KELAS X - KERAJAAN SRIWIJAYA ( Sejarah )

Summary

This video explores the history of the Sriwijaya Kingdom, a powerful maritime empire on the island of Sumatra. Known for its strong economy and military, Sriwijaya controlled important trade routes between India and China. The kingdom was also a major center of Mahayana Buddhism in Southeast Asia. Despite its strength, it faced multiple attacks, including from the Medang Kamulan and Cholamandala kingdoms, leading to its decline by the 12th century. The video also highlights key historical sources, inscriptions, and relics that provide insight into Sriwijaya's past.

Takeaways

• 📍 The Sriwijaya Kingdom was a maritime power located in Sumatra, with influence stretching from Cambodia to Borneo.
• 🌟 The name 'Sriwijaya' means 'glorious victory', reflecting the kingdom's military and economic prowess.
• 🏛 Historical sources like Chinese records and inscriptions provide evidence of Sriwijaya's existence, with the oldest inscription dating back to 686 AD.
• 🌐 Sriwijaya was initially centered in Muara Takus, Riau, before shifting its capital to Palembang for better regional control.
• 🙏 Buddhism flourished in Sriwijaya, making it a significant center of Mahayana Buddhism in Southeast and East Asia.
• 👑 The kingdom was founded by King Dapunta Hyang Srijayanasa and reached its zenith under King Balaputradewa in the 9th century.
• 🌊 Sriwijaya controlled key trade routes, including the Malacca and Sunda Straits, and was a hub for trade between India and China.
• 💰 The kingdom's economy was bolstered by trade in valuable commodities like spices, metals, and agricultural products.
• 🛳️ Sriwijaya had a strong naval fleet, cooperating with Indian and Chinese royal fleets to maintain its maritime dominance.
• 📉 The kingdom declined in the 12th century due to attacks from the Medang Kamulan Kingdom and the Cholamandala kingdom, as well as internal rebellions and external pressures.
• ⏳ The fall of Sriwijaya was marked by the conquest by the Majapahit in 1477, ending its rule and influence.

Q & A

What is the meaning of the name 'Sriwijaya'?

'Sriwijaya' comes from the Sanskrit words 'Sri,' meaning shining or radiant, and 'Wijaya,' meaning victory. Together, it means 'glorious victory.'

Where was the Sriwijaya Kingdom located?

The Sriwijaya Kingdom was a maritime kingdom located on the island of Sumatra, with its territory stretching from Cambodia, southern Thailand, the Malay Peninsula, Java, and the coasts of the island of Borneo.

What are the primary historical sources for learning about the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

The primary historical sources include Chinese news (especially from the Chinese monk I Tsing), as well as several inscriptions such as the Kedukan Bukit Inscription, Talang Tuo Inscription, and the Ligor Inscription.

What was the role of I Tsing in the history of Sriwijaya?

I Tsing was a Chinese monk who visited Sriwijaya in the 7th century. He observed that Sriwijaya was a center for Buddhism, where scholars studied under Buddhist teachers, such as Sakyakirti.

Where was the original center of the Sriwijaya Kingdom according to historical findings?

Originally, the center of the Sriwijaya Kingdom was believed to be in Muara Takus, Riau, as indicated by inscriptions and archaeological findings.

Who was the first king of the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

The first king of the Sriwijaya Kingdom was Dapunta Hyang Srijayanasa, as recorded in inscriptions such as the Talang Tuo and Kedukan Bukit inscriptions.

Which king led Sriwijaya to its golden age, and what were his accomplishments?

King Balaputradewa led Sriwijaya to its golden age in the 9th century. He established diplomatic relations with kingdoms in India, Bengal, and China, and maintained Sriwijaya's dominance in trade.

What were the main economic activities of the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

The people of Sriwijaya were mainly involved in trade and shipping, controlling the trade routes between India and China. They traded goods like frankincense, pepper, resin, metal, agarwood, cloves, and spices.

What were the factors that contributed to the prosperity of the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

Sriwijaya's prosperity was due to its strategic location along important trade routes, control over the Malacca and Sunda Straits, valuable agricultural products like spices and gold, and a strong naval fleet.

What factors led to the decline and fall of the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

The decline of Sriwijaya was caused by several factors, including attacks from the Medang Kamulan Kingdom in East Java, the Cholamandala Kingdom of India, internal revolts from conquered territories, pressure from the Thai Kingdom, and an eventual conquest by the Majapahit Empire in 1477 AD.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Introduction to Sriwijaya: A Kingdom of Power and Influence

The video begins with a formal greeting and an introduction to the topic of the Sriwijaya Kingdom, known for its economic and military strength. Sriwijaya's name is so influential that it has been adopted by various institutions, including Sriwijaya FC and Sriwijaya Air. The kingdom, located on Sumatra, had a vast territory stretching from Cambodia to Borneo. Despite its influence, no definitive evidence has pinpointed its exact location on Sumatra. Historical sources, such as Chinese accounts and inscriptions, provide key insights into the existence and prosperity of Sriwijaya. The oldest inscription, the 'Kota Kapur' inscription, dating back to 686 AD, offers one of the earliest mentions of the kingdom.

05:02

🧘‍♂️ The Growth of Buddhism and the Rise of King Dapunta Hyang Srijayanasa

Buddhism flourished in the Sriwijaya Kingdom, establishing it as a center for Mahayana Buddhism in Southeast Asia. Various accounts, including those from Tibet, describe how scholars traveled to Sriwijaya to study Buddhism. Politically, the kingdom was founded by King Dapunta Hyang Srijayanasa, who led a holy journey (sidatra) and established a firm rule. Sriwijaya reached its peak under King Balaputradewa in the 9th century, who extended the kingdom’s influence by establishing trade and diplomatic relations with India, Bengal, and China. Its strong naval power helped maintain dominance over trade routes, securing tribute from subordinate regions.

10:06

🚢 The Economic Prosperity and Factors Behind Sriwijaya's Dominance

Sriwijaya’s economy was heavily dependent on trade and shipping due to its strategic location between the Indian and Chinese trade routes. The kingdom traded a variety of goods such as incense, spices, and precious metals, benefiting from its control of key routes like the Strait of Malacca. The kingdom's wealth was bolstered by tribute from conquered regions and taxes on foreign ships. A powerful navy further ensured Sriwijaya's control over commerce. However, the kingdom eventually declined due to attacks from neighboring kingdoms, such as Medang Kamulan and Cholamandala, as well as internal fragmentation as regions began to break away.

⚔️ The Decline and Collapse of the Sriwijaya Kingdom

The Sriwijaya Kingdom began to decline around the 12th century due to several factors. The Medang Kamulan Kingdom of East Java attacked Sriwijaya, weakening it. Later, the Cholamandala Kingdom from India launched invasions that further destabilized the kingdom. Regions that were previously under Sriwijaya's control, such as Ligor and Kelantan, gradually broke away. Sriwijaya faced further pressure from the expanding Thai kingdom and was ultimately conquered by the Majapahit Kingdom in 1477, marking the end of its reign.

🏛️ Sriwijaya's Legacy: Inscriptions, Temples, and Historical Artifacts

Despite its fall, Sriwijaya left behind numerous relics that provide valuable insights into its history. These include inscriptions like the Bukit and Talang Tuo inscriptions, as well as temples such as the Biro Bahal and Muara Takus temples. These artifacts serve as lasting evidence of Sriwijaya's cultural and religious influence. The video closes by inviting viewers to ask questions in the comments, signaling the end of the discussion on the Sriwijaya Kingdom.

Keywords

💡Srivijaya Kingdom

The Srivijaya Kingdom was a prominent maritime empire based in Sumatra, Indonesia, known for its strong economy and military. It was a significant power in Southeast Asia from the 7th to the 12th century. The kingdom's influence stretched across various regions including parts of the Malay Peninsula, Java, and Borneo. The script mentions that the name 'Srivijaya' is derived from Sanskrit, meaning 'glorious victory', reflecting the kingdom's historical significance and its role as a center of Mahayana Buddhism in Southeast Asia.

💡Economy

The economy of the Srivijaya Kingdom was robust, primarily based on trade and shipping. Its strategic location between Indian and Chinese trade routes allowed it to control and profit from the exchange of valuable goods. The script highlights that the kingdom traded in commodities such as frankincense, pepper, resin, turtles, metal goods, camphor, agarwood, cloves, nutmeg, and cardamom, which were highly sought after in the region.

💡Military

The military strength of the Srivijaya Kingdom was a key factor in its dominance. The script indicates that the kingdom had a strong naval fleet, which was instrumental in maintaining control over trade routes and in conducting military expeditions to conquer foreign ports. This military prowess was further enhanced by alliances with royal fleets from India and China.

💡Buddhism

Buddhism played a central role in the Srivijaya Kingdom, with the kings appearing as protectors and devout followers of the religion. The script mentions that the kingdom was an important center of Mahayana Buddhism in Southeast Asia and East Asia, attracting scholars and priests from regions such as China and India.

Highlights

Sriwijaya is a maritime kingdom known for its strong economy and military.

The name Sriwijaya is also used by a football club and an airline from South Sumatra.

Sriwijaya is located on the island of Sumatra with a vast territory.

The name Sriwijaya comes from Sanskrit, meaning 'glorious victory'.

There is little evidence of the exact location of the Srivijaya Kingdom on Sumatra.

Chinese priest I Tsing visited Sumatra in the 7th century and found a village called Sriwijaya.

The oldest inscription mentioning Sriwijaya is from 686 AD, found on Bangka Island.

The center of Sriwijaya was initially in Muara Takus, Riau, not Palembang.

Sriwijaya was an important center of Mahayana Buddhism in Southeast Asia and East Asia.

The Sriwijaya Kingdom was founded by King Dapunta Hyang Srijayanasa.

King Balaputradewa established relations with kingdoms outside Indonesia, including India and China.

Sriwijaya controlled trade routes such as the Malacca Strait and the Sunda Strait.

The Sriwijaya people mostly lived from trade and shipping.

Sriwijaya's economy was supported by its strategic location and control over valuable trade routes.

Sriwijaya experienced a decline around the 12th century due to various factors.

The Cholamandala kingdom from India attacked Sriwijaya in 1023 AD and 1030 AD.

The Thai kingdom's expansion and the Majapahit attack in 1477 AD contributed to Sriwijaya's collapse.

Relics of the Srivijaya Kingdom include inscriptions and temples.

Transcripts

yes in advance Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh Good morning and greetings

to all of us today we will return to study history, especially history class 10 for

high school level. On this occasion we will discuss about a kingdom that is famous for its strong

economy and military, about a kingdom. Yes, that's right, that is the kingdom of

Sriwijaya, because the name Sriwijaya is famous, this name is also used by a

football club from South Sumatra, namely Sriwijaya FC. In addition, there is also the name of the airline

that is the pride of the people of South Sumatra, namely Sriwijaya Air.

let's discuss it together by listening to this video

before we discuss further about the Sriwijaya Kingdom. First, we must

first know the location and historical sources of the Sriwijaya Kingdom

, Sriwijaya is one of the maritime kingdoms located on the island of Sumatra,

its territory stretches from the Cambodian region, southern Thailand, the Malay Peninsula

, Java and the coast of the island of Borneo, Sriwijaya comes from the Sanskrit language, namely

Sri which means shining or shining and Wijaya means victory or

glory when combined or translated it means a glorious victory

Even though it is known to be economically and militarily strong but there is almost no evidence that shows

the exact location of the Srivijaya Kingdom on the island of Sumatra, therefore to find out more about

the existence of this Srivijaya kingdom, let's look at the historical

sources, the first historical source was from Chinese news, so at that time there was

a a Chinese priest named I Tsing who had visited Sumatra in

the 7th century There he found a village called Sriwijaya based on his observations

the village became the center of Buddhism who studied Buddhism on sakyakirti

well apart from Chinese news There is also a historical source. Inscriptions, for

example, are the limestone city inscription, the Kedukan Bukit Inscription, the Talang Tuo inscription

, the stone lake inscription and the Ligor inscription. Of the many inscriptions found, the oldest

inscription is the limestone town inscription found on Bangka Island and dates to 686 AD, meaning through

this inscription. The word Sriwijaya was first recognized in the inscription, it was also stated that the Earth

of Java did not want to submit to Srivijaya

. In addition, there are several notes about the contents of this inscription

.

Minangkaoman is a confluence area between the Kampar River right and the Kampar River left

where the river is located in the province of Riau. This statement shows that initially the center of the

Sriwijaya Kingdom was not centered in Palembang but in Muara Takus, Riau, this is supported by the findings of the

Ark .

the geological form of a stupa in Muara Takus while the control and relocation of the capital to Palembang

is intended so that Sriwijaya can easily control the surrounding area then let's see how

the socio-political and economic life of the Sriwijaya Kingdom is the social life of the Sriwijaya Kingdom.

in harmony the kings of Srivijaya always appear as protectors and devout religious adherents,

it is not surprising that Buddhism is growing rapidly Sriwijaya is even listed as

an important center of Mahayana Buddhism in Southeast Asia and East Asia. This is supported by

news from China, namely news from China. Tibet, namely the Atica priest, the Atsa priest, came

to Sriwijaya in order to learn Buddhism from a teacher named Dharma Palang,

then When viewed from the political life of the Sriwijaya Kingdom, the Sriwijaya Kingdom was

first founded by a king named Dapunta Hyang Srijayanasa or commonly referred

to as Srijayanasa, the name Dapuntah Srijayanasa became the first king in the Srivijaya Kingdom

based on a note from Itsing and notes from two inscriptions, namely the

Talangtuo inscription and the Kedukan Bukit inscription on the record and the inscription states

that the name Dapuntah Srijayanasa is a who was appointed king in the

Srivijaya Kingdom after making a holy journey or commonly known as sidatra using a boat.

The Srivijaya Kingdom reached a golden age under King Balaputradewa who ruled

around the 9th century. King Balaputradewa established relations with kingdoms outside Indonesia,

especially the kingdoms in India. Bengal and the Mandala pond as well as the Chinese empire

as a maritime kingdom of Srivijaya continued to maintain trade dominance through the conquest

of the Sriwijaya region, held a military expedition to conquer foreign Port Ports with

the embrace of the territory, Sriwijaya had a subordinate kingdom or article and can enjoy the

full results of the tribute The following is a list of kings who are strongly suspected of having ordered Sriwijaya

. Now, let's take a look at the economic life of the Srivijayan

people, the Srivijaya people mostly live from trade and shipping

. Its strategic location is between the Indian trade routes. and China made Sriwijaya develop

into a controlling kingdom of trade between India and China, meanwhile

the crops traded included frankincense, pepper, resin, turtles and

metal goods, besides that there were also such as camphor, agarwood, cloves, nutmeg and cardamom,

so in summary the progress of the Srivijaya Kingdom was supported by the following factors

, the first is strategically located in the trade route between India and China, the second

controls trade routes such as the Malacca Strait, the Sunda Strait, the Malay Peninsula and the Isthmus

of Kra, the third is agricultural products such as gold, silver and brakes. spices became a valuable commodity.

Fourth, the naval fleet was strong because of the cooperation with the royal fleets of

India and China. Then the fifth was abundant income from the tributes of the conquered kings.

Excise on foreign ships and merchandise and their own produce

. How the collapse of the Srivijaya kingdom Sriwijaya experienced a collapse or decline

around the 12th century, among others, caused by the following factors, the first was the attack

of the Medang Kamulan Kingdom in East Java when the Kamulan sword was under King Darmawangsa in

990 AD at that time Sriwijaya was ruled by the king. sudamani War Dewa although this attack did not succeed

, this attack was enough to weaken Srivijaya. The second was the attack of the Cholamandala kingdom from

India in 1023 AD and in 1030 AD there are no written sources about

the causes of the attack, but it is estimated that political problems and

trade competition between Then the three countries that had been conquered, such as Ligor, Isthmus,

Kra, Kelantan, Pahang, Jambi and Sunda, one by one, broke away from Srivijaya's rule, then

the fourth was pressed by the Thai kingdom which expanded its power

to the Malayan Peninsula, the fifth was the Majapahit attack in 1477 AD and

succeeded in conquering Sriwijaya and since then the power of the Srivijaya kingdom ended

. The following are relics of the Srivijaya Kingdom that we can see until

now. The first is the existence of an inscription, for example, the Bukit inscription, the

Talang Tuo inscription, the lake stone inscription, the limestone city inscription and the coral inscription, the

second is in the form of Examples of temples are the Biro Bahal Temple and the Muara Takus Temple. Well

, that's a glimpse of the Sriwijaya Kingdom. If you have any questions, please write your questions

in the comments column. That's all from me, thank you and Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh