Hakikat Negara

Summary

This educational video script provides an in-depth explanation of the concept of a state, its essential and supplementary elements, and the process of its formation. Key topics include the definition of a state, its constitutive elements (people, territory, government), and the importance of international recognition. The script also explores various theories about the origins of states, from natural evolution to theoretical constructs like the social contract and power theory. Additionally, it discusses the characteristics of a state, such as coercion, monopoly, and universality, as well as the primary objectives of a state, including the protection of citizens and the achievement of national goals.

Takeaways

• 😀 The concept of a state is rooted in the Latin word 'status' or 'Tatum', meaning to place or establish in a standing position.
• 😀 A state is defined as an organization within a specific territory that possesses legitimate authority over its people, according to the Indonesian Dictionary.
• 😀 The two main components required for the formation of a state are the constitutive elements: population, territory, and sovereignty, along with the declarative elements: recognition from other states.
• 😀 The population of a country is categorized into residents (those who live there long-term) and non-residents (temporary stayers like tourists), with distinctions made between citizens and foreign nationals.
• 😀 A country's territory includes land, water, air, and extraterritorial regions like embassies and consulates.
• 😀 Government is the apparatus of the state responsible for fulfilling national objectives. It encompasses the executive, legislative, and judicial branches in a broader sense.
• 😀 Recognition by other nations, both de facto (based on reality) and de jure (formal legal recognition), is crucial for the legitimacy of a state.
• 😀 States can emerge through natural processes, theoretical theories, or factual events. Natural processes involve the evolution of societal structures, while theories include social contract and force theories.
• 😀 The historical formation of a state can be seen through events like declarations of independence, separation, annexation, or the creation of new states from existing ones.
• 😀 The nature of a state is described through three main attributes: coercive power (enforcing laws and maintaining order), monopoly over decision-making, and inclusiveness of laws applying to everyone without exception.
• 😀 A state's goals include ensuring the welfare and development of its people, with various theories on state objectives ranging from the accumulation of power to the creation of peace and protection of individual freedoms.

Q & A

What is the definition of a 'state' according to the script?

The state is defined as an organization within a specific territory that holds the highest legitimate power and is obeyed by its people. It involves a group of social individuals living in a certain area, organized under political institutions and an effective government, with a sovereign political unity that determines its national goals.

What are the key components required for the formation of a state?

The formation of a state requires two main components: fundamental elements (which are essential for state creation) and additional elements (which are not mandatory at the time of state formation but can be fulfilled later). The fundamental elements include population, territory, and a sovereign government.

What are the different types of citizens and non-citizens described in the script?

Citizens are individuals who legally belong to a state's territory and possess nationality, either by birth or descent. Non-citizens are those residing temporarily in a state, such as foreign workers or tourists, and do not possess the state's nationality.

What is meant by the 'territory' of a state?

The territory of a state refers to the geographical area where the state operates, encompassing land, airspace, waters, and even extraterritorial areas such as embassies abroad. The state’s territory includes its land, territorial waters, airspace, and any areas outside its borders under specific legal agreements.

What is the difference between the 'de facto' and 'de jure' recognition of a state?

De facto recognition refers to the acknowledgment of a state's existence based on actual, factual circumstances, while de jure recognition is based on official legal acknowledgment under international law.

How does a state come into existence, according to the script?

A state can come into existence through natural, theoretical, or factual processes. The natural process involves the evolution of societies, such as the transformation of a family into a state. Theoretical processes include various theories such as the social contract or force theories, while factual processes involve actions like revolutions, separations, annexations, or formations from previously existing nations.

What are the key theories on the formation of a state discussed in the script?

The script mentions several theories: the social contract theory (where a state is formed through an agreement among people), force theory (where the stronger conquer and establish a state), divine theory (where the state is seen as a manifestation of God's will), historical theory (where states evolve naturally over time), and several others including the natural law theory and the theory of sovereignty.

What role does government play in a state?

The government is the key apparatus or instrument responsible for carrying out the state's functions and achieving national goals. It can be understood in both narrow (executive) and broad (all state organs including the legislative, executive, and judiciary) terms.

What are the characteristics of a state according to Miriam Budiardjo?

According to Miriam Budiardjo, the characteristics of a state are: the ability to enforce laws (coercive power), the monopoly on certain actions (like the use of military or police), and the ability to cover all aspects of society (making laws applicable to everyone without exception).

What are the goals of a state, as outlined in the script?

The goals of a state are to provide direction and structure for governance, ensuring the welfare and development of its people. The script references several theories, including those that prioritize the accumulation of power, the creation of global peace, or the protection of individual rights and freedoms.