Islam ke Kalimantan Selatan

Summary

The script delves into the history of Islam’s spread to Indonesia, particularly focusing on the Sultanate of Banjar in South Kalimantan. Islam first arrived through traders from Gujarat, India in the 11th century, followed by its gradual growth. Key figures such as Pangeran Samudera and Sultan Suriansyah played crucial roles in establishing the Sultanate and spreading Islam throughout the region. The script highlights important developments, including the role of Sultan Adam in implementing Islamic laws, and the significant contributions of the scholar Syekh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari in advancing Islamic teachings in the 18th century.

Takeaways

• 😀 Islam was brought to the Nusantara region by traders from Gujarat, India, in the 11th century.
• 😀 By the late 16th century, Islam surpassed Hinduism and Buddhism in the number of followers in the region.
• 😀 The spread of Islam was initially driven by growing trade networks outside the Nusantara archipelago.
• 😀 In Southern Kalimantan, Islam entered through two main routes: via the Strait of Malacca through trade, and through missionaries sent from Java.
• 😀 During the late 15th century, Kalimantan Selatan was still under the rule of the Daha kingdom, where a succession crisis occurred between two royal sons.
• 😀 Pangeran Samudera, the rightful heir, was forced to hide and live as a fisherman to avoid being killed by his rival, Pangeran Tumenggung.
• 😀 As Pangeran Samudera grew older, he gained the support of Patih Balitung and others, who helped him become the ruler of the Banjar kingdom in 1526.
• 😀 With his newfound power, Pangeran Samudera sought assistance from the Demak Sultanate to defend his claim to the throne against Pangeran Tumenggung.
• 😀 The Demak Sultanate agreed to assist, provided that Pangeran Samudera and his people converted to Islam, leading to the spread of Islam in the Banjar kingdom.
• 😀 After defeating the Daha kingdom, Pangeran Samudera became the first Sultan of Banjar, marking the establishment of the Sultanate.
• 😀 Sultan Adam, later in the 17th century, implemented the Sultan Adam Laws to further entrench Islamic beliefs among his people, specifically Ahlussunnah Waljamaah.
• 😀 In the 18th century, Syekh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari played a major role in the spread of Islam, teaching and writing religious texts that were widely distributed in Nusantara and beyond.

Q & A

How did Islam first arrive in the Nusantara region?

Islam was introduced to the Nusantara region by traders from Gujarat, India, during the 11th century. Its spread was further fueled by increased trade networks and communication throughout the archipelago.

By the 16th century, how did Islam compare to other religions in the Nusantara?

By the late 16th century, Islam had surpassed both Hinduism and Buddhism in the number of followers in the Nusantara region.

What were the two main routes through which Islam spread to Kalimantan Selatan?

Islam entered Kalimantan Selatan through two primary routes: one through the Malacca Strait via trade transactions and communication, and the second through missionaries (Dai) sent from Java.

What conflict arose in the Daha Kingdom during the late 15th century?

A succession conflict occurred in the Daha Kingdom between two of King Sukarama’s sons, Pangeran Mangkubumi and Pangeran Tumenggung, after Sukarama’s death. The conflict escalated when the king’s will named Pangeran Samudera, another son, as his successor.

How did Pangeran Samudera respond to the conflict and the threat from Pangeran Tumenggung?

Pangeran Samudera, feeling threatened, fled to the coast and disguised himself as a fisherman, hiding in the southern parts of Kalimantan, specifically Andian and Banjar.

Who helped Pangeran Samudera regain his position as the ruler of Banjar?

Pangeran Samudera was assisted by Patih Balitung and Patih Kurni, who supported his claim to the throne. After consulting with them, they crowned him as the ruler of Banjar in 1526.

What role did the Sultanate of Demak play in the establishment of the Sultanate of Banjar?

The Sultanate of Demak, led by Sultan Trenggana, helped Pangeran Samudera by sending 1,000 armed troops to support him in defeating the Daha Kingdom. In exchange, Pangeran Samudera and the Banjar Kingdom agreed to convert to Islam.

What significant political change occurred in the Banjar Kingdom after receiving help from Demak?

With the help of Demak, Pangeran Samudera successfully defeated the Daha Kingdom and established the Sultanate of Banjar, marking a significant shift in both political and religious power in the region.

How did Sultan Adam contribute to the spread of Islam in the Banjar Kingdom?

Sultan Adam played a crucial role in spreading Islam by enforcing Sunni Islam beliefs through the 'Sultan Adam Laws,' which required all citizens, both male and female, to adhere to the Sunni sect and prohibited heretical beliefs.

Who was Syekh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari, and what was his role in Islamic education?

Syekh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari was a prominent Islamic scholar in the Banjar Kingdom. He played a key role in spreading Islamic teachings by establishing educational institutions and writing religious texts. His work contributed significantly to the spread of Islam in South Kalimantan and across the Nusantara.