PRIODESASI SEJARAH PERADABAN ISLAM | KULIAH DARING

Summary

This video explores the periodization of Islamic civilization, detailing key stages in its history. It examines various scholarly views on when Islamic history began, with some scholars emphasizing the Prophet Muhammad's prophethood and others focusing on his migration to Madinah. The video highlights different periodizations proposed by scholars like Al-Hashimi and Harun Nasution, categorizing Islamic history into classical, medieval, and modern periods. The video also discusses significant historical events, such as the expansion of Islam, the rise and fall of empires, and the modern Islamic revival, offering insights into the challenges and transformations within the Muslim world over time.

Takeaways

• 😀 The concept of periodization in Islamic civilization refers to dividing history into stages or phases, often determined by historians based on significant events.
• 😀 There are differing opinions on when the history of Islam begins: one group of historians believes it starts when Prophet Muhammad was appointed as a messenger, while another group believes it starts with his migration (Hijrah) to Medina.
• 😀 Both opinions on the start of Islamic history are closely related, with only a short period between the two events (Muhammad's appointment as a messenger and his migration to Medina).
• 😀 Two prominent scholars, al-Hasyimi and Harun Nasution, proposed different periodization frameworks for Islamic history.
• 😀 Al-Hasyimi's periodization includes the following phases: the beginning of Islam (610-632), the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750), the Abbasid Caliphate (750-1075), the Mamluk Sultanate (1261-1520), and the period of Islamic revival (1801-present).
• 😀 Harun Nasution's periodization divides Islamic history into three periods: the classical period (650-1250), the medieval period (1250-1800), and the modern period (1800-2000).
• 😀 The classification of Islamic history into different periods often leads to debates among historians, as significant events can influence the division of these phases.
• 😀 The classical period of Islam was marked by territorial expansion, often referred to as Islamic expansion, which spread across much of the Arabian Peninsula and beyond.
• 😀 During the classical period, the hijrah (migration) of Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina played a pivotal role in shaping Islamic civilization, forming a strong community in Medina known as the Muhajirun and Ansar.
• 😀 The medieval period saw the decline of Islamic power due to events like the sack of Baghdad by Hulagu Khan, internal division, and the eventual rise of large empires like the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Persia, and Mughal India, although these empires eventually fell due to both internal decay and external forces.

Q & A

What is 'periodesasi' in the context of Islamic civilization history?

Periodesasi refers to the process of dividing the history of Islamic civilization into distinct phases or periods. These divisions are typically determined by historians based on significant events or milestones in the development of Islam.

What are the two main opinions regarding the start of Islamic history?

The two main opinions are: one group of historians believes that Islamic history began when Prophet Muhammad was appointed as a messenger, while another group believes it began with the Prophet's migration (Hijrah) from Mecca to Medina, marking the establishment of an Islamic state.

How do historians determine the start of Islamic civilization?

Historians determine the start of Islamic civilization either by the appointment of Prophet Muhammad as a messenger at the age of 40, which marked the beginning of his prophethood, or by the Hijrah, which is seen as the beginning of a formal Islamic state with governance in Medina.

What is the significance of the migration (Hijrah) of Prophet Muhammad?

The Hijrah is significant because it marked the transition from being a religious leader to also being a political leader and the establishment of the first Islamic state in Medina, which had its own constitution, the Constitution of Medina.

What is the first period in the Islamic periodization according to Al-Hasimi?

According to Al-Hasimi, the first period of Islamic history is the 'Beginning of Islam,' which spans from 610 to 632 CE, starting with the appointment of Prophet Muhammad as a messenger until his death.

How does Harun Nasution categorize the history of Islam?

Harun Nasution categorizes the history of Islam into three periods: the Classical Period (650-1250 CE), the Medieval Period (1250-1800 CE), and the Modern Period (1800-2000 CE).

What were the characteristics of the classical period in Islamic history?

The Classical Period in Islamic history is marked by territorial expansion and the consolidation of Islamic governance. This period includes the early Islamic conquests, the spread of Islam across the Arabian Peninsula, and the establishment of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates.

What was the impact of the Mongol invasion on the Islamic world?

The Mongol invasion, particularly the destruction of Baghdad by Hulagu Khan in 1258, significantly weakened the Islamic world, leading to the fall of major centers of learning and power, such as the Abbasid Caliphate.

What were the 'Three Great Kingdoms' of the medieval period in Islam?

The Three Great Kingdoms of the medieval Islamic period were the Ottoman Empire in Turkey, the Safavid Empire in Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India. These empires dominated the Islamic world for several centuries, though they eventually declined due to internal corruption and external invasions.

What role did the Napoleonic Expedition in Egypt play in the modern period of Islamic history?

Napoleon's expedition in Egypt in 1798 was a pivotal moment in modern Islamic history as it exposed the weaknesses of the Islamic empires to Western powers. It also introduced new scientific knowledge and modern ideas to the region, leading to reform movements in Turkey, Egypt, and other parts of the Islamic world.