Video Pembelajaran Ushul Fiqh II Materi "MASLAHAH MURSALAH"

Summary

In this video, Elsi Andriani, a sixth-semester student of Islamic Education at Sultan Thaha Syaifudin State Islamic University, Jambi, explains the concept of Maslahah Mursalah. She provides an overview of its linguistic and terminological meanings, highlighting its relevance in Islamic law. Elsi goes on to discuss various categories of Maslahah, such as essential, secondary, and supplementary benefits, as well as the division based on public or personal interests. The explanation also touches on how Maslahah can be consistent or changeable, and the different classifications based on syar'i support. The session concludes with an encouragement for further understanding and reflection on this important topic.

Takeaways

• 😀 Elsi Andriani is a student from the State Islamic University of Sultan Thaha Syaifudin Jambi, majoring in Islamic Education, and she introduces the topic of *Maslahah Mursalah* in her lecture.
• 😀 *Maslahah* means 'benefit' or 'goodness', while *Mursalah* means 'free' or 'unrestricted by legal texts like the Quran or Hadith'. Together, *Maslahah Mursalah* refers to beneficial practices not explicitly found in the Quran or Hadith but still aligned with Islamic law.
• 😀 *Maslahah Mursalah* aims to fulfill the objectives of Islamic law by ensuring societal benefits, even if the practice doesn't have direct textual support from the Quran or Hadith.
• 😀 There are several categories of *Maslahah Mursalah* based on different perspectives.
• 😀 **Maslahah Daururiyah** refers to fundamental human needs, such as protecting religion, life, intellect, lineage, and wealth.
• 😀 **Maslahah Hajiyah** relates to secondary needs that help complete or support basic human needs.
• 😀 **Maslahah Tashiniyah** refers to luxury or enhancements that improve comfort and quality of life.
• 😀 From the perspective of content, *Maslahah* can be divided into **Maslahah 'Ilamah** (public benefit) and **Maslahah Khosah** (individual benefit).
• 😀 In terms of change, **Maslahah Thabitah** refers to unchanging benefits, while **Maslahah Muthoyyirah** includes benefits that may vary according to time, place, or context.
• 😀 From a legal perspective, *Maslahah* can be categorized as **Maslahah Mu'tabarah** (supported by Islamic law), **Maslahah Mulghah** (rejected by Islamic law), and **Maslahah Mursalah** (unregulated but aligned with broader Islamic principles).
• 😀 The lecture concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding *Maslahah Mursalah* and its categories to apply them effectively in Islamic law and society.

Q & A

What is the definition of 'Maslahah Mursalah'?

Maslahah Mursalah is a concept in Islamic jurisprudence that refers to a benefit or good that is not explicitly mentioned in the Qur'an or Hadith, but is derived based on its alignment with the objectives of Islamic law.

What is the linguistic meaning of 'Maslahah'?

The term 'Maslahah' comes from the Arabic word 'Salaha,' meaning good, appropriate, or beneficial.

How is 'Maslahah Mursalah' distinguished from other legal concepts?

Maslahah Mursalah is distinct because it is a benefit not explicitly supported by specific texts of the Qur'an or Hadith, but aligns with the broader goals of Islamic law (Maqasid al-Shariah).

Who defined 'Maslahah Mursalah' in the context of Islamic jurisprudence?

The concept of Maslahah Mursalah was defined by Abu Zahra, who described it as a benefit that aligns with the objectives of Islamic law and is not contradicted by any specific religious texts.

What are the three main categories of Maslahah based on quality?

The three main categories of Maslahah based on quality are: Maslahah Daruriyah (essential needs), Maslahah Hajiyah (complementary needs), and Maslahah Tashiniyah (enhancing or embellishing needs).

What does 'Maslahah Daruriyah' refer to?

Maslahah Daruriyah refers to the essential benefits necessary for the survival and well-being of humans, including the preservation of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property.

What is the significance of 'Maslahah Hajiyah'?

Maslahah Hajiyah refers to benefits that enhance basic human needs, providing ease and facilitating a better quality of life, but not as critical as the essential needs of Maslahah Daruriyah.

How does 'Maslahah Tashiniyah' differ from other types of Maslahah?

Maslahah Tashiniyah refers to benefits that are more of an enhancement or luxury, not necessary for survival or quality of life but rather for comfort and added ease.

What are the two subcategories of Maslahah based on its content?

The two subcategories based on content are: Maslahah 'Ammah (general benefit) and Maslahah Khassah (private benefit).

How are 'Maslahah Muthoyyirah' and 'Maslahah Thabitah' different?

Maslahah Muthoyyirah refers to benefits that may change over time, depending on circumstances, while Maslahah Thabitah refers to permanent benefits that remain unchanged throughout time.