What's Top of Mind for Global Supply Chains Today?

SupplyChainBrain
27 Aug 202112:48

Summary

TLDR在这段访谈中,主持人与国际贸易律师Michael Taylor讨论了新冠疫情对全球供应链的影响。疫情导致供应链放缓,特别是对依赖即时生产和国际运输的公司。此外,他们还讨论了不公平的外国竞争,特别是政府补贴对制造业的影响。Taylor指出,许多国家正在向本国制造业注入资金,可能导致补贴问题。访谈还涉及了美国政府的贸易政策,包括对中国的关税政策,以及拜登政府对制造业回归美国的态度。他们还探讨了公司是否应该重新考虑其供应链,并考虑将生产转移到北美其他地区,如墨西哥。

Takeaways

  • 🌐 疫情对全球供应链的可见性造成了影响,导致公司在国际供应链中寻找原材料和成品时遇到了问题,特别是那些依赖即时交付的公司。
  • 📉 由于海外工厂关闭,运输延误和航运问题,依赖即时交付的公司面临挑战。
  • 💡 贸易救济法可用于解决不公平的外国竞争问题,如倾销和补贴,这些做法可能会扭曲市场,使国内制造商面临不公平竞争。
  • 🇨🇳 中国在补贴问题上是主要的关注点,但美国和欧洲之间在航空航天等领域也存在长期的补贴争议。
  • 🔄 拜登政府继续执行特朗普政府的许多贸易政策,包括在贸易方面的政策,尽管在语气和信息传递上有所不同。
  • 🏭 制造业回流美国面临挑战,包括劳动力短缺和基础设施建设的时间。
  • 🚢 亚洲至美国西海岸的严重拥堵也是促使制造商考虑在北美制造的因素之一。
  • 🛂 拜登政府对关键供应链的审查和推动国内生产某些基本产品,可能会影响公司是否回流的决策。
  • 🛍️ “购买美国”政策主要针对政府采购,但通过资金援助和拨款等间接方式,也可能影响公司的供应链决策。
  • 🇲🇽 除了美国,墨西哥和其他北美地区也是公司考虑的制造地点,这得益于USMCA协议。
  • 🔮 目前许多公司正在考虑其供应链决策,尚未形成明确的趋势,我们正处于一个过渡期。

Q & A

  • 新冠疫情如何影响了公司对其全球供应链的可见性?

    -疫情导致事情放缓,公司发现他们对国际供应链的依赖,特别是在寻找原材料和成品时,对其他国家的依赖在没有仓储空间的情况下,正导致问题,尤其是那些依赖即时交付的公司,因为海外工厂的关闭导致了货物交付的延迟。

  • 公司目前应该警惕哪些不公平的外国竞争形式?

    -公司应该警惕不公平的定价,比如产品以低于正常价值的价格销售(倾销)或得到补贴的情况。过去几个月,一些国家开始向本国制造业注入大量资金,这可能会产生补贴问题,使得不同地区的制造商面临来自得到政府补贴、能够降低价格以获取市场份额的公司的竞争。

  • 中国在当前全球供应链问题中扮演了怎样的角色?

    -中国是主要参与者,但不仅仅是中国,美国和欧洲之间也存在长期的补贴问题,例如在航空航天领域。全球各国都可能参与补贴实践,但有些补贴是合法的,而有些则会造成全球性的破坏。

  • 拜登政府维持特朗普政府的关税政策对制造业有何影响?

    -这些关税政策可能导致公司重新考虑他们的制造来源。拜登政府实际上继续执行了许多特朗普政府的贸易政策,这在贸易领域并没有太大的不同。

  • 制造业从亚洲回归美国的可能性有多大?

    -目前,一些公司在尝试将制造业迁回美国时遇到了劳动力和空间的问题。劳动力短缺和建立基础设施需要时间,但长期来看,这些问题可能会得到解决。

  • 美国西海岸港口的拥堵是否促使制造商考虑在北美制造?

    -拥堵是促使制造商考虑在北美制造的多种因素之一。公司现在更加意识到供应链风险,包括原材料供应的不确定性和运输中断。

  • 拜登政府关于关键供应链的贸易政策和审查是否会推动制造业回归?

    -目前还为时过早,无法确定这是否会真正推动人们回归。政府显然希望这样做,但这更多的是为了推动已经发生的事情,而不是完全由美国推动。

  • 买美国运动是否会影响公司考虑国内供应链制造?

    -是的,买美国运动不仅影响政府采购,还可能影响公司考虑国内供应链制造,因为政府提供的资金通常附带条件,这可能会促使公司重新考虑他们的制造地点。

  • 除了美国和亚洲,北美其他地区,如墨西哥,是否成为公司考虑的制造地点?

    -是的,北美作为一个整体,包括美国、墨西哥和加拿大,由于USMCA协议,可能会从一些政策中受益,成为公司考虑的制造地点。

  • 目前是否处于公司考虑供应链问题的过渡期?

    -是的,公司目前正在考虑这些问题,但尚未看到明显的向一个方向的趋势。许多公司正在制定长期计划,这需要时间来实施。

  • 公司在考虑重新安排供应链时,会考虑哪些因素?

    -公司在考虑重新安排供应链时,会考虑运输、制造、融资以及与这些活动相关的所有因素,以确保稳定性并控制他们的供应链。

Outlines

00:00

🌐 全球供应链的挑战与疫情影响

本段讨论了疫情对全球供应链的影响,特别是对依赖即时生产和国际供应链的公司造成的挑战。由于海外工厂关闭,导致依赖即时交货的公司面临问题。此外,还提到了贸易中的不公平竞争问题,如倾销和补贴,以及各国政府为重启制造业而投入资金可能导致的补贴问题。

05:00

🚢 制造业回流与西海岸港口拥堵

这段内容探讨了制造业从亚洲回流到美国的可能性,以及拜登政府继续执行特朗普政府的贸易政策。讨论了公司在尝试回流时面临的挑战,包括劳动力短缺和建立基础设施所需的时间。同时,还提到了西海岸港口的严重拥堵问题,这可能促使制造商考虑在北美制造以避免运输延误。

10:02

🛠️ 制造业的地缘政治与供应链多元化

最后一段讨论了地缘政治对制造业决策的影响,以及公司如何考虑将生产从中国转移到其他国家或地区,如北美。提到了USMCA(美墨加协定)使北美整体受益,并指出许多公司正在考虑长期计划,以更稳定地控制其供应链。还讨论了拜登政府的“购买美国货”政策可能如何影响公司的国内供应链决策。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡全球供应链

全球供应链指的是在全球范围内,产品从原材料采购、生产、加工到最终销售的整个流程。在视频中,全球供应链受到疫情的影响,导致生产和运输延迟,影响了企业的及时交付能力。例如,视频提到由于海外工厂关闭,依赖即时交付的公司面临问题。

💡疫情影响

疫情影响是指新冠疫情对全球经济、社会和日常生活造成的广泛影响。视频中提到,疫情导致供应链放缓,国际供应链中的公司发现依赖其他国家提供原材料或成品的及时性变得困难。

💡即时交付

即时交付是一种库存管理策略,旨在减少库存成本,通过精确安排生产和物流来满足需求。视频中提到,由于海外工厂关闭,依赖即时交付的公司面临问题,因为无法及时获得货物。

💡不公平的外国竞争

不公平的外国竞争通常指的是由于外国政府的补贴或倾销行为,导致国内产业面临不公平的市场条件。视频中提到,一些美国制造商面临来自外国的不公平定价竞争,这些产品可能以低于正常价值的价格销售,即倾销,或得到政府补贴。

💡补贴

补贴是指政府为了支持某些产业或活动而提供的财政援助。视频中指出,一些国家开始向本国制造业注入大量资金以重启生产,这可能导致补贴问题,使得不同地区的制造商面临来自得到政府补贴的公司的竞争。

💡贸易补救法

贸易补救法是一组法律和政策工具,用于保护国内产业免受不公平贸易行为的影响。视频中提到,贸易补救法可用于解决由于外国政府补贴导致的不公平竞争问题。

💡制造业回流

制造业回流是指将制造业从海外转移到国内的过程。视频中讨论了制造业从亚洲回流到美国的可能性,以及拜登政府如何继续推进特朗普政府的贸易政策,鼓励制造业回流。

💡美国-墨西哥-加拿大协定(USMCA)

USMCA是美国、墨西哥和加拿大之间的一项贸易协定,旨在促进这三个国家之间的贸易和投资。视频中提到,USMCA使得整个北美地区成为政策的受益者,不仅仅是美国。

💡关键供应链

关键供应链指的是对国家安全和经济稳定至关重要的产品和材料的供应链。视频中提到,拜登政府正在审查关键供应链,并考虑增强国内对某些基本产品的生产能力,以避免类似COVID-19疫情时的供应链中断。

💡购买美国货

购买美国货是一项政策,旨在鼓励政府采购和消费者购买美国制造的产品。视频中提到,拜登政府的购买美国货政策主要针对政府采购,但也可能会间接影响公司考虑国内供应链制造。

💡过渡期

过渡期是指从一个状态或条件转变到另一个状态或条件的时期。视频中提到,目前许多公司正在考虑他们的供应链决策,但尚未确定明确的方向,这表明我们正处于一个过渡期。

Highlights

全球供应链受疫情影响,导致公司实现供应链可视化的能力下降。

公司发现对其他国家或实体的依赖,特别是在及时交付方面,因海外工厂关闭而出现问题。

贸易救济法可用于解决因政府补贴导致的不公平竞争问题。

不仅是中国,世界各国都可能参与补贴实践,这可能对全球供应链造成干扰。

特朗普政府实施的关税政策被拜登政府维持,促使公司重新考虑其制造来源。

制造业从亚洲回归美国面临劳动力和基础设施建设的挑战。

美国西海岸港口的严重拥堵也是促使制造商考虑在北美制造的因素之一。

企业未充分考虑货运中断、健康中断和其他制造地点的风险。

拜登政府的贸易政策和关键供应链审查可能推动国内生产某些类型的基本产品。

购买美国货(Buy America)政策主要针对政府采购,但也会影响公司考虑国内供应链制造。

除了亚洲和美国,墨西哥和其他北美地区也是公司考虑的制造地点。

公司目前处于过渡期,正在考虑供应链和制造决策。

CEO和董事会正在考虑长期计划,以更好地控制全球供应链。

一些公司正在战略性地决定留在全球供应链中,但会增加控制。

其他公司则在等待观望,希望与美国有稳定关系的国家重新岸上化。

运输、生产线、融资等都与重新岸上化相关。

尽管不是所有公司都已做出决定,但许多人正在尝试现在采取行动。

预计未来两年将是观察公司如何调整其供应链和制造决策的有趣时期。

Transcripts

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what's top of mind for global supply

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chains right now

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i'm joined by michael taylor partner for

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international trade with the law firm of

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king and spalding hi mike how you doing

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doing well how about yourself good

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thanks for being with me today so how

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has the pandemic impacted companies

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ability to achieve visibility of their

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global supply chains

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well i think the

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the

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easy answer to that is things have

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slowed down

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people are all of a sudden finding that

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as they looked internationally over the

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last 20 years in their supply chain and

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looking for inputs raw materials but

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also looking for finished products in

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many cases

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that their dependence on

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another entity or another country for

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getting goods to them in timely manners

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without warehousing space is causing

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problems for those companies that are

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relying on just-in-time delivery because

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factories overseas are shutting down and

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they're sitting down here as well and

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then there's delays in freight and

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shipping issues yeah and of course there

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are plenty of problems that were in

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existence before the pandemic one of

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which is of course unfair foreign

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competition what should companies be

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looking out for right now in that area

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and what form is that currently taking

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so we represent a number of u.s

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manufacturers in this space and it's a

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great question i think companies that

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are involved in manufacturing that are

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seeing unfair pricing so they're seeing

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either products that are coming in

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that are causing uh competition with

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their product because they're being sold

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below a normal value which is called

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dumping or if they're being subsidized

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um and what we're really starting to see

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over the past few months from a policy

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perspective is countries are starting to

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pump a lot of money into manufacturing

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in their countries to get it restarted

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and that could create some subsidy

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issues

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where

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manufacturers in different locations are

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having to face competition from

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companies that are manufacturing

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government subsidies they're allowing

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them to lower their prices in order to

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take market share

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and so the trade remedy laws are

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available to address that situation and

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you're not just talking about china when

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you say that are you or is china the big

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the big fish in this in this whole

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scenario

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yeah china's the big fish but not just

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china for sure

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there's

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long-standing subsidy questions between

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the united states and europe and

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aerospace for example

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but countries all over the world can

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engage in subsidy practices and

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subsidies are some subsidies are

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perfectly

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legitimate and fine under international

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laws subsidies that cause uh disruption

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and that everybody in the world has

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agreed to account available that are

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that are problematic and and uh it's

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across the board but china you know i

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think a lot of people are looking to

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china and see that they've got a long

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history of counter-available subsidies

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yeah now the

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pandemic is one issue but then of course

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the tariffs that were put in place by

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the trump administration and as of this

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date maintained by the bide

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administration are also a big issue that

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are causing companies maybe to

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reconsider where they source their

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manufacturing

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what are the real world prospects

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however for the restoring of

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manufacturing from asia back to the

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united states what's the reality there

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well you know

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you

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take a step back and something

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underlying your question it's important

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for everyone to realize that the the

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biden administration is really carrying

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forward a lot of the trump

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administration policies with respect to

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trade it's one area where there's not a

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lot of difference between the bible

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administration and the trump

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administration um there's a different

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tone for sure and some different

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messaging but the core

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is really the same and the

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administration has really run with the

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idea of reassuring in the same way that

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the trump administration had run and

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laid the groundwork for that that that

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idea um and there are some delays and

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there are some issues with companies who

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are trying to reshore right now it's

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work is having a workforce the united

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states and i think that's probably uh um

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over time we'll level out i mean what

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we're hearing from companies who are

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trying to reshore right now is getting

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the workforce

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because a number of people are not

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willing under coded situations to come

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in and work in a situation and or

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there's just a tight workforce right now

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in the united states

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but getting space uh it takes time we

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have a number of clients we're working

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with as well that are trying to reshore

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but it takes time to build the

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infrastructure and to put the capital

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investment and to build things and so

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yeah

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i think the byte administration knows

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that and it's interesting how that is

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tailing into this new infrastructure

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plan that they've got in place yeah not

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only do they have to bring a fat

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factories back to the united states they

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have to relocate or put in proximity to

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those factories all the suppliers that

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feed those factories so i imagine that's

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a very very complex issue

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at the same time though i wonder if

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another

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reason why they might be considering it

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is congestion

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severe congestion at west coast sports

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specifically

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materials coming in from asia is that a

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factor also in causing manufacturers to

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think about hey will

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maybe the way to get around that is to

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manufacture here in the north america

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yeah i think that's one of many factors

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and it's insightful i think what

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happened is you know looking back 10 or

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20 years ago

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a number of companies decided from a

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manufacturing standpoint that they had

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some

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they could have gained profit by moving

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overseas and by

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distributing internationally and there's

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some real reasons to go international

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right because you have an international

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supply base and you have different

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chains but some companies that we're not

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thinking about the risk of freight

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disruptions of

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uh

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covid right health disruptions and other

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manufacturing locations i think a lot of

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that is now coming where people who just

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did didn't do the math they just saw the

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they didn't do the risk calculation they

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saw higher profitability potential

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without understanding that there's

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additional risk there

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those folks are starting to understand

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that risk issue which includes freight

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which includes congestion imports which

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includes includes you know short numbers

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of vessels who are able to

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load containers and carry back and forth

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the inability to get get materials when

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you need them

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that is all now coming back and

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companies are saying hey what is the

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equation you know we can account for

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freight but we may not be account be

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able to account for raw material

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instructions they may say we can do both

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we can account for both but they've got

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i think people's eyes are open more now

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than they were 20 years ago when they're

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thinking about where to put their

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factors oh also do you think that byte

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administrations do trade policy with

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regard to

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critical supply chains it's review of

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critical supply chains and is looking

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into i guess what would be a pumping up

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kind of a domestic source of certain

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types of essential products do you think

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that is also going to play into

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decisions as to whether or not to

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reshore

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it's interesting to see whether it will

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or not i think it's a little too early

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to know whether it will actually drive

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people the obvious administration

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clearly wants it to drive

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um i i think it really the way i've been

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thinking about is it's more wind uh to

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try and push along some momentum that's

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already happening i think economic

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factors have caused people to think

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about reshoring or at least securing

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their supply chain and controlling their

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supply chain themselves in ways that

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they hadn't previously

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um and what the by administration supply

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chain announcements by america tied into

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that but not necessarily just all by

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america is really focused at let's do

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what we can to ensure that we don't have

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a situation like covid

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issues again where we can't get key

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medicine we can't get key materials

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and they're really driving people to

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look at allies not just united states

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but allies for manufacturing bases but

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also to drive you know policy away from

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china for political reasons well my

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understanding is that the buy america

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campaign on the part of the buy

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administration is largely aimed at

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government procurement because the

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government doesn't really have the

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ability or the authority to tell

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companies where they can source stuff

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that they're making just for the

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consumer market but is there a link

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there

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do you think that that will be further

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impetus for companies to consider

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domestic supply chain manufacturing

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just in some way related to this buy

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america idea

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yeah oh clearly i do um you know

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it's not just government procurement

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directly when you think about it by

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america and by american policies and

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it's a it's an onion of an issue because

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there's lots of different layers that go

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to it but ultimately

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what what the idea behind that is where

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the government provides money that money

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comes with strings and so there's always

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direct purchases by the government

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through the federal acquisition

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regulations but in addition there's

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grant money there's money that goes

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through the states for epa funding for

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example for clean water issues there's

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money for technology there's in the new

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infrastructure bill if you if you see

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what's pending right now

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in congress

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there are a lot of strings attached to

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the trillion 1.2 trillion in money

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that's available or at least potentially

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available to ensure you know

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see lines of communication and good good

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avenues for infrastructure making sure

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that all of that is

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you know the money that's being spent is

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to promote economic growth in the united

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states and as a result yeah there will

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be companies i think who are saying hey

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there's a big pot of money out there

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even though it may not be a direct i'm

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selling to the government

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i'm going to have to expect that

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somebody i'm selling to ultimately may

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be getting a grant through a state that

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has federal funds attached to it that

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may come with strings

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so far our discussion has been pretty

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binary has they've been either well

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they're going to continue to manufacture

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in asia they're going to bring back the

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united states are of course other

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options one of which is mexico and other

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parts of north america is that a

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consideration right now that companies

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are making as well sure sure and i think

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i think it was interesting to see even

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under the trump administration uh when

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they were having the you know the trade

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war with china and the

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section 301 tariffs you were talking

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about with china you know exclusions

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were being granted at the time even on

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the trump administration not for

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necessarily moving things because

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something wasn't available for being

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made in the united states

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it just it wasn't available

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outside of china so there was a real

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effort i think to move things in that

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that realm away from china but to other

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countries because of the the

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geopolitical issues

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so the administration i think is also

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carrying forward on that that sense

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where there's a there's a recognition

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that with china policies um there's a

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there is an ability of the united states

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to drive policy if manufacturing is

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happening outside of china but less so

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within china

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and so they're happy to do that but

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north america as a whole with the usmca

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the u.s mexico canada agreement i think

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north america as a whole is a

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beneficiary of some of its policies

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not just the united states it does feel

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like so much still up in the air though

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like a lot of decisions haven't been

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made companies are thinking about these

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things but we're not seeing a strong

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trend in one direction or the other and

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would that be fair to say that we're in

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kind of a transitional period right now

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as companies mull over these issues

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yes i think that's that's insightful i i

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would say that there's probably more

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momentum behind the scenes

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um it's just taking time

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i the first say two years of the trump

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administration i think a lot of

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companies were standing by waiting to

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see what happened

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i think now um you know

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five years into a lot of this stuff

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starting to happen and the buy

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demonstration picking up and running

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with a lot of the same things

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what you're starting to i think see is

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uh ceos and boardroom and audit

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committees on boards saying hey we need

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to have a long-term plan here and it

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takes time to put that in place

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um and so there are some companies who

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are being strategic and saying we're

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going to stay with our manufacturing our

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supply chains throughout the world but

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we're going to control it more there are

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other companies who are

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waiting to see what happens still i

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think that's fewer i think wards are

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driving from a fiduciary standpoint to

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make decisions i think uh the other set

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is people who are saying hey we want to

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reshore or at least reshore in quotes to

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countries where um the united states

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traditionally would see them as an ally

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or at least has a relationship so

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there's some more stability and that

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goes to that goes to uh

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transportation it goes to manufacturing

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lines it goes to financing and all the

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things that go along with it so not

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everybody's made decisions but there are

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a lot of people deciding that they try

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to do something now and you'll see that

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i think in the next two years it'll be

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very interesting to see uh michael

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taylor of king and spaulding thank you

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very much for enlightening us as to what

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are some of the issues these days with

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regard to reshoring international trade

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decisions manufacturing and the like

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thank you for being with me today i

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really appreciate it

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thank you

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