Perbedaan antara penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif

Summary

This video explains the key differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods. It covers five main aspects: the foundational axioms or views on reality, research processes, roles of the researcher, variable relationships, and the influence of values. Quantitative research is rooted in positivism and aims for objectivity, measurement, and generalization, while qualitative research is based on interpretivism and emphasizes depth, interaction, and context. The video highlights the contrasting approaches in theory testing, data analysis, and the researcher’s role, offering valuable insights to help viewers choose the appropriate research method based on their objectives.

Takeaways

• 😀 Axioms in research distinguish the underlying views of qualitative and quantitative methods, such as the nature of reality and researcher-participant relationships.
• 😀 In quantitative research, reality is viewed as concrete, measurable, and objective, while qualitative research sees reality as complex, dynamic, and constructed based on context.
• 😀 Quantitative research maintains a distance between the researcher and the subject to ensure objectivity, using tools like surveys, while qualitative research involves direct interaction with participants for deeper insights.
• 😀 In quantitative research, variables are seen as having causal relationships, such as how advertising impacts sales, while qualitative research views the relationship between variables as interactive and reciprocal.
• 😀 Quantitative research focuses on generalization, meaning results from samples can be applied to larger populations, while qualitative research is more about transferability to similar contexts, not broad generalization.
• 😀 In quantitative research, researchers strive to be value-free and objective, ensuring that their personal views do not influence the data. In contrast, qualitative researchers acknowledge that their values and perceptions may shape the research process and outcomes.
• 😀 Quantitative research uses a deductive approach, testing theories or hypotheses with numerical data and statistical analysis to draw objective conclusions, while qualitative research is inductive, developing theories from data gathered through observation and interviews.
• 😀 Qualitative research is more flexible and allows for interpretation of complex data, whereas quantitative research is typically more structured and controlled, often conducted in laboratory settings.
• 😀 Quantitative research is typically performed in controlled environments, emphasizing the quantitative aspects of data, while qualitative research is usually conducted in natural settings, focusing on rich, descriptive data.
• 😀 Understanding the differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods helps researchers choose the most suitable approach for their study goals and needs.

Q & A

What is the main philosophical difference between quantitative and qualitative research methods?

Quantitative research is based on positivism, which views reality as concrete, measurable, and observable. Qualitative research, on the other hand, is rooted in constructivism, seeing reality as complex, dynamic, and constructed through social contexts and meanings.

How does the research process differ between quantitative and qualitative methods?

Quantitative research follows a deductive approach, testing theories or hypotheses using numerical data and statistical analysis. Qualitative research, however, uses an inductive approach, focusing on theory development from rich, descriptive data collected through observations and interviews.

What is the role of the researcher in quantitative and qualitative research?

In quantitative research, the researcher remains distant and objective, using instruments like questionnaires to maintain impartiality. In qualitative research, the researcher interacts directly with participants, becoming the primary instrument for data collection, thus influencing the research process and outcomes.

How do quantitative and qualitative research methods view the relationship between variables?

Quantitative research typically sees the relationship between variables as causal, focusing on cause-and-effect relationships. In contrast, qualitative research views the relationship as interactive and reciprocal, where variables may influence one another dynamically.

Can findings from quantitative research be generalized to a larger population?

Yes, quantitative research aims for generalization, meaning that results obtained from a sample can often be applied to a broader population using techniques like random sampling.

How does qualitative research handle the transferability of findings?

Qualitative research does not aim for broad generalization but focuses on depth. The findings are transferable to similar contexts, meaning they can be applied to similar situations but not necessarily generalized to all circumstances.

What is the role of values in quantitative and qualitative research?

Quantitative research strives to be value-free, ensuring that the data remains objective and is not influenced by the researcher’s personal views. Qualitative research, however, acknowledges that both the researcher and participants bring their values and perspectives, which can shape the research process and outcomes.

What types of data do quantitative and qualitative research methods typically use?

Quantitative research uses numerical data that can be measured and analyzed statistically. Qualitative research relies on rich, descriptive data that captures the complexities of human experiences and meanings, often gathered through interviews and observations.

Why might a researcher choose qualitative research over quantitative research?

A researcher may choose qualitative research if they seek to explore complex phenomena, understand deeper meanings, or examine context-specific insights that cannot be captured through numerical data alone.

How do the approaches of quantitative and qualitative research affect the environment in which the research is conducted?

Quantitative research is often conducted in controlled environments like laboratories, emphasizing numerical data collection. Qualitative research, by contrast, is typically carried out in natural, real-world settings where the researcher can engage directly with participants and collect descriptive data.