SEJARAH PERADABAN ISLAM MASA RASULULLAH PERIODE MEKKAH DAN MADINAH

Summary

This video explores the two key periods of Islamic civilization during the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH): the Meccan and Medinan periods. It begins by discussing the early stages of dawah (Islamic missionary work), including the secret and public stages of preaching in Mecca, and the challenges faced from the Quraysh tribe. The video also highlights the significant events such as the migration to Abyssinia, the conversion of prominent figures, and the establishment of the first Muslim community in Medina. The Prophet’s efforts to build a cohesive society, including his treaty with the Jews and the distribution of war spoils, are also examined, providing a comprehensive look at the formation of early Islamic society.

Takeaways

• 😀 The early Islamic civilization is divided into two main periods: Makkah and Madinah.
• 😀 During the Makkah period, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) initially preached Islam secretly to close family and friends.
• 😀 The first phase of public preaching began with the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) calling on his close relatives to embrace Islam.
• 😀 Despite opposition from the Quraysh, who mocked, persecuted, and pressured the Prophet, he continued to spread Islam.
• 😀 The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ordered the early Muslims to migrate to Abyssinia due to severe persecution in Makkah.
• 😀 The Prophet’s migration to Madinah marked a new phase of building the Islamic community, starting with the construction of the mosque.
• 😀 The mosque in Madinah was not only a place of worship but also a center for Islamic education and guidance.
• 😀 The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) established brotherhood between the Muhajirin (migrants) and the Ansar (helpers) in Madinah to foster unity.
• 😀 A treaty was formed with the Jewish tribes of Madinah, ensuring mutual peace, protection, and religious freedom for both groups.
• 😀 The Battle of Badr was a significant victory for the Muslims, marking a turning point in their struggle against the Quraysh.
• 😀 War spoils from the Battle of Badr helped strengthen the Muslim community in Madinah, alleviating poverty and promoting unity.

Q & A

What are the two main periods of the Islamic civilization during the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?

The two main periods of the Islamic civilization during the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) are the Meccan period and the Medinan period.

What was the first stage of the Meccan period of the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) mission?

The first stage of the Meccan period was the secretive preaching of Islam, which lasted for three years. During this stage, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) focused on inviting those closest to him, including family and close friends, to embrace Islam.

Who were some of the first individuals to embrace Islam during the secretive stage of the Meccan period?

Some of the first individuals to embrace Islam during the secretive stage included Ummul Mukminin Khadijah binti Khuwaylid, Zayd ibn Harithah, Ali ibn Abi Talib, and Abu Bakr as-Siddiq.

How did the Quraysh initially respond to Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) public declaration of Islam?

The Quraysh initially responded by mocking, ridiculing, and insulting Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). They also tried to discredit his teachings and spread doubts about Islam.

What was the purpose of Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) call to the people of Quraysh in Makkah?

The purpose of Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) call was to invite the people to worship Allah alone, to believe in his prophethood, and to have faith in the afterlife. This call was made publicly after the revelation of Quranic verse Surah al-Hijr, Ayah 94.

What significant event occurred after the Prophet’s (PBUH) struggles with the Quraysh in Makkah?

After the Prophet’s (PBUH) struggles with the Quraysh, including persecution of his followers, some Muslims were instructed to migrate to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) to seek refuge. This marked the first hijrah, which included 12 men and 4 women led by Uthman ibn Affan.

What was the impact of the deaths of Abu Talib and Khadijah on Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?

The deaths of Abu Talib (Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) uncle and protector) and Khadijah (his wife) were devastating for the Prophet. These events deepened his personal sorrow and strengthened his resolve in continuing his mission.

What actions did Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) take in Madinah upon his arrival?

Upon arriving in Madinah, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) first focused on building the Masjid al-Nabawi (the Prophet’s mosque). He also worked to unify the Muslim community, including the Muhajirun (migrants from Makkah) and the Ansar (helpers from Madinah), by establishing brotherhood between them.

What was the nature of the agreement made between Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the Jewish tribes in Madinah?

The agreement between Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the Jewish tribes in Madinah was a pact of mutual cooperation, ensuring religious freedom, non-aggression, and support during conflicts. It also outlined the responsibility to defend Madinah together against common enemies.

What role did the war booty (ghanimah) from the Battle of Badr play for the Muslims in Madinah?

The war booty from the Battle of Badr played a critical role in strengthening the economic position of the Muslims in Madinah. It provided financial support, especially to the poor, and helped fund the spread of Islamic teachings, with the obligatory practices of fasting and zakat also being instituted.