Kuliah Biofarmasi-Biofarmasi sediaan obat parenteral

Summary

This video script discusses the concept of bio-pharmaceutical studies and parenteral drug formulations. It covers the importance of administering medications via parenteral routes, such as injections, especially in urgent conditions like anaphylactic shock. The script explains the various types of injections (e.g., intramuscular, intravenous) and the factors influencing drug absorption, such as blood flow and formulation. It also emphasizes the role of physical-chemical properties, including viscosity and the impact of molecular size, in determining the efficiency of drug absorption. The content aims to clarify the considerations and techniques in parenteral drug administration and their physiological implications.

Takeaways

• 😀 Parenteral drug forms are given directly into the body, bypassing the digestive system for faster effects, often used in emergency conditions like shock or anaphylaxis.
• 😀 The route of administration for parenteral drugs varies (e.g., intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous) depending on the drug's target site and urgency.
• 😀 Intramuscular injections target muscle tissue and are given at a 90-degree angle, while subcutaneous injections are given at a 45-degree angle, targeting the hypodermis.
• 😀 Intravenous injections avoid absorption and directly introduce the drug into the bloodstream, resulting in rapid effects without needing digestive processing.
• 😀 Parenteral drug forms are beneficial when oral administration is not possible due to degradation in the digestive tract, like insulin or penicillin.
• 😀 Factors affecting the absorption and effectiveness of parenteral drugs include blood flow at the injection site, the drug's formulation, and its chemical properties.
• 😀 A drug's viscosity affects the absorption rate: the thicker the solution, the slower the absorption.
• 😀 The choice of drug administration method depends on the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as its stability, ability to be absorbed, and required effect duration.
• 😀 The role of pharmacist training is more about understanding the properties and uses of parenteral drug forms, rather than administering them, which is typically a medical or nursing responsibility.
• 😀 Different drug forms like suspensions, solutions, or oils influence absorption rates, with certain formulations designed to prolong the drug's activity or prevent rapid release.

Q & A

What is the main purpose of parenteral drug administration?

The main purpose of parenteral drug administration is to deliver drugs directly into the bloodstream or other tissues, bypassing the digestive system for rapid absorption and action, particularly in emergency situations.

Why are certain drugs, like insulin and penicillin, given via parenteral routes instead of orally?

Drugs like insulin and penicillin are administered via parenteral routes because they can be destroyed by digestive enzymes or intestinal flora if taken orally, rendering them ineffective.

What are the main types of parenteral drug administration routes?

The main types of parenteral drug administration routes include intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), intravenous (IV), intracutaneous (IC), and intra-articular (IA).

How does the injection angle differ for intramuscular and subcutaneous drug administrations?

For intramuscular injections, the needle is inserted at a 90° angle, while for subcutaneous injections, the needle is typically inserted at a 45° angle.

What is the significance of intravenous (IV) drug administration?

Intravenous (IV) drug administration is significant because it bypasses the absorption phase and delivers the drug directly into the bloodstream for immediate effect, making it ideal in urgent medical situations.

What physiological factors influence the absorption rate of parenteral drugs?

Factors such as blood flow at the injection site, temperature, and massage of the site influence the absorption rate of parenteral drugs. Sites with higher blood flow tend to absorb drugs faster.

How do chemical properties of a drug, such as solubility and viscosity, affect its absorption in parenteral administration?

The solubility and viscosity of a drug determine how quickly it dissolves and is absorbed. Drugs in aqueous solutions are absorbed faster than those in oily suspensions, which take longer to absorb.

What role do excipients play in parenteral drug formulations?

Excipients, or inactive ingredients, in parenteral drug formulations can influence the drug's release rate and absorption. For instance, some excipients may slow down the absorption process, extending the duration of the drug's action.

How do anatomical and physiological factors at the injection site affect drug absorption?

The anatomical structure and physiological characteristics of the injection site, such as blood flow and tissue composition, affect the rate of drug absorption. Sites with high vascularity, like muscle tissue, absorb drugs more quickly than those with less blood flow, like subcutaneous tissue.

What is the significance of bioavailability studies in evaluating parenteral drug formulations?

Bioavailability studies are crucial for evaluating parenteral drug formulations as they assess how much of the active drug reaches the bloodstream and how quickly, which is key to determining the effectiveness of the formulation.