Sejarah Hari Buruh di Indonesia — KiniTahu

Summary

May Day, or International Workers' Day, is celebrated on May 1st each year, commemorating a historic labor movement in the United States. On May 1, 1886, over 200,000 workers went on strike to demand an eight-hour workday, a movement which led to the Haymarket Incident in Chicago. This event sparked global solidarity for workers’ rights. In Indonesia, the observance of May Day began in 1918 and has faced challenges, including government bans. However, it was officially recognized as a national holiday in 2013, reflecting the ongoing struggles for workers' rights and recognition worldwide.

Takeaways

• 😀 May Day (International Workers' Day) is commemorated on May 1st every year.
• 😀 The origin of May Day dates back to 1886 when over 200,000 workers in the United States went on strike demanding an 8-hour workday.
• 😀 The workers' strike led to a mass protest in Chicago, which culminated in the Haymarket Affair on May 4, 1886, when a bomb was thrown at the police.
• 😀 The Haymarket bombing resulted in several deaths, and despite uncertainty over who was responsible, the government blamed the labor movement.
• 😀 Prominent labor leaders, such as Albert Parsons, were arrested and sentenced to death following the Haymarket Affair.
• 😀 The Haymarket incident sparked global protests, leading to the establishment of May 1st as International Workers' Day in 1889 by the International Labor Congress in Paris.
• 😀 In Indonesia, May Day was first commemorated in 1918 by the Kung Tangwi Workers' Union after protests over poor working conditions and low wages.
• 😀 May Day celebrations in Indonesia faced suppression in 1926 due to conflicts between workers and employers.
• 😀 On May 1, 1946, the Indonesian government officially allowed May Day celebrations to resume under Law No. 12 of 1948, which protected workers' rights to participate.
• 😀 In 2013, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono declared May 1st a national holiday in Indonesia, recognizing the importance of International Workers' Day.

Q & A

Why is May Day or International Workers' Day observed on May 1st?

May Day is observed on May 1st to commemorate the Haymarket affair in Chicago on May 4, 1886, when a bombing during a workers' demonstration led to the deaths of both police officers and demonstrators.

What were the main demands of workers during the 1886 strike in the United States?

The main demand was to reduce working hours to eight hours per day. At the time, workers were averaging 18 to 20 hours of work per day.

What was the Haymarket incident and why was it significant?

The Haymarket incident occurred on May 4, 1886, when an unknown group threw a bomb at police during a workers' demonstration. The explosion resulted in casualties among both police officers and demonstrators. This incident led to increased repression against the labor movement.

What was the response of the government following the Haymarket incident?

Following the incident, the government blamed the labor movement, leading to the arrest and execution of several key labor leaders, including Albert Parsons.

How did the international labor movement respond to the Haymarket affair?

In 1889, the International Labor Congress in Paris decided to observe May 1st as a day of solidarity for workers worldwide, in memory of the Haymarket affair and to support workers' rights.

When did May Day become officially recognized in Indonesia?

May Day became officially recognized in Indonesia in 1918 when workers organized protests following criticism from Dutch socialist Adolf Bars regarding the unfair treatment of workers and the exploitation of land by capitalists.

What happened to May Day observances in Indonesia in 1926?

In 1926, May Day observances were banned by the government due to the growing conflicts between workers and employers. This restriction was lifted in 1946.

What law allowed for May Day to be celebrated again in Indonesia in 1946?

In 1946, May Day was reinstated as a recognized celebration under the Cabinet Syarir's decree, which was backed by Law No. 12 of 1948, guaranteeing workers the right to celebrate May Day.

How did May Day gain status as a national holiday in Indonesia?

In 2013, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono officially declared May 1st as a national holiday in Indonesia, recognizing it as a day to honor workers.

What historical significance does May Day hold for labor movements around the world?

May Day is a symbol of labor solidarity, stemming from the global struggles for better working conditions, fair wages, and workers' rights, especially in the aftermath of the 1886 Haymarket affair.