História e Contexto- Educação Ambiental na Escola(Parte 1)

Summary

This transcript outlines the origins and evolution of environmental education, beginning as part of a broader movement for environmental protection. It traces the rise of global awareness regarding environmental issues, starting from the 19th century, gaining momentum post-World War II, and culminating in key events like the 1972 Stockholm Conference. The document also explores significant environmental crises, movements, and debates, including pollution, deforestation, and the impacts of industrialization. Through pivotal events and conferences, environmental education emerged as a global priority, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary, participatory, and locally-focused approaches to solving environmental challenges.

Takeaways

• 😀 Education for the environment emerged as part of a broader movement, aiming to raise awareness about environmental issues through education.
• 😀 Environmental education began in the mid-20th century, with an early focus on the protection of natural resources and ecosystems.
• 😀 The post-World War II era saw increased global attention to environmental concerns, leading to the establishment of international organizations focused on nature conservation.
• 😀 Major environmental crises, such as pollution and ecological damage, began to catch the attention of the public, with specific cases like the Minamata disease in Japan highlighting the severity of the problem.
• 😀 The environmental movement gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s, with new social movements and international discussions beginning to frame environmental issues as global problems.
• 😀 The 1970s marked significant environmental awareness, with events like the creation of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the first UN Environmental Conference in Stockholm in 1972.
• 😀 In Brazil, movements against industrial pollution, such as the one in Cubatão, gained national attention, highlighting the dangers of unregulated industrial growth.
• 😀 The first intergovernmental environmental education conference in Tbilisi, Georgia in 1977 laid the groundwork for a global program of environmental education.
• 😀 The Tbilisi conference highlighted the need for environmental education to be comprehensive, including aspects of natural, social, economic, and ethical dimensions, and to promote active participation from students.
• 😀 The 1980s saw the rise of Green political parties and significant environmental disasters like the Bhopal gas leak and the Chernobyl nuclear accident, which further emphasized the global scale of environmental issues.

Q & A

What is the origin of environmental education?

Environmental education originated within the environmental movement, specifically as a response to the growing need for environmental protection. It emerged from the realization that environmental advocacy required an educational component to raise public awareness and change attitudes towards the environment.

When did the first organized efforts in environmental education begin?

Although movements related to environmental protection existed as early as the mid-1800s, environmental education as a specific field of study and practice became more organized in the 20th century, particularly post-World War II.

What global events in the 20th century contributed to the rise of environmental awareness?

Key events such as the post-war reconstruction, the establishment of the United Nations, and the increasing recognition of environmental disasters, like pollution and species extinction, contributed to global environmental awareness. Additionally, incidents like the Minamata disease in Japan highlighted the urgent need for environmental protection.

How did environmental concerns evolve globally during the 1970s?

In the 1970s, environmental concerns began shifting from regional and national issues to global ones. Issues like pollution, deforestation, and the depletion of natural resources became recognized as international problems requiring collective action, particularly in the context of the developed world exporting environmental harm to developing nations.

What was the significance of the 1972 Stockholm Conference on the Environment?

The 1972 Stockholm Conference marked the beginning of international discourse on the environment, highlighting the need for environmental protection and sustainable development. It led to the creation of the United Nations Environment Programme and established a foundation for future global environmental efforts.

What was the key conflict at the 1972 Stockholm Conference?

At the Stockholm Conference, there was a debate between environmentalists, who advocated for a change in the development model, and economic powers, who focused on treating pollutants without altering the economic system. The environmentalists’ concerns were later validated by the 1992 Rio Summit.

What was the importance of the 1992 Rio Conference (Earth Summit)?

The 1992 Rio Conference, also known as the Earth Summit, was crucial because it marked the recognition of sustainable development as a global priority. It reinforced the earlier calls for change in development models and emphasized the need for integrated approaches to environmental, social, and economic issues.

What was the impact of the Tbilisi Conference on environmental education?

The Tbilisi Conference in 1977 was a significant milestone in the development of environmental education, creating a global framework for integrating environmental issues into education. It emphasized a holistic approach, considering natural, technological, social, and cultural dimensions, and encouraged participatory learning strategies.

How did environmental activism manifest in Brazil in the 1970s?

In Brazil, environmental activism began gaining momentum in the 1970s, particularly in response to the growing environmental destruction linked to economic development projects like the construction of Itaipu Dam and the Transamazonian Highway. The Cubatão movement and local protests, such as the defense of trees in Rio de Janeiro, played a key role in the Brazilian environmental movement.

What were some of the major environmental disasters in the 1980s that highlighted the need for stronger environmental policies?

The 1980s witnessed several catastrophic environmental disasters, including the 1984 Bhopal gas leak in India, the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster, and the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska. These events underscored the dangers of industrial pollution and the necessity for more stringent environmental regulations.