ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE (KMB): BACKGROUND, CONTENT AND FIGURES INVOLVED

Summary

The video discusses the history and significance of the Round Table Conference (KMB) held between Indonesia, the Netherlands, and the BFO in The Hague from August 23 to November 2, 1949. Despite Indonesia's declaration of independence in 1945, the Netherlands continued to resist sovereignty. The KMB aimed to resolve this conflict, culminating in the Netherlands' agreement to transfer sovereignty to Indonesia. Key decisions included the recognition of Indonesia as a sovereign state, the formation of the United States of Indonesia (RIS), and the resolution of territorial and financial disputes. The sovereignty transfer was finalized on December 27, 1949.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Round Table Conference (KMB) was held in The Hague, Netherlands, from August 23 to November 2, 1949, to resolve the conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands.
• 😀 The KMB involved representatives from Indonesia, the Netherlands, and the BFO (a coalition of states formed by the Netherlands in Indonesia).
• 😀 Indonesia had declared its independence on August 17, 1945, but the Netherlands continued to resist recognizing it, leading to ongoing tensions and negotiations.
• 😀 Prior to the KMB, Indonesia and the Netherlands held three major meetings to resolve the conflict: the Linggarjati Agreement (1947), the Renville Agreement (1948), and the Roem Royen Agreement (1949).
• 😀 Despite these efforts, the agreements failed to resolve the issues, particularly due to violations by the Netherlands, such as Military Aggression 1 and 2 in 1947 and 1948.
• 😀 The UN Security Council intervened in January 1949, rebuking the Netherlands and demanding the restoration of Indonesia’s government.
• 😀 The Roem Royen Agreement in May 1949 set the stage for the KMB by agreeing on several conditions, including the restoration of Indonesia's government to Yogyakarta.
• 😀 The KMB resulted in Indonesia being recognized as a sovereign state, forming the United States of Indonesia (RIS) with 15 states.
• 😀 The KMB agreement also established a Dutch-Indonesian Union and outlined the status of West Irian, which would be determined within a year.
• 😀 The formal transfer of sovereignty occurred on December 27, 1949, with the signing of the sovereignty handover in Amsterdam and Jakarta.
• 😀 Key figures involved in the KMB negotiations included Muhammad Hatta, Muhammad Roem, Soepomo, and several other Indonesian leaders, alongside Dutch officials.

Q & A

What was the Round Table Conference (KMB) and when was it held?

The Round Table Conference (KMB) was a meeting between representatives of the Republic of Indonesia, the Netherlands, and the BFO (representing various countries in the Indonesian archipelago). It took place from 23 August to 2 November 1949 in The Hague, Netherlands.

What was the main goal of the Round Table Conference?

The main goal of the Round Table Conference was to resolve the ongoing issues between Indonesia and the Netherlands, especially after Indonesia proclaimed its independence in 1945 while the Dutch were still attempting to control the country.

What were the previous attempts made to resolve the conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands before the KMB?

Prior to the KMB, three high-level meetings were held: the Linggarjati Agreement (1947), the Renville Agreement (1948), and the Roem Royen Agreement (1949). However, none of these resulted in a clear resolution of the conflict.

What was the significance of the military aggression by the Dutch in December 1948?

The military aggression by the Dutch in December 1948 violated previous agreements, including the Renville Agreement. This led to increased international pressure and further negotiations to resolve the issue.

How did the United Nations react to the Dutch military aggression in 1948?

On January 28, 1949, the United Nations Security Council rebuked the Netherlands, demanding the return of Indonesian officials and the restoration of the Indonesian government.

What were the outcomes of the Roem Royen negotiations in 1949?

The Roem Royen negotiations ended on May 7, 1949, and resulted in several agreements, including the approval of the KMB implementation in The Hague, the return of the Indonesian government to Yogyakarta, and a ceasefire.

What was the main result of the Round Table Conference for Indonesia?

The main result of the Round Table Conference was the recognition of Indonesia as the United Republic of Indonesia (RIS), which was granted full sovereignty and independence by the Netherlands.

What was the status of West Irian (Western New Guinea) after the KMB?

Under the KMB agreement, the status of West Irian (Western New Guinea) was to be resolved within one year after the recognition of Indonesia's sovereignty.

What were some of the key agreements made during the Round Table Conference?

Key agreements included the recognition of Indonesia's sovereignty, the formation of the United States of Indonesia (RIS), the restoration of Dutch property rights, and the creation of a Dutch-Indonesian Union.

When did the official handover of sovereignty take place and where was the signing held?

The official handover of sovereignty took place on December 27, 1949. The signing of the sovereignty transfer text occurred in two cities: Amsterdam and Jakarta.

Who were some of the key figures involved in the Round Table Conference?

Key figures involved in the KMB included Muhammad Hatta, Muhammad Roem, Mr. Soepomo, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Mr. Ali Sastroamidjojo, Engineer Juanda Sukiman, Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, and others.