Baixa Idade Média - Brasil Escola

Summary

In this video, Professor Natália Freitas explores the Late Middle Ages, focusing on its defining characteristics. The period saw significant urban and commercial growth, with the rise of cities and the emergence of the bourgeoisie. The feudal system began to decline, leading to the centralization of power and the formation of early European nation-states. However, the era was marked by crisis, including the Black Death, famines, and peasant revolts. The Late Middle Ages ended in 1453 with the fall of Constantinople, signaling the conclusion of the medieval era and the rise of new global dynamics.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Middle Ages is divided into two periods: the High Middle Ages (5th-10th centuries) and the Late Middle Ages (10th-15th centuries).
• 😀 The Late Middle Ages saw significant urban and commercial growth, with cities growing in population due to trade routes and fairs.
• 😀 The rise of cities during the Late Middle Ages led to the growth of the bourgeoisie class, changing the social structure.
• 😀 The crisis of feudalism during the Late Middle Ages led to a shift in power, with monarchies becoming more centralized.
• 😀 The centralization of power in monarchies contributed to the rise of absolute monarchies and the formation of nation-states like France, England, Portugal, and Spain.
• 😀 The Late Middle Ages saw the emergence of national languages as states solidified their power and identity.
• 😀 The 14th century was marked by a severe crisis, including the Black Death (plague), which killed about one-third of Europe's population.
• 😀 Peasant revolts and uprisings were common during the Late Middle Ages, largely due to famine and poor living conditions.
• 😀 The Hundred Years' War and other regional conflicts further destabilized Europe in the 14th century.
• 😀 The end of the Late Middle Ages is marked by the fall of Constantinople in 1453, signaling the conclusion of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance.

Q & A

What are the two main periods of the Middle Ages?

The two main periods of the Middle Ages are the High Middle Ages, which spans from the 5th to the 10th century, and the Late Middle Ages, which lasts from the 10th to the 15th century.

What is one of the key characteristics of the Late Middle Ages?

One key characteristic of the Late Middle Ages is the commercial and urban renaissance, which led to a significant increase in city populations and the emergence of new social classes such as the bourgeoisie.

How did the growth of cities affect the feudal system?

The growth of cities and the expansion of trade routes weakened the feudal system as people left the rural areas and sought better opportunities in urban environments. This shift contributed to the decline of feudalism.

What was the relationship between the rise of cities and the centralization of royal power?

As feudalism declined and cities grew, royal power became more centralized. Kings began to consolidate their authority, paving the way for absolutism and the formation of national monarchies.

What are some of the new nations that emerged in Europe during the Late Middle Ages?

The first national states in Europe that emerged during the Late Middle Ages include France, England, Portugal, and Spain.

How did the Black Death impact Europe in the Late Middle Ages?

The Black Death, or bubonic plague, devastated Europe in the 14th century, killing an estimated one-third of the population. It contributed to social unrest, including peasant revolts.

What was one of the major causes of the social unrest in the 14th century?

One major cause of social unrest in the 14th century was famine, which was compounded by poor harvests and difficult climatic conditions. This led to widespread poverty and revolts, particularly among peasants.

What historical event marked the end of the Late Middle Ages?

The end of the Late Middle Ages is marked by the fall of Constantinople in 1453, when the Turks expanded their territory.

What were some of the major challenges Europe faced in the 14th century?

Europe in the 14th century faced several challenges, including famine, the spread of the Black Death, and numerous wars, such as the Hundred Years' War, all of which exacerbated the crisis of the time.

What role did the bourgeoisie play in the transformation of European society during the Late Middle Ages?

The bourgeoisie, a new social class that emerged during the Late Middle Ages, played a significant role in the transformation of European society. They were often involved in trade and commerce, contributing to the rise of urban economies and the decline of feudalism.