BIOGRAFI KI HAJAR DEWANTARA BAPAK PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA

Summary

Ki Hajar Dewantara, born Raden Masuardi Surjaningrat on May 2, 1889, in Yogyakarta, was a pioneering figure in Indonesia's education. A nobleman by birth, he became a journalist and anti-colonial activist, ultimately exiled by the Dutch for his writings. Returning to Indonesia in 1919, he founded Taman Siswa in 1922, revolutionizing the education system with his philosophy of 'Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodo, Ing Madyo Mangun Karso, Tut Wuri Handayani.' Honored as 'Father of National Education' and 'National Hero' after Indonesia's independence, he remains a symbol of educational reform. He passed away on April 26, 1959, and is celebrated every year on National Education Day.

Takeaways

• 😀 Ki Hajar Dewantara, born as Raden Mas Soerjaningrat on May 2, 1889, is regarded as the Father of National Education in Indonesia.
• 😀 He was born into a noble family and educated in elite schools, including a European school and a medical school in Batavia (now Jakarta).
• 😀 Dewantara pursued a career in journalism, where his anti-colonial views led to his imprisonment and exile by the Dutch colonial government.
• 😀 His famous anti-colonial writings criticized the Dutch for exploiting the native people, and he was involved in major political organizations like Budi Utomo.
• 😀 Ki Hajar Dewantara founded Taman Siswa in 1922, an educational institution that aimed to provide quality education for native Indonesians during colonial times.
• 😀 His educational philosophy included the famous motto: 'Ing ngarsa sung tulodo, Ing madya mangun karso, Tut wuri handayani', emphasizing leadership by example, inspiration, and encouragement.
• 😀 He was appointed as Indonesia's Minister of Education after independence and played a major role in shaping the nation's education system.
• 😀 Dewantara was awarded honorary degrees, including a Doctorate from Gadjah Mada University, in recognition of his contributions to education.
• 😀 May 2, the date of his birth, is annually observed as National Education Day in Indonesia.
• 😀 He passed away on April 26, 1959, and was buried in Yogyakarta, with his image later being featured on the Rp20,000 banknote as a tribute to his legacy.

Q & A

Who was Ki Hajar Dewantara and what is he known for?

Ki Hajar Dewantara was an Indonesian national hero known for his pioneering efforts in education for indigenous Indonesians during the colonial era. He is widely recognized as a key figure in advancing education for the native population in Indonesia.

What was Ki Hajar Dewantara's birth name and when was he born?

Ki Hajar Dewantara was born as Raden Mas Suwardi Surjaningrat on May 2, 1889, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Why is May 2nd celebrated annually in Indonesia?

May 2nd is celebrated annually as National Education Day in Indonesia, in honor of Ki Hajar Dewantara's contributions to the advancement of education in the country.

What were Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational background and early schooling?

Ki Hajar Dewantara first attended an ELS (Europeesche Lagere School), a primary school for European and noble children. He then continued his education at Stovia, a medical school for native Indonesians, although he did not complete his studies due to health issues.

What profession did Ki Hajar Dewantara pursue before fully dedicating himself to education?

Before focusing on education, Ki Hajar Dewantara worked as a journalist and writer for several newspapers, where he expressed his anti-colonial sentiments.

What is the significance of the quote written by Ki Hajar Dewantara in the 'Java Express' newspaper?

The quote from Ki Hajar Dewantara in 'Java Express' was critical of the Dutch colonial government's celebrations of independence, highlighting the injustice of asking native Indonesians to fund such celebrations. This statement led to his arrest and exile.

What happened to Ki Hajar Dewantara after his critical writings?

After his writings against the Dutch colonial government, Ki Hajar Dewantara was arrested and exiled to Bangka Island, where he requested the exile. He was later sent to the Netherlands, where he further developed his ideas on education.

How did Ki Hajar Dewantara contribute to the development of education in Indonesia after his return?

After returning to Indonesia in 1919, Ki Hajar Dewantara joined the Taman Siswa school founded by his brother, where he developed a new educational concept. He founded the Taman Siswa Institute in 1922, which became a major educational institution.

What is the significance of Ki Hajar Dewantara’s motto 'Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani'?

The motto 'Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani' translates to 'In front, giving example; in the middle, building spirit; behind, giving encouragement.' It remains a guiding principle in Indonesia's education system.

What recognition did Ki Hajar Dewantara receive for his contributions to Indonesia's education?

Ki Hajar Dewantara was appointed as Indonesia's Minister of Education by President Sukarno after independence. He was also honored with a doctorate, named 'Father of National Education,' and declared a National Hero of Indonesia.