Seperti Inilah Bentuk Ibukota Majapahit Di Masa Puncak Kejayaannya?

Summary

The transcript describes the rise and peak of the Majapahit Empire, founded by Raden Wijaya in 1293 CE and reaching its height under King Hayam Wuruk, who ruled from 1350 to 1389 CE. Key figures like Gajah Mada played a crucial role in uniting the archipelago under Majapahit's banner. The capital, Trowulan, is detailed through accounts from historical figures like Ma Huan and Odoric of Pordenone, who described its grandeur, with magnificent palaces and intricate details. The narrative highlights the splendor of Majapahit's architecture and its influence in Southeast Asia during its golden era.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Majapahit Kingdom, founded by Raden Wijaya in 1293, reached its peak under the rule of King Hayam Wuruk (1350–1389).
• 😀 Hayam Wuruk ascended the throne at the age of 16 after the death of his mother, Gayatri, and began his reign with the help of Mahapatih Gajah Mada.
• 😀 Mahapatih Gajah Mada aimed to unite the Nusantara under the Majapahit flag, successfully consolidating many smaller kingdoms into the empire.
• 😀 The Majapahit capital city, Trowulan, was described by the Chinese diplomat Ma Huan during his visit in 1413, noting that most cities had no walls.
• 😀 Ma Huan described the royal palace in Majapahit, which was surrounded by a thick red brick wall, with a two-story building made of wood, with floors covered in mats and rattan.
• 😀 The palace’s design was very different from the one described by the Italian traveler Odoric of Pordenone, who visited earlier during the reign of Jayanegara (1309–1328).
• 😀 Odoric’s account painted a picture of a majestic palace, with walls coated in gold and silver, and stairs alternating between gold and silver.
• 😀 Odoric also described the Majapahit palace’s roof made of pure gold, with floors covered in square plates of gold and silver, adorned with carved warrior figures in gold.
• 😀 Both Ma Huan and Odoric's accounts suggest that the royal palace was one of the most magnificent in the world, surpassing the splendor of European palaces of the time.
• 😀 Local descriptions of the Majapahit capital, such as in the Kakawin Nagarakretagama by Empu Prapanca, also mention the surrounding high brick walls and the significant public spaces, including the alun-alun and witana, where the king could observe public activities.

Q & A

Who founded the Majapahit Kingdom, and when was it established?

The Majapahit Kingdom was founded by Raden Wijaya in 1293 AD.

When did the Majapahit Kingdom reach its peak of power?

The Majapahit Kingdom reached its peak of power during the reign of King Hayam Wuruk, from 1350 to 1389 AD.

What happened after the death of Gayatri Tribuana Tungga Dewi in 1350?

After the death of Gayatri Tribuana Tungga Dewi, the Majapahit throne was passed to her son, Hayam Wuruk, who became king at the age of 16.

Who was Hayam Wuruk's key advisor during his reign?

Hayam Wuruk was supported by Mahapatih Gajah Mada, who was instrumental in the expansion and unity of the Nusantara region under Majapahit.

How did Mahapatih Gajah Mada contribute to the Majapahit Empire?

Mahapatih Gajah Mada worked towards unifying the Nusantara region under the Majapahit flag, successfully bringing various kingdoms in the region into the empire.

Who was the ruler of Majapahit when the Chinese navigator Ma Huan visited the kingdom in 1413?

At the time of Ma Huan's visit in 1413, Majapahit was ruled by King Wikramawardana.

What did Ma Huan describe about Majapahit during his visit?

Ma Huan described the Majapahit city as lacking walls around most of the cities, but he noted the presence of a walled palace where the king resided, which was surrounded by thick brick walls.

What was the difference between Ma Huan's and Odoric of Pordenone's descriptions of Majapahit?

Ma Huan's description was of the outskirts of Majapahit, while Odoric of Pordenone, who visited the kingdom earlier during King Jayanegara's reign, described a grand and opulent palace with gold and silver details.

What did Odoric of Pordenone note about the palace's grandeur?

Odoric of Pordenone noted that the Majapahit palace was larger and more magnificent than any European palace, with walls and decorations made from gold and silver, and the roof covered in gold.

How did the local historical texts, like Kakawin Nagara Kertagama, describe the Majapahit palace?

Local historical texts, such as Kakawin Nagara Kertagama by Empu Prapanca, describe the Majapahit palace as being surrounded by high, thick brick walls, with a vast area behind the palace for two high-ranking religious officials and a large open space called 'Wanguntur' for the king to observe events.