Sejarah Hari Kebangkitan Nasional (20 Mei) dan Maknanya

Summary

The video explains the significance of National Awakening Day, celebrated every May 20 in Indonesia. It traces the history of the Budi Utomo organization, founded on this date in 1908 by Dr. Sutomo and students from STOVIA, marking the beginning of Indonesia's fight for independence. Initially focusing on social reforms in Java and Madura, Budi Utomo evolved into a key nationalist movement, ultimately merging with other groups in 1935. The video highlights the organization's contribution to Indonesia's independence, commemorated annually to honor the nation's heroes and their struggle against colonial rule.

Takeaways

• 😀 The National Awakening Day in Indonesia is celebrated every May 20th to honor the establishment of the Budi Utomo organization in 1908.
• 😀 Budi Utomo was founded by Dr. Sutomo and students from the School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen (STOVIA), including Goenawan Mangoenkoesoemo and Suraji Wahidin Sudirohusodo.
• 😀 The organization was initiated by young people from STOVIA, Bandung Teacher School, Magelang Civil Service School, and schools in Bogor and Surabaya.
• 😀 The name Budi Utomo combines 'buddhi' (meaning character or morality) and 'Utomo' (meaning good or noble), symbolizing a group dedicated to noble goals and good character.
• 😀 Initially, Budi Utomo aimed for social improvements, focusing on advancing education and agriculture in Java and Madura, without directly mentioning independence.
• 😀 Budi Utomo later evolved into an organization advocating for national independence, eventually merging with the Indonesian People’s Association (PB II) in 1935.
• 😀 The merger of Budi Utomo and PB II led to the formation of the Indonesia Raya Party, with nationalistic ideals focused on an independent Indonesia.
• 😀 Suwardi, a key figure in Budi Utomo, emphasized that Indonesian nationalism belonged to all Indonesians, not just the Javanese and Madurese.
• 😀 Nationalism in Indonesia, according to Budi Utomo, was not cultural but political, aiming to unite all of Indonesia for independence.
• 😀 Budi Utomo's influence waned due to political policies from the colonial government and internal conflicts within the organization, including the rise of radical and moderate factions.
• 😀 In 1948, President Sukarno declared May 20th as National Awakening Day to honor the contributions of Budi Utomo in inspiring Indonesia’s fight for independence.

Q & A

What is the significance of May 20 in Indonesia?

May 20 is celebrated as National Awakening Day in Indonesia, marking the establishment of the Budi Utomo organization in 1908, which played a crucial role in the country's early nationalist movement.

Who were the founders of Budi Utomo?

Budi Utomo was founded by Dr. Sutomo and students from Stovia (School tot Opleiding Van Inlandsche Artsen), including Goenawan Mangoenkoesoemo and Suraji Wahidin Sudirohusodo.

What was the main purpose of Budi Utomo when it was first established?

The initial goal of Budi Utomo was to improve social conditions, particularly in Java and Madura, focusing on education, agriculture, and cultural development.

What does the name 'Budi Utomo' mean?

Budi Utomo consists of two words: 'Budi' meaning character or behavior, and 'Utomo' meaning good or noble, symbolizing an organization aimed at achieving noble goals through good character and behavior.

What were some of the major efforts of Budi Utomo?

Budi Utomo worked to advance education, agriculture, and industry, and also sought to revive Indonesian culture, aiming for harmonious national progress.

How did Budi Utomo evolve over time?

Budi Utomo eventually became more politically active, contributing to the broader nationalist movement in Indonesia. It merged with the Perhimpunan Bangsa Indonesia (PBI) in 1935, which later contributed to the formation of the Partai Indonesia Raya.

What was the impact of Budi Utomo on Indonesian nationalism?

Budi Utomo is considered an important representative of Indonesian nationalism, emphasizing that nationalism was not exclusive to Java and Madura, but was a political movement for all Indonesians.

What led to the decline of Budi Utomo's influence?

Budi Utomo's influence waned due to political policies imposed by the Dutch colonial government, internal divisions within the organization, and the rise of more radical and moderate factions.

When was National Awakening Day officially established, and why?

National Awakening Day was officially established by President Soekarno on May 20, 1948, to honor the significance of Budi Utomo's founding in inspiring the Indonesian people to rise up against colonialism.

What does the celebration of National Awakening Day commemorate?

The celebration commemorates the contributions of the pioneers and independence figures of Indonesia, recognizing their role in sparking the national spirit to resist colonization across social, economic, and political spheres.