Bagaimana Sistem Ekonomi Internasional Mulai Dari Masa Kepemimpinan Presiden Pertama Sampai Saat ini

Summary

This video script provides a comprehensive overview of Indonesia's economic system from the leadership of its first president, Sukarno, to the present. It highlights key periods including Sukarno's post-colonial reforms, Soeharto's New Order with its social-liberal mix, and the economic recovery under Habibie. The script also covers the decentralization efforts during Abdurrahman Wahid's presidency, the economic privatization under Megawati Soekarnoputri, the financial crises during Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's leadership, and Joko Widodo's reforms to boost economic growth. The video concludes with an analysis of Indonesia's current economic system, based on Pancasila and cooperative principles.

Takeaways

• 😀 The speaker introduces themselves as Tri Nadia Wahyuni, a student from the Muhammadiyah School of Economics in Asahan, majoring in Accounting, currently in their seventh semester.
• 😀 The speaker discusses the topic of international economics and its evolution from the era of Indonesia's first president, Soekarno, to the present day.
• 😀 Soekarno's leadership saw Indonesia shifting from a liberal economic system to a socialist one after the 1950 presidential decree, facing challenges like corruption and internal conflict.
• 😀 Under President Soeharto, Indonesia implemented a mixed economic system combining socialism and liberalism, marked by corruption, nepotism, and centralized government control.
• 😀 During Soeharto's leadership, Indonesia experienced significant economic growth, transitioning from a poor nation to a developing country and later to a middle-income nation.
• 😀 President BJ Habibie's tenure was marked by political and economic instability after the 1998 crisis, with inflation hitting high levels, although he didn't meet his targets and resigned in 1999.
• 😀 Under President Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur), fiscal decentralization and economic recovery were promoted through policies like reducing fuel subsidies and adjusting electricity tariffs.
• 😀 Megawati Soekarnoputri, Indonesia's first female president, focused on economic recovery through privatization of state-owned enterprises, foreign debt management, and restructuring the financial sector.
• 😀 President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's administration faced global financial crises but achieved economic stability, controlling inflation and improving domestic demand, though unemployment and income inequality persisted.
• 😀 President Joko Widodo's policies aimed to boost national industry competitiveness, exports, investments, and economic growth, with notable improvements in poverty reduction, per capita income, and inflation control.

Q & A

What was the economic system under President Soekarno's leadership?

Under President Soekarno's leadership, Indonesia initially adopted a liberal economic system, which later shifted to a socialist system after the Presidential Decree of 1950. Despite his efforts, the policies did not address the major economic problems of inflation, corruption, and instability.

What were some of Soekarno's key economic policies, and why were they ineffective?

Soekarno implemented policies like the Gunting Syafruddin system, Alibaba cooperatives, and economic declarations. However, these were ineffective due to the country's focus on maintaining political stability and domestic conflicts, which led to weak economic controls.

How did President Soeharto's leadership differ in terms of economic policies?

President Soeharto adopted a mixed economic system that combined both socialist and liberal elements. His era, known as the New Order, led to significant achievements, including transforming Indonesia from a poor nation to a developing one. However, corruption, collusion, and nepotism were widespread.

What were the major economic achievements during Soeharto's presidency?

During Soeharto's presidency, Indonesia experienced rapid development, transitioning from a poor country to a middle-income nation. Notable achievements included the establishment of organizations such as Kadin (Chamber of Commerce) and IWAPI (Indonesian Women Entrepreneurs Association).

What challenges did BJ Habibie face during his presidency?

BJ Habibie faced significant economic challenges following the 1998 financial crisis. Despite being a scientist, his administration struggled with runaway inflation, which was targeted at 80% in 1998 but was not achieved, contributing to his resignation in 1999.

How did Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) attempt to reform Indonesia's economy?

Gus Dur's administration focused on fiscal decentralization, allowing regional governments more autonomy in tax collection and borrowing. His government also implemented price adjustments, such as fuel subsidy cuts, and introduced wage increases for civil servants.

What were the key economic strategies under President Megawati Soekarnoputri?

Megawati's presidency emphasized privatization of state-owned enterprises (BUMN), restructuring foreign debt, improving financial safety nets, and tackling corruption. She also promoted investment, particularly in small and medium enterprises.

What economic challenges did Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) face during his presidency?

SBY's administration faced the impacts of the global financial crisis, inflation, and rising oil prices, which put pressure on the national budget. However, his administration achieved economic stability, controlled inflation, and reduced imports, although unemployment and income inequality remained problematic.

How did President Joko Widodo focus on improving Indonesia's economy?

Joko Widodo's administration implemented reforms in six key areas to boost Indonesia's competitiveness, including improving investment climate, industry, tourism, logistics efficiency, and export stimulation. His policies led to growth in GDP per capita, poverty reduction, and inflation control.

What is the current economic system of Indonesia under Joko Widodo's leadership?

Under President Joko Widodo, Indonesia operates a mixed economy based on the principles of Pancasila, which combines socialist and liberal elements. This system focuses on promoting economic democracy, justice, and cooperation, with an emphasis on community welfare and equitable economic development.