Awal Lahirnya Orde Baru.. ( Bag - 1 )

Summary

The video explores the birth of Indonesia's New Order regime, which began with President Soeharto's rise to power in 1966. Triggered by the turbulent political and economic conditions under President Sukarno, including the 1965 G30S coup and hyperinflation, the public demanded change through the 'Tritura' (Three Demands of the People). This led to Soeharto assuming control after receiving the Supersemar mandate from Sukarno. The video covers key events, such as Soeharto's appointment and the political shifts that marked the start of the New Order, which would last until 1998.

Takeaways

• 😀 The New Order (Orde Baru) is a new government system in Indonesia, led by President Soeharto, lasting from 1966 to 1998.
• 😀 Soeharto came to power after the Supersemar (Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret), a letter of instruction issued by President Sukarno in 1966.
• 😀 The birth of the New Order was influenced by the 'Tri Tuntutan Rakyat' (Tritura), which called for the dissolution of the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party), cabinet restructuring, and lowering prices.
• 😀 Indonesia experienced a period of intense political instability in the mid-1960s, particularly following the 1965 G30S/PKI (Indonesian Communist Party) incident.
• 😀 The economic situation worsened under Sukarno’s leadership, with inflation reaching over 600% by 1966, further fueling public discontent.
• 😀 Sukarno's failure to address public protests and economic issues led to diminishing trust in his leadership and a weakening of his power.
• 😀 The Supersemar mandate granted Soeharto the authority to control the political and military situation, marking the beginning of dual leadership between Sukarno and Soeharto.
• 😀 After the issuance of Supersemar, a legal framework (Tap MPRS No. 9/1966) was established to solidify Soeharto’s position, which also led to the removal of Sukarno’s title as President for life.
• 😀 Soeharto’s rise to power was aided by the support of military factions and his ability to capitalize on the crisis situations, such as the G30S and economic turmoil.
• 😀 Soeharto was officially appointed as acting president on March 12, 1967, and later confirmed as president on March 26, 1968, beginning the era of the New Order.
• 😀 The establishment of the New Order regime resulted in significant political, economic, and social changes in Indonesia, which lasted for over three decades until 1998.

Q & A

What is the main theme of the video script?

The main theme of the video is the emergence of the Orde Baru (New Order) in Indonesia, focusing on the transition of power from President Sukarno to General Soeharto.

What does the term 'Orde Baru' refer to in Indonesian history?

'Orde Baru' refers to the 'New Order' regime established by General Soeharto after he took power in 1966, replacing President Sukarno’s leadership. It lasted from 1966 to 1998.

What were the 'Tritura' and why were they important?

The 'Tritura' or 'Three Demands of the People' were a set of demands that included the dissolution of the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party), a cabinet reshuffle, and a reduction in prices. These demands played a crucial role in the downfall of President Sukarno and the rise of Orde Baru.

How did Indonesia's economy contribute to the collapse of Sukarno's leadership?

Under Sukarno's leadership, Indonesia faced severe economic issues, including runaway inflation (over 600%) and a worsening economic crisis, which led to widespread public unrest and dissatisfaction.

What is the Supersemar and what role did it play in the rise of Soeharto?

The Supersemar (Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret) was a letter issued by President Sukarno on March 11, 1966, which granted General Soeharto the authority to restore order during a time of political crisis. It became a key document that facilitated Soeharto's eventual takeover of the government.

What was the significance of the G30S/PKI event in 1965?

The G30S/PKI event, also known as the 30 September Movement, was a failed coup attempt by the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) that led to widespread political and military instability. This event significantly undermined public trust in President Sukarno's government and paved the way for Soeharto's rise to power.

Why did Soeharto's position become stronger after the Supersemar was issued?

After the Supersemar was issued, Soeharto gained significant political power, as it allowed him to take control of the government during a time of crisis. The document effectively sidelined Sukarno, giving Soeharto the legitimacy to assume leadership.

What happened to President Sukarno after the issuance of the Supersemar?

After the Supersemar, President Sukarno's position was severely weakened. The People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) stripped him of his 'President for Life' title, and Soeharto gradually took control of the government, eventually becoming the acting president in 1967.

When did Soeharto officially become President of Indonesia?

Soeharto was officially inaugurated as President of Indonesia on March 26, 1968, marking the formal beginning of the Orde Baru regime.

How did the political landscape in Indonesia change after the Supersemar?

After the Supersemar, Indonesia experienced a dual leadership situation, with both Sukarno and Soeharto holding power. However, Soeharto's growing influence led to the weakening of Sukarno’s position, eventually resulting in Soeharto becoming the dominant leader.