Materi IPS Kelas 9 Bab 4: Indonesia Pada Masa Orde Baru

Summary

This educational video delves into Indonesia's history during the New Order era, which spanned from 1966 to 1998 under President Soeharto. The video covers political developments post-G30S PKI, economic policies like Pelita (Five-Year Plans), and the socio-cultural programs aimed at improving the welfare of Indonesians. It discusses key events like the Supersemar, the stabilization of politics, and economic growth through agricultural and industrial sectors. Additionally, it highlights the government’s efforts in education, health, and culture, alongside initiatives like family planning and literacy programs. This video offers a comprehensive look at Indonesia's transformation during the New Order period.

Takeaways

• 😀 The New Order era refers to President Soeharto's governance from 1966 to 1998 in Indonesia.
• 😀 After the G30S/PKI movement, Indonesia faced political instability and an economic crisis, with rising prices of basic goods.
• 😀 On January 12, 1966, the 'Tritura' (Three People's Demands) called for the dissolution of the PKI, removal of the 30th September Movement elements, and reduction of prices.
• 😀 The Supersemar (March 11th Order) was issued, granting Soeharto the power to restore security and governmental authority, marking the beginning of the New Order.
• 😀 Soeharto was officially appointed as President by the MPRS on March 12, 1967, marking the official start of the New Order government.
• 😀 Political stabilization during the New Order included restoring foreign relations, simplifying the political system, and promoting Pancasila as the state ideology.
• 😀 The government implemented both short-term and long-term economic policies, with the short-term focus on stabilizing inflation and rehabilitating infrastructure.
• 😀 The Pelita (Five-Year Development Plans) were key to Indonesia’s long-term development, with six Pelita focusing on agriculture, industry, and human resources.
• 😀 Social reforms during the New Order included family planning programs, health services like Puskesmas, and educational initiatives such as compulsory basic education.
• 😀 Cultural policies aimed at strengthening national identity included preserving cultural heritage, cataloging ancient sites, and rehabilitating museums.

Q & A

What is the 'Orde Baru' (New Order) in Indonesia's history?

The 'Orde Baru' refers to the period of President Soeharto's rule in Indonesia, which lasted from 1966 to 1998. It marked a new phase in the country's governance after the G30S/PKI incident and the fall of President Soekarno.

What was the role of the 'Supersemar' (March 11th Order) in Indonesia's political transition?

The Supersemar was an order issued by President Soekarno on March 11, 1966, which gave General Soeharto the authority to take necessary actions to restore security and the authority of the government. It is considered a pivotal moment marking the beginning of the Orde Baru.

What was the purpose of the 'Tritura' (Three People's Demands) in 1966?

The Tritura was a series of demands made by students, youth, and the public in January 1966. The demands included the dissolution of the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party), the cleansing of the cabinet from G30S elements, and a reduction in the prices of essential goods to address the economic crisis.

How did Soeharto come to power after the events of 1966?

After the Supersemar was issued, General Soeharto took control of the government and, on March 12, 1967, was formally appointed as the acting president by the MPRS (People's Consultative Assembly). This marked the beginning of Soeharto's rule in Indonesia.

What were some of the key political reforms during the Orde Baru?

Key political reforms included the restoration of Indonesia's foreign relations, including the active non-alignment policy, the simplification of political parties, and the implementation of the Pancasila ideology through various government policies.

What was the focus of Indonesia's economic policies during the Orde Baru?

Indonesia's economic policies during the Orde Baru included both short-term and long-term programs. Short-term policies focused on stabilizing the economy, controlling inflation, and rehabilitating infrastructure, while long-term plans were structured in five-year development plans called 'Pelita.'

What was the 'Pelita' program and how many Pelita were there during the Orde Baru?

The 'Pelita' was a series of five-year development plans initiated by the government to focus on economic growth. There were six Pelita programs from 1969 to 1998, each with its own focus such as agriculture, industry, and human resources development.

How did the Orde Baru address Indonesia's agricultural sector?

The Orde Baru government focused on agricultural development through various Pelita programs, especially during the first, fourth, and fifth Pelita. Efforts were made to achieve food self-sufficiency and to improve industrial production related to agriculture.

What were some key social programs implemented during the Orde Baru?

Key social programs during the Orde Baru included family planning (Keluarga Berencana), the Puskesmas health centers, and Posyandu (integrated health services for mothers and children). Additionally, there were initiatives in education such as the mandatory education program and campaigns to eradicate illiteracy.

How did the government promote cultural development during the Orde Baru?

Cultural development during the Orde Baru focused on strengthening national identity and unity. Efforts included preserving and rehabilitating cultural heritage, expanding museums, and promoting national pride through the development of the arts and culture.