Idade Moderna: Resumo em Desenho Animado

Summary

The Modern Age began with the Ottoman invasion of Constantinople in 1453, marking the rise of commercial renaissance and bourgeois stability. This period saw a cultural revival emphasizing science, humanism, and rationality. Politically, absolutism emerged as monarchs centralized power and allied with the bourgeoisie, leading to the formation of modern nation-states. The pursuit of colonies for raw materials and markets spurred European exploration. Mercantilism preceded capitalism, and revolutions like the English Civil War and the French Revolution paved the way for the Industrial Revolution and modern political ideologies.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Modern Age began with the Turkish invasion of Constantinople in 1453, marking a significant historical turning point.
• 😀 The cultural Renaissance emphasized humanism, science, and rationality, shaping society during this period.
• 😀 The rise of the bourgeoisie and commercial Renaissance led to a more centralized political structure, giving birth to absolutism.
• 😀 Absolutism saw monarchs consolidating power and forming alliances with the bourgeoisie to collect profits and establish modern nation-states.
• 😀 The formation of the modern nation-state brought about new taxes like the ISS (service tax), which were key economic features of the time.
• 😀 The bourgeoisie, supported by monarchs, began investing in colonization to secure raw materials and consumer markets.
• 😀 Portugal initiated the Age of Exploration, seeking new routes to India, which eventually led to the colonization of the Americas.
• 😀 Spain and Portugal dominated the colonization of the Americas, with Portugal focusing on Brazil, Africa, and Asia.
• 😀 European colonial systems in the Americas included exploitation colonies in South America and settlement colonies in North America.
• 😀 Mercantilism emerged as a precursor to capitalism, characterized by the nationalism of European kingdoms and state-controlled economies.
• 😀 England underwent significant political changes, including the Puritan Revolution and the Glorious Revolution, which ultimately led to the Industrial Revolution.

Q & A

What event marks the beginning of the Modern Age?

The Modern Age began with the Turkish invasion of Constantinople in 1453.

How did the Renaissance influence society during the Modern Age?

The Renaissance brought a cultural revival that emphasized science, humanism, and rationality, which were key elements in shaping modern society.

What was the role of the bourgeoisie in the consolidation of power during the Modern Age?

The bourgeoisie played a significant role by stabilizing economically and forming alliances with kings, which led to the establishment of modern nation-states and centralized power.

What was the system of absolutism, and how did it affect political structure?

Absolutism was a political system where kings centralized power and formed alliances with the bourgeoisie, taxing their profits and consolidating their control over the state.

How did the Age of Exploration relate to the economic interests of the bourgeoisie?

The bourgeoisie sought new colonies to provide raw materials and new markets, which directly aligned with their economic interests and led to the Age of Exploration.

Which countries led the way in the Age of Exploration, and what were their goals?

Portugal led the way in the Age of Exploration, seeking alternative routes to India, while Spain and Portugal colonized the Americas, with Portugal focusing on Brazil, as well as parts of Africa and Asia.

What were the differences between exploitation colonies and settlement colonies in the Americas?

In South America, colonies were primarily focused on exploitation, extracting resources, while in North America, the focus was on settlement and building permanent communities.

What was mercantilism, and how did it impact European economies?

Mercantilism was an economic system that preceded capitalism, characterized by nationalistic policies where states controlled trade to benefit the monarchy and the bourgeoisie, emphasizing wealth accumulation through colonies.

What were the major revolutions in England, and what impact did they have on the power of the bourgeoisie?

The Puritan Revolution and the Glorious Revolution were major events in England that solidified the power of the bourgeoisie, leading to political changes and laying the groundwork for the Industrial Revolution.

How did the Enlightenment influence political ideologies in the Modern Age?

The Enlightenment promoted ideologies of liberty and individual rights, which influenced the political landscape, including the independence movements in the Americas and the French Revolution.