Sejarah Kerajaan Banjar || Sejarah Indonesia Kelas 10 SMA

Summary

The Kingdom of Banjar, established in 1526 in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, was founded by Sultan Suryanullah (Sultan Suriansyah) after the fall of the Hindu-Buddhist Kingdom of Daha. Amid family conflict, Pangeran Samudera, the rightful heir, rose to power with the help of Islamic traders and military aid from the Sultanate of Demak. Banjar became a major trade hub and spread Islam throughout Kalimantan. However, internal strife, external pressures from the Dutch VOC, and resistance led by Pangeran Antasari marked the kingdom's eventual decline in the 18th and 19th centuries, with Dutch colonial influence solidifying in the region.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Kingdom of Banjar was founded in 1526 by Sultan Suryanullah, previously known as Sultan Suriansyah.
• 😀 Before Banjar, the region was ruled by the Hindu-Buddhist Kingdom of Daha, led by Pangeran Sukarama.
• 😀 Pangeran Sukarama's will appointed his grandson, Pangeran Samudera, as the heir, but political conflicts arose after his death.
• 😀 Pangeran Samudera, after fleeing the palace, found support in Pati Masih, a local ruler who was connected with Arab, Gujarat, and Demak traders.
• 😀 Pangeran Samudera’s leadership in the Banjar port led to rapid growth in the region as a trade center and established ties with Demak.
• 😀 The Demak Sultanate provided military support to Pangeran Samudera in exchange for the people of Banjar converting to Islam.
• 😀 After the victory over the Daha forces, Pangeran Samudera established the Kingdom of Banjar and began spreading Islam in Kalimantan.
• 😀 Banjar became a thriving international trade hub, with commodities like black pepper, gold, and diamonds being traded.
• 😀 The Dutch East India Company (VOC) attempted to monopolize trade in Banjar in the 17th century, but was met with resistance.
• 😀 The Kingdom of Banjar saw internal strife during the 18th century, which weakened it and led to Dutch influence, culminating in the Banjar War of 1859.

Q & A

When was the Kingdom of Banjar founded?

The Kingdom of Banjar was founded in 1526.

Who was the first ruler of the Kingdom of Banjar?

The first ruler of the Kingdom of Banjar was Sultan Suryanullah, also known as Sultan Suriansyah.

What was the name of the kingdom that existed before the Kingdom of Banjar?

Before the Kingdom of Banjar, there was the Kingdom of Daha, which was a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom.

What led to the conflict and the eventual death of Pangeran Mangkubumi?

The conflict arose after Pangeran Sukarama's will appointed Pangeran Mangkubumi as the ruler temporarily, leading to internal family conflict, which culminated in Pangeran Mangkubumi's murder by an official under the influence of Pangeran Tumenggung.

How did Pangeran Samudera come to power?

Pangeran Samudera, who was the rightful heir, fled to the Banjar Port to avoid threats to his life. He later became a local leader after being recognized by Pati Masih, the ruler of the port, who supported him in reclaiming the throne.

What role did the Sultanate of Demak play in the establishment of the Kingdom of Banjar?

The Sultanate of Demak provided military support to Pangeran Samudera, with the condition that he and his people embrace Islam. This support was crucial in winning the war against the forces of Daha.

What significant change occurred after Pangeran Samudera's victory over the Kingdom of Daha?

After Pangeran Samudera's victory, the Kingdom of Daha was renamed the Kingdom of Banjar, and Islam became the state religion, marking the beginning of Islamic influence in South Kalimantan.

How did the economic development of Banjar evolve during Sultan Suryanullah's reign?

Under Sultan Suryanullah, Banjar's economy grew significantly, particularly through the development of Banjarmasin as a major trade port. The region became a key center for international trade, dealing in commodities like black pepper, gold, diamonds, rattan, and animal skins.

What role did the VOC (Dutch East India Company) play in the decline of the Kingdom of Banjar?

The VOC played a significant role in the decline of the Kingdom of Banjar by establishing monopolistic control and influencing local politics. The Dutch had a direct hand in the internal conflicts, including the rise of Pangeran Natadilaga and the eventual weakening of the kingdom.

Who was Pangeran Antasari and what was his role in the Kingdom of Banjar?

Pangeran Antasari was a key figure in the resistance against Dutch colonial rule in the Kingdom of Banjar. He led efforts to rally forces and fight against the VOC, though despite his efforts, the Dutch influence in the region continued to grow.