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Summary

The video outlines the key educational policies during Indonesia's New Order era under President Soeharto. It highlights significant programs such as the Inpres Elementary School program, the compulsory education initiative, and the eradication of illiteracy. These policies aimed to improve access to education, especially in rural and low-income urban areas, by constructing thousands of schools and encouraging literacy among adults. The success of these programs can be seen in increased enrollment rates and a significant reduction in illiteracy over time, transforming Indonesia's educational landscape during Soeharto's administration.

Takeaways

• 😀 Soeharto's New Order government made significant advancements in education during his leadership.
• 😀 One of the key developments was the creation of Inpres SD (School Development), which aimed to build new schools across the country.
• 😀 The Inpres SD program started in 1973 and built over 150,000 new elementary schools, especially in rural areas.
• 😀 The funding for Inpres SD came from the increased oil revenue in the 1970s.
• 😀 By 1994, more than one million teachers were placed in schools, demonstrating a massive increase in teacher numbers.
• 😀 In 1984, the government implemented a compulsory education program, requiring children aged 7-12 to attend school for 6 years.
• 😀 Although the compulsory education program was not strictly enforced, the government encouraged parents to send their children to school.
• 😀 The government also introduced scholarships for low-income families to help with educational costs.
• 😀 The success of the 6-year compulsory education program resulted in a significant increase in school participation rates, which rose to nearly 90% by 1994.
• 😀 The government later expanded the compulsory education program to 9 years (ages 7-15), which was launched in 1994 and helped improve literacy rates.
• 😀 The 'kelompok belajar' or learning groups were created to eradicate illiteracy, offering basic reading, writing, and math education to adults aged 10-45.

Q & A

What were the main goals of the New Order's education policy in Indonesia?

The main goals were to expand learning opportunities, especially in rural areas and for low-income urban populations.

What was the SD Inpres program and why was it important?

The SD Inpres program, launched in 1973, aimed to build schools in underserved areas. It was funded by the revenue from increased oil prices, and its purpose was to improve access to primary education.

How many schools were built under the SD Inpres program?

Under the SD Inpres program, around 150,000 primary schools were built by 1993, with the peak of construction happening between 1982 and 1983 when 22,600 schools were established.

What role did teachers play in the SD Inpres program?

The number of teachers in primary schools increased significantly, from hundreds of thousands to over one million by 1994, reflecting the expanded number of schools.

How did the government fund the SD Inpres program?

The funding for the SD Inpres program came from the increased oil revenues, which had risen by around 300% compared to previous years.

What was the significance of the 1984 compulsory education program?

The compulsory education program, launched in 1984, aimed to provide equal educational opportunities for all Indonesian children aged 7-12. However, it lacked punitive measures, relying instead on voluntary enrollment.

What was the government's strategy for addressing financial barriers to education?

The government addressed financial barriers by offering scholarships, and the 'Orang Tua Asuh' (Foster Parents) program to support low-income families in enrolling children in school.

How did the 'Wajib Belajar' or compulsory education program evolve over time?

The initial compulsory education requirement covered only six years of primary school. By 1994, this was expanded to nine years, including junior high school, for children aged 7-15.

What impact did the compulsory education program have on school enrollment rates?

The program resulted in an increase in enrollment rates, with the participation rate in primary schools rising by 1.4% by the end of the Fourth Five-Year Development Plan.

How did the government tackle literacy in Indonesia during the New Order?

The government launched the 'Kejar' or literacy groups program in 1978, which focused on teaching reading, writing, and arithmetic to adults aged 10-45 who were illiterate. This initiative helped reduce the illiteracy rate significantly over the years.