeah I'm not I don't one of
things on this is it's very easy to get
sidetracked into stuff that you actually
don't really need to know and isn't
actually going to help you if you if you
want to find out about do but it's not
essential so just go onto this next one
all right so basically this that the
blue line on here represents the
environmental lapse rate represents the
temperatures at different heights is
purely demonstrative it's not don't take
it out let well look at some actual ones
if I get time in a minute so a thermal
rises because it is warmer and thus so
after question less dense than the
surrounding air the greater the
difference the faster the rate of ascent
shall I explain in a second so anything
will continue to rise if it's
temperature is equal to that of the
surrounding air
so yeah it's rising and it rises it
cools as long as it as long as it's
warmer than the surrounding area it will
continue to rise once the two
temperatures met balance it will it will
stop rising at that
so we got a rut artist okay Lou Brad
Silas so we're gonna only get 40 minutes
on this one if you guys want to do a bit
more on this this evening we can I can
give I can quickly drop onto the to chat
groups the next log on let me just
quickly get a quick quick survey of what
you want I think we could do a bit more
on this I'm just gonna need you quick
quick show that you guys want to do a
bit more like once it's this bit so once
this wraps up a bit give us 10 minutes
I'll drop something on to the coaching
group and three telegram groups log back
in again okay thanks yeah good it's
amazing how fast this goes so but this
is a key area so here we've got I'm just
going to take a look at this in a bit
more detail so here on the blue line is
our environmental temperature the red
line is gonna be our parcel of air
rising desire theoretical thermal so in
this case we've got here at the third
trigger temperature of 21 then will
trigger temperatures vary depending
attica we're taking it there in between
19 20 to 21 degrees it's gonna be at
that temperature it's gonna release and
then it's gonna rise until it's
temperatures dropping as it rises here
it meets the environmental temperature
so now it stops rising and it's another
diagram again this environmental right
here so here's our thermal rising and
it's cooling at this three degrees four
thousand feet and in this case the the
- the distance between the environmental
rate and this line the gap is thermal
strength so the wider this gap the
stronger thermal this is a very unusual
situation when we look at some real
diagram to see it's nothing like this
it's usually the other way around it's
actually down at the bottom and actually
span gets stronger as you go up this
would be like insanely strong thermal
near the ground that suddenly drops off
and gets weaker to go up not gonna
happen but it's just the demonstration
purposes it works so again here pack a
bear leaves the ground it will keep
rising just this is the inversion and it
tips it here that'll stop rising at this
point now here it goes on fast further
and again very strong lick here we can
weaker weaker similar weak weak weak
weak weak the web's atop let's say this
is that's highly theoretical but you
almost never ever get that it's just for
the purpose of this diagram but that but
that's the basic principle of that so
this is Plains it a bit more a bit more
detail the last one so at room
temperature of 26 degrees it's it's
what's we're here is that this if that's
actually your ground temperature it's
rare that you need a trigger temperature
that much higher level to release it's
normally much closer to the ground
temperature which again I'll bring up
some actual diagram in a minute and
we'll take a look at those that's just a
second I'm just gonna
now we look at a real diagram so this is
this is called a techie Graham or a
scooty chart whatever you want to
they're basically much the same thing
and and
the way these are laid out so in this
case is to clear it up the red line is
the environmental lapse rate so this is
basically where the the met different
areas they actually say they take
soundings beep send instruments up
they'll measure at different levels what
the actual environmental temperature is
but what the actual air temperature is
and on basis of that they'll predict for
the next coming days what it's going to
be at different times so what you'll
then get is this environmental rate the
be the blue line is the environmental
dew point don't worry too much about
that our main interest here is this red
line which is our environmental lapse
and I'm gonna just be the various lines
on here give us our saturated dry
adiabatic that we were talking about and
the dotted line you see here is a
thermal that's being released now this
is a much more realistic example of what
actually occurs and I've got sueb into
it in a second have a look at that in
detail but here you see that the
difference being the dotted line and the
red line lower down is quite small and
then as we get towards this area near
the inversion it expands and you get
that what's those clouds suck you're
getting close to clowns suddenly it
opens up you get you get this lift but
this is this is way more realistic way
it's like yeah looking for we're looking
for fill you know you crank your way up
start to get high and suddenly it kicks
in a bit so go to this one so this is
like zooming into that so here we have
the red line again environmental lapse
rate the dotted line is predicted
thermal so releases from the ground here
it then this these lines you see go 45
degrees from right to left this is our
lines of dry adiabatic so these these
are the temperature drops associated
with that so this line is following it
it releases it will now follow that
cooling so if you took temperature
you'll find this is dropping a 3 degrees
C 4000 feet so it will continue to rise
on the dry adiabatic until it's
temperature drops to dew point which is
what this line here is giving us the dew
point line at that point it becomes
saturated and it will now rise at the
cooling rate of one-and-a-half degrees C
so it's now the saturated line so that's
just one okay
so that's got nothing to do with
inversions or anything else it's purely
that it rises it saturates it now rises
on the saturated line so this is dry
rising saturated rising but about 2
minutes left of this meeting
so I'm not going to go to another slide
at this point but that's what will pick
up at this point but this so where it
switches from dry to saturate it's cloud
base ok so at this point it's condensing
since the air is blowing a dry droplets
droplets are faces of clouds so you see
cloud base the cloud base is the point
where it saturates the cloud top is
where so it'll still rise it's at this
point it's still cooler so it's still
warmer than the surrounding air
temperature so it's gonna keep rising
keep rising keep rising until its
temperature becomes the same as the
surrounding air so now it will stop
rising
so that's your cloud top all right so
now base rate saturates
top is where the saturated air has now
the 10
it's basically cooling and now the same
temperature of the surrounding air so it
can't lies and basic physics it's no
longer all that it can't keep rising
okay we've got one minute left
this will suddenly cut out to run out
I'm gonna end it create a new meeting if
you just quickly jump on to telegram
you'll get the new ID and password I'll
drop it on to coaching group Red Ribbon
group and the chat group okay
I'll but don't rush you can go grab a
cup of tea or summit of the all times at
now about 8:40 so we'll start getting 10
minutes at 8:00 8:15 all right I'll see
you in 10 minutes
you
[Music]
anything
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