REKONSTRUKSI IBUKOTA DAN ISTANA MAJAPAHIT DI TROWULAN

Summary

The Majapahit Kingdom, established in 1293 by Raden Wijaya, was one of the largest and most powerful empires in Southeast Asia. Its peak came under the rule of Hayam Wuruk and his prime minister, Gajah Mada, known for his 'Sumpah Palapa' vow. The capital, Trowulan in East Java, became a hub for administration, trade, and culture. Archaeological findings in the area, such as temples, palaces, and artifacts, offer insights into the daily life and religious practices of the Majapahit people. Modern research using GIS technology confirms the kingdom’s grandeur, preserving its historical legacy for future generations.

Takeaways

• 😀 Majapahit was one of the largest and strongest kingdoms in the Nusantara, founded in 1293 by Raden Wijaya.
• 😀 The kingdom reached its peak during the reign of Hayam Wuruk, supported by his prime minister, Gajah Mada.
• 😀 The location of the Majapahit capital was in Trowulan, Mojokerto, East Java, which remains a site of archaeological significance.
• 😀 Trowulan was not only a political and administrative hub but also a cultural center and bustling trade city.
• 😀 Archaeological findings in Trowulan, including temples, pools, and ruins, provide insights into the grandeur of Majapahit.
• 😀 Artifacts such as statues and jewelry found at the site help understand the daily life and religious practices of Majapahit society.
• 😀 The historical importance of Trowulan is confirmed through GIS technology and research by Gomperts and others, aligning with ancient texts like 'Nagara Kertagama.'
• 😀 The combination of field research and modern technology has improved our understanding of Majapahit’s history and preservation efforts.
• 😀 The 'Nagara Kertagama' text describes the impressive features of the Majapahit capital, including a large temple wall, a royal courtyard, and various administrative spaces.
• 😀 Trowulan reflects the complexity and sophistication of Majapahit’s urban planning, with specific zones for rulers, scholars, and religious figures.
• 😀 Despite the decline of Majapahit, the remnants of its capital in Trowulan serve as enduring witnesses to the kingdom’s once vast influence across the archipelago.

Q & A

What is the Majapahit Kingdom known for in Indonesian history?

The Majapahit Kingdom is one of the largest and most powerful kingdoms in the history of the Indonesian archipelago. It reached its peak during the reign of King Hayam Wuruk and Prime Minister Gajah Mada, who is famous for his 'Sumpah Palapa'.

When was the Majapahit Kingdom founded, and by whom?

The Majapahit Kingdom was founded in 1293 by Raden Wijaya.

What was the significance of Trowulan during the Majapahit Kingdom?

Trowulan, located in Mojokerto, East Java, served as the capital city of the Majapahit Kingdom during the reign of King Hayam Wuruk. It was an important center for administration, politics, culture, and trade.

What archaeological discoveries have been made in Trowulan that reflect the grandeur of the Majapahit Kingdom?

Archaeological findings in Trowulan include palace ruins, temples, pools, and various other structures, reflecting the grandeur and complexity of the city. Artifacts such as statues, jewelry, and everyday items have also been found, shedding light on the lives and religious practices of the Majapahit people.

How has modern technology contributed to the study of the Majapahit Kingdom's legacy?

Modern technologies like Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have played a significant role in confirming the existence of Majapahit remains in Trowulan. Research conducted by Gomperts and colleagues has provided strong confirmation, aligning with historical descriptions found in sources such as the Kakawin Nagarakertagama.

What role does the Kakawin Nagarakertagama play in understanding Majapahit's history?

The Kakawin Nagarakertagama is an important historical source that provides detailed descriptions of the Majapahit Kingdom, including its capital, administration, and the grandeur of its architecture. This work is critical in understanding the historical significance of Trowulan and other aspects of Majapahit culture.

What was the layout of the Majapahit Kingdom's capital city in Trowulan, as described in the text?

The capital city of Trowulan had a well-structured layout, including a high brick wall surrounding the royal palace. It featured gates, plazas, temple structures, and various halls, each serving different purposes such as administration, worship, and military affairs. Several descriptions, such as the 'Paseban' and 'Balai Agung,' highlight the city’s architectural and administrative importance.

What were some of the prominent architectural features of the Majapahit capital?

The Majapahit capital featured a series of majestic architectural elements, including high brick walls, gates with iron decorations, halls with intricate carvings, and temples dedicated to Hindu and Buddhist deities. The layout also included spaces for intellectuals, traders, and religious activities.

How did the Majapahit Kingdom's religious practices influence the city's architecture?

Religious practices, particularly those of Hinduism and Buddhism, influenced the design of the city's temples and other religious structures. For example, the temple areas were places for performing rituals, including sacrifices and prayers, reflecting the kingdom's devotion to its deities.

What does the Majapahit Kingdom's legacy represent for modern Indonesia?

The legacy of the Majapahit Kingdom represents a golden era of political power, cultural richness, and religious diversity in Indonesia. Trowulan, as the site of the former capital, serves as a testament to the kingdom's historical importance and is crucial for ongoing archaeological and preservation efforts.