Materi 7. DDS pertemuan Akhir - Materi

Summary

The video lecture discusses various drug delivery methods, including transdermal, transmucosal, injectable, and parenteral systems. It covers techniques like iontophoresis, controlled release formulations, and emerging technologies such as Pharma 4.0. The lecture emphasizes advancements in painless, efficient drug delivery, focusing on gradual release mechanisms, personalized medicine, and improving patient adherence. Key innovations include microneedles and smart pumps that ensure controlled, sustained drug release, particularly beneficial for chronic conditions. The lecture encourages further research on controlled release and encapsulation technologies to enhance therapeutic outcomes and patient care.

Takeaways

• 😀 The lecture focused on transdermal drug delivery methods, which involve administering drugs through the skin.
• 😀 Different techniques for transdermal drug administration were discussed, including natural methods and iontophoresis, which uses electrodes to force the drug into the skin.
• 😀 Transmucosal drug delivery involves applying medication to the inner cheek, while inhalation methods are also used for conditions like asthma and require faster drug absorption.
• 😀 Inhalation methods, such as aerosol sprays, have limitations regarding speed of action and require further development for faster drug delivery.
• 😀 Parenteral drug delivery systems, such as injections (e.g., insulin), offer faster absorption and action compared to oral or transdermal methods.
• 😀 Three main types of injections were covered: intramuscular, intravenous, and subcutaneous, with intravenous offering the fastest action due to direct blood flow.
• 😀 Controlled-release parenteral drug delivery techniques were discussed, including using solutions with specific viscosities or vehicles like water-miscible agents.
• 😀 The concept of drug encapsulation and absorption was explained, focusing on microencapsulation for controlled drug release.
• 😀 Modern drug delivery methods aim to release medication gradually, reducing the need for repeated injections and improving patient compliance.
• 😀 The ultimate goal of pharmaceutical advancements is to make drug administration less invasive and more comfortable for patients, including elderly or forgetful individuals, by ensuring drugs are released gradually and continuously.

Q & A

What is transdermal drug delivery, and how is it applied?

Transdermal drug delivery involves administering drugs through the skin. This can be achieved using patches or techniques like iontophoresis, where a drug is forced into the skin using electric currents. It is commonly used for hormone replacement, local anesthetics, or other therapeutic purposes.

What is iontophoresis, and how does it work?

Iontophoresis is a method of drug delivery where a drug is pushed into the skin using an electric current. The current helps drive the drug through the skin, allowing it to enter the bloodstream and circulate within the body.

What types of inhalation drug delivery systems were discussed in the lecture?

The lecture covered inhalation drug delivery systems, including inhalers for conditions like asthma and bronchodilators. These systems use aerosol forms of medication that are inhaled, although their effectiveness can be slow, requiring improvements in delivery speed and drug solubility.

What are the differences between intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injections?

Intravenous (IV) injections are delivered directly into the bloodstream, providing the fastest effect. Intramuscular (IM) injections are administered into the muscle, and subcutaneous (SC) injections are delivered just under the skin. IV injections provide the quickest action, while IM and SC offer slower drug release.

What is the significance of controlled-release drug delivery systems?

Controlled-release systems are designed to release drugs gradually over time, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels without the need for frequent re-administration. This technology is particularly useful for medications like insulin or other long-term treatments.

What role do water-miscible vehicles play in drug delivery?

Water-miscible vehicles are solutions that can mix with water and are used to dissolve or suspend drugs in drug delivery systems. These vehicles help in the controlled release of the drug by serving as the medium for transport, ensuring the drug is properly delivered and absorbed.

What is encapsulation, and how does it relate to drug delivery systems?

Encapsulation involves enclosing a drug within a solid capsule or barrier to control its release. This technique ensures that the drug is released gradually or in a targeted manner, minimizing side effects and optimizing therapeutic effects.

How does esterification influence drug absorption?

Esterification is the process of chemically modifying a drug by attaching an ester group to it. This can alter the drug’s absorption rate, making it more suitable for controlled-release formulations. It helps regulate how quickly or slowly the drug is absorbed into the body.

What is Pharma 4.0, and how does it impact drug delivery?

Pharma 4.0 refers to the integration of advanced technologies like micro-robots and AI in drug delivery systems. This approach allows for precise, controlled, and gradual drug release, improving treatment outcomes by ensuring patients receive medications at the right time and dosage.

What are the benefits of using micro-robotics in drug delivery systems?

Micro-robotics in drug delivery systems allow for precise control over the timing and release of medications. These robots can release drugs gradually, eliminating the need for frequent injections and enhancing patient compliance, especially for those with chronic conditions.