KERAJAAN MEDANG KAMULAN (DINASTI ISYANA)

Summary

This educational video discusses the history of the Medang Kamulan Kingdom and the Isyana Dynasty. It covers the political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of the kingdom, starting with the reign of Empu Sindok in 929 CE. The video explores the shift of the kingdom's capital, the rule of Airlangga, and the division of the kingdom into Kediri and Janggala after Airlangga’s retirement. It also highlights the kingdom’s economic activities, including trade and infrastructure developments, and the social structure, which was hierarchical. Religious and cultural practices, including Buddhism and Hinduism, are also mentioned.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Medang Kamulan Kingdom, also known as the Isyana Dynasty, was founded by Empu Sindok in 929 CE and marked the continuation of the ancient Mataram Kingdom.
• 😀 The shift of the capital from Central Java to East Java occurred due to natural disasters, including a major eruption of Mount Merapi, and internal family conflicts within the Mataram royal family.
• 😀 The Isyana Dynasty’s influence extended over East Java, Central Java, and Bali, with Empu Sindok ruling until 947 CE.
• 😀 After Empu Sindok, his daughter, Sri Isanatunggawijaya, married Sri Okala, and their son, Mahakota Wangsa Wardana, continued the dynastic line.
• 😀 Mahakota Wangsa Wardana’s reign was followed by Dharmawangsa, who faced significant challenges, including a catastrophic attack by the King of Wulawarwi, which caused the collapse of his kingdom in 106 CE.
• 😀 Airlangga, a key figure in the Isyana Dynasty, ascended the throne in 1019 CE after the fall of Dharmawangsa's kingdom, helped restore relations with the Srivijaya Kingdom, and unified the lands of the former Medang Kamulan.
• 😀 Airlangga's reign included the division of the kingdom into two parts, Kediri (West) and Janggala (East), to prevent internal conflict among his heirs.
• 😀 Airlangga's economic strategies involved strengthening trade and commerce, including enhancing the ports of Hujung Galuh and Tuban, which attracted ships from India, Burma, Cambodia, and Champa.
• 😀 The social structure of the Medang Kamulan Kingdom was feudal, with a hierarchical order from the royal family to commoners such as farmers, traders, and fishermen.
• 😀 During Empu Sindok’s time, Buddhist scriptures, particularly the Sang Kamahayanikan, were preserved, reflecting the kingdom’s connection to both Hinduism and Buddhism, despite Empu Sindok being a Hindu follower.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video?

The video focuses on the history of the Medang Kamulan kingdom, also known as the Isyana dynasty, and its political, economic, social, religious, and cultural life.

Who founded the Medang Kamulan kingdom and when?

The Medang Kamulan kingdom was founded by Empu Sindok in 929 AD after relocating the center of the Mataram kingdom from Central Java to East Java.

Why was the center of the Mataram kingdom moved to East Java?

The relocation of the Mataram kingdom's center was due to natural disasters, such as the eruption of Mount Merapi, and internal family conflicts within the Mataram royal family.

What was the role of Empu Sindok in the establishment of the Isyana dynasty?

Empu Sindok founded the Isyana dynasty after moving the kingdom's capital to Daha in East Java, marking the beginning of the Medang Kamulan kingdom's rule.

Who succeeded Empu Sindok in ruling the kingdom?

Empu Sindok's daughter, Sri Isana Tungga Wijaya, succeeded him, marrying Sri Okala and giving birth to Mahakuta Wangsa Wardana.

What happened to the Medang Kamulan kingdom under the rule of Dharmawangsa?

During Dharmawangsa's reign, the kingdom experienced a major crisis (pralaya) due to an invasion by King Wulawarwi, leading to the kingdom's downfall.

How did Airlangga contribute to the restoration of the kingdom?

Airlangga, after escaping the downfall of the kingdom, later united the regions once controlled by Dharmawangsa and restored order, eventually moving the capital to Kahuripan and re-establishing the kingdom.

What was Airlangga's decision regarding his throne later in life?

In 1042 AD, Airlangga abdicated the throne and became a hermit, adopting the name Si Gentayu, and later divided the kingdom into two parts to prevent a civil war between his sons.

What economic activities were significant for the Medang Kamulan kingdom?

The kingdom's economy was based on maritime trade, involving commodities like porcelain, rice, meat, and timber. Empu Sindok also built a dam for irrigation and fish farming.

How was the social structure organized in the Medang Kamulan kingdom?

The kingdom had a feudal social structure, with a hierarchy starting from the royal family, followed by nobility, bureaucrats, and then the common people such as farmers, traders, and fishermen.