Sejarah Konferensi Meja Bundar (KMB) | Latar Belakang, Isi, Tokoh-Tokoh Penting

Summary

The video provides a concise overview of the *Konferensi Meja Bundar* (KMB), a pivotal meeting held between Indonesia, the Netherlands, and the BFO (Dutch-created states) in 1949. The KMB aimed to resolve the ongoing conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands, despite Indonesia's declaration of independence in 1945. Following multiple failed negotiations, the KMB led to the recognition of Indonesia as the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS), the transfer of sovereignty from the Netherlands, and the establishment of critical agreements regarding territorial disputes and military integration. The event culminated in Indonesia's full sovereignty on December 27, 1949.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Round Table Conference (KMB) was a meeting between representatives of Indonesia, the Netherlands, and the Dutch-created BFO countries to resolve ongoing issues between Indonesia and the Netherlands.
• 😀 The conference was held in The Hague, Netherlands from August 23 to November 2, 1949, with the aim of addressing the dispute following Indonesia's declaration of independence in 1945.
• 😀 Despite Indonesia's independence proclamation in 1945, the Netherlands continued to attempt to control Indonesia, leading to the need for the KMB to resolve the conflict.
• 😀 Prior to KMB, three high-level meetings took place between Indonesia and the Netherlands: the Linggarjati Agreement (1947), the Renville Agreement (1948), and the Romroyen Agreement (1949). None of these led to a final resolution.
• 😀 On December 18, 1948, the Netherlands launched a second military aggression against Indonesia, violating the Renville Agreement and further escalating tensions.
• 😀 The international community, especially the United Nations, condemned the Dutch aggression, which led to the capture of key Indonesian leaders such as Sukarno and Hatta in January 1949.
• 😀 Following pressure from the United Nations, a Romroyen negotiation between the Netherlands and Indonesia took place in April 1949, leading to the agreement on holding the KMB in The Hague.
• 😀 Key outcomes of the KMB included the recognition of Indonesia as the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) and an agreement for the Netherlands to transfer sovereignty to RIS by the end of 1949.
• 😀 The KMB also addressed issues like the return of Dutch property rights in Indonesia, the resolution of the Irian Barat dispute, and the integration of Dutch military forces into the RIS army.
• 😀 The final transfer of sovereignty took place on December 27, 1949, and Indonesia officially gained its full independence, marking a significant milestone in its history.

Q & A

What was the purpose of the Round Table Conference (KMB)?

The Round Table Conference (KMB) aimed to resolve the ongoing conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands, particularly regarding Indonesia's independence after the declaration of independence on August 17, 1945.

When did the Round Table Conference (KMB) take place?

The KMB was held in The Hague, Netherlands, from August 23 to November 2, 1949.

Who were the parties involved in the Round Table Conference?

The parties involved in the KMB were representatives from the Republic of Indonesia, the Netherlands, and the Dutch Federalist Organization (BFO), which represented several Dutch-created states in the Indonesian archipelago.

What were the previous efforts before the KMB to resolve the conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands?

Before the KMB, there were three significant meetings: the Linggarjati Agreement (1947), the Renfield Agreement (1948), and the Romroyen Agreement (1949), but none resulted in a conclusive resolution.

What led to the KMB being held in 1949?

The KMB was prompted by the failure of earlier agreements and the Dutch military aggression against Indonesia in 1948, as well as international pressure, including condemnation from the United Nations (UN).

What happened during the Dutch military aggression of 1948?

The Dutch launched their second military aggression against Indonesia on December 18, 1948, violating the previously agreed Renfield Agreement and capturing Indonesian leaders, including Sukarno and Hatta.

What were the key outcomes of the Round Table Conference?

The key outcomes of the KMB included the recognition of the Republic of Indonesia as the Dutch East Indies Federation (RIS), the return of Indonesian sovereignty, and the agreement on future military integration and financial responsibility.

What was the significance of the RIS (Republic of the United States of Indonesia)?

The RIS was the political entity that resulted from the KMB, where the Netherlands recognized Indonesia's sovereignty but under a federal system, and the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS) was established as the new country.

What did the agreement between the Netherlands and Indonesia include regarding military forces?

The agreement stipulated that the Dutch military forces (KNIL) would integrate into the Indonesian military (APRIS), with the responsibility for maintaining security gradually transferred to the RIS forces.

When was the sovereignty transfer ceremony held, and where?

The sovereignty transfer ceremony took place on December 27, 1949, and was conducted simultaneously in Amsterdam and Jakarta.

Who were some of the notable figures involved in the KMB?

Notable figures involved in the KMB included Mohammad Hatta, Mohammad Rum, Prof. Dr. Johannes Leimena, Misastro Amijojo, Suyono Hadinoto, and others who played key roles in representing Indonesia during the conference.