Dr. Yossi Sheffi (MIT Professor): Supply chain lessons from the pandemic

Mecalux Group
4 Nov 202110:44

Summary

TLDR这段视频脚本讨论了供应链在疫情期间的重要性和变革。媒体通常对供应链的报道过于悲观,但实际上供应链在疫情期间表现出色,例如食品供应链迅速适应了需求的急剧变化。技术,尤其是机器人技术在仓储中的应用,因不需考虑疫情相关健康问题而得到加速发展。准备和恢复力是企业应对危机的关键,需要对供应商进行映射、优先级排序和集中决策。危机也是一个识别优秀客户、员工和供应商的机会。供应链的角色和重要性得到了提升,吸引了更多人才,包括女性,使这一领域变得更加复杂和专业化。技术采纳速度加快,但也出现了一些企业决策过于仓促的问题。贸易壁垒和芯片短缺等问题对全球供应链构成挑战,需要对技术有深入理解才能有效应对。供应链是经济的无形之手,使世界运转,若没有供应链,我们将回到自给自足的石器时代。

Takeaways

  • 📰 媒体对供应链的了解有限,往往倾向于过度夸大问题,而实际上供应链并没有失败,例如在2020年疫情初期,尽管许多餐馆、大学和工业关闭,但食品供应链依然有效运作,没有导致人们挨饿。
  • 🛠️ COVID-19加速了技术的应用,特别是在仓库中机器人的使用,因为机器人不需要休息、接种疫苗或佩戴口罩,可以全天候工作。
  • 🔍 美国目前面临劳动力短缺问题,这进一步推动了自动化和机器人技术在仓库中的应用。
  • 🤖 自动化和机器人技术的一个优势是,一旦算法修复了错误,就不会再犯同样的错误,提高了效率。
  • 🛡️ 准备应对危机时,需要优先考虑可能发生的事情及其影响,特别是那些不常发生但影响重大的事件。
  • 🔄 韧性是从材料科学中借鉴的概念,指的是在变形后恢复原状的能力,对公司而言,是在经历中断后恢复服务、生产或分销水平的能力。
  • 📝 为了建立韧性,需要对供应商进行映射,准备应对供应不足的情况,制定客户优先级,集中信息和决策制定,确保决策的有效性。
  • 👀 危机是识别优秀客户、员工和供应商的机会,了解谁值得长期合作。
  • 🎯 供应链的重要性在疫情期间得到了提升,现在人们更加认识到供应链的价值,供应链相关的教育和职业机会也在增加。
  • 🚀 供应链已经从一个基本的仓储和运输行业,发展成为一个高度复杂和专业化的领域,吸引了更多女性加入。
  • 💡 技术在疫情期间的快速采纳表明,公司可以在几周内做出决策,但这也导致了一些公司过度削减,需要重新审视决策过程。
  • 🚫 贸易壁垒,特别是在疫苗和芯片等关键领域,对全球供应链产生了负面影响。
  • 💡 技术的发展需要时间来理解和应用,供应链领域尤其需要新的教育来理解区块链、物联网、3D打印等技术。
  • 🔍 一些公司在没有明确问题解决目标的情况下购买技术,这是一个常见错误。
  • 🌐 供应链是经济的“无形之手”,它通过买卖链条连接买家和卖家,使经济得以运转。

Q & A

  • 供应链在疫情期间的表现如何?

    -供应链在疫情期间并没有失败,反而表现出色。例如,食品供应链在2020年2月底到3月初,尽管所有餐馆、大学和工业都关闭了,但人们并没有因此挨饿,食品依然能够被分配到需要的地方。

  • 疫情期间,哪些因素加速了技术在供应链中的采用?

    -疫情期间,技术在供应链中的采用被显著加速,尤其是仓库中的机器人技术,因为机器人不需要休息、不需要接种疫苗,也不需要戴口罩,可以全天候工作。

  • 为什么自动化和机器人技术在供应链中变得重要?

    -自动化和机器人技术在供应链中变得重要,因为它们可以一次性解决错误,通过修正算法来避免重复错误。此外,由于美国等地区工人短缺,自动化和机器人技术成为了推动力。

  • 在准备应对危机时,我们应该如何思考?

    -在准备应对危机时,我们需要优先考虑可能发生的事情,考虑事情发生的可能性以及如果发生会有多糟糕。最危险的是需要优先考虑那些不常发生但影响重大的事情。

  • 什么是韧性,它在供应链中如何体现?

    -韧性是从材料科学中借鉴来的概念,指的是材料在变形后保持形状的能力。在供应链中,韧性指的是公司在遭受某种干扰后,能够恢复到相同水平的服务、制造、分销等的能力。

  • 为了提高供应链的韧性,我们需要做哪些准备?

    -为了提高供应链的韧性,我们需要绘制所有供应商的地图,了解他们的位置,预先准备如果零件不足时的应对策略,如何优先考虑客户,如何集中所有信息和决策制定,确保决策制定得当,每个人都能做好自己的工作。

  • 危机期间,如何识别好的客户、员工和供应商?

    -一个好的危机是识别好的客户、员工和供应商的好机会。通过危机,可以看出谁在长期内对你承诺,谁在危机中表现出色,这些是你应该在危机后继续依赖和合作的对象。

  • 疫情期间,供应链的角色有何变化?

    -疫情期间,供应链的角色得到了提升。现在人们意识到供应链的重要性,供应链管理的申请人数也显著增加,供应链管理被认为是一个重要的职业发展方向。

  • 供应链管理如何变得更加专业化?

    -供应链管理变得更加专业化,不再仅仅是仓储和运输,而是涉及到计算机、管理和流程等方面。这一变化的一个标志是,现在供应链管理领域中男女比例已经达到平衡。

  • 疫情期间,技术采纳的速度有何变化?

    -疫情期间,技术采纳的速度大大加快。通常公司可能需要几个月甚至几年来决定购买某款软件,但在疫情期间,这个决定可能只需要几周或一个月。

  • 疫情期间,国际贸易中出现了哪些问题?

    -疫情期间,出现了疫苗和疫苗生产材料的贸易壁垒。当出现短缺,需求显著上升时,一些国家开始限制出口,这对于芯片和其他技术产品来说是个坏消息,因为芯片的使用量正在指数级增长。

  • 芯片短缺问题为何难以解决?

    -芯片短缺问题难以解决,因为建立一个真正的芯片制造工厂需要数年时间,这是一个复杂且风险高的过程。例如,一位CEO曾说过,他们每隔几年就会投入四十亿美元挖一个大坑,希望四年后能建成一个工厂,但科学是否可行,是否能生产出预期的产品,这些都是未知数。

  • 供应链中的技术挑战是什么?

    -供应链中的技术挑战包括理解技术的发展,并能够利用技术帮助我们。但教育人们理解技术,特别是在供应链领域,需要时间。一些公司的错误是购买技术而没有考虑要解决的问题是什么。

  • 供应链对全球贸易有什么作用?

    -供应链对全球贸易至关重要,它使得贸易成为可能,因为供应链将商品带给需要它们的人。如果没有供应链,我们就会回到每个人只为自己服务的石器时代,这显然不是一个好的发展方向。

  • 供应链中的买卖关系是如何运作的?

    -供应链是一系列买卖关系,买方和卖方都有动机。如果买卖双方之间的联系断裂,卖方会寻找其他买家,买方会寻找其他卖家,他们不需要从上层进行大规模的协调,因为每个环节都有动机尽可能解决问题。

Outlines

00:00

😀 供应链在疫情中的关键作用

第一段主要讨论了供应链在疫情期间的表现和媒体对其的误解。尽管媒体倾向于夸大问题,但实际上供应链并没有失败。以食品供应链为例,尽管餐厅、大学和工业在2020年2月至3月间突然关闭,导致大量食品需求消失,但人们并未因此挨饿,食品依然能够被有效分配。此外,疫情加速了技术的应用,尤其是机器人技术在仓库中的应用,因为机器人不需要休息、疫苗或口罩,可以全天候工作。在美国,由于劳动力短缺,自动化和机器人技术的需求增加。自动化和机器人技术虽然会犯错,但一旦算法修正,错误将不再发生。准备应对危机时,需要优先考虑可能发生的事件及其影响,尤其是那些不常发生但影响重大的事件。韧性是准备的关键,它来自材料科学,指的是材料在变形后恢复形状的能力。在企业中,韧性是指在经历中断后能够恢复到相同服务、制造或分销水平的能力。准备韧性需要了解所有供应商的位置,准备应对零件不足的情况,优先考虑客户,集中信息和决策制定,并确保决策过程的有效性。危机是识别优秀客户、员工和供应商的好机会,这些是企业在危机后应依赖的对象。

05:00

📚 供应链教育与职业发展

第二段讨论了供应链教育和职业发展的重要性。疫情期间,供应链的作用被更多人认识到,申请供应链相关教育项目的人显著增加。供应链不仅控制着公司从供应商到运输、制造、分销和退货的整个流程,而且已成为一个非常复杂的职业领域。这一领域的一个显著变化是女性从业者的增加,从传统的仓储和运输行业转变为涉及计算机、管理和流程的领域,女性和男性学生的比例达到了50/50。此外,疫情期间技术的采纳速度加快,公司决策购买软件的时间从几个月缩短到几周甚至一个月。然而,一些公司在快速决策时可能忽略了法律审查等重要步骤,现在一些公司正在设立委员会,以确保在保持快速响应的同时不会牺牲基本原则。贸易壁垒,特别是在疫苗和疫苗原料短缺时,对全球供应链产生了负面影响。芯片短缺问题尤为严重,因为建立一个新的芯片制造工厂需要数年时间,并且风险很大。教育和理解新技术之间存在滞后,特别是在供应链领域,需要时间培养能够理解区块链、物联网和3D打印等技术的新人才。一些公司在没有明确问题的情况下购买技术,这是一个常见错误。供应链是贸易的基础,如果没有供应链,我们将回到每个人自给自足的石器时代。

10:03

🔄 供应链的自我调节机制

第三段强调了供应链中买卖双方的自我调节机制。在供应链中,买卖双方都有自己的动机,如果买卖双方之间的联系断裂,卖方会寻找其他买家,买方会寻找其他卖家。这种机制不需要中央协调,因为链条中的每个环节都有解决问题的动力。供应链是一个自我调节的系统,其中每个环节都是解决问题的关键,整个系统就像一个大脑,自我管理和调整。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡供应链

供应链是指产品从原材料采购、生产、运输、分销直至最终用户手中的整个流程。视频中提到,尽管媒体经常将供应链问题灾难化,但实际上在疫情期间,供应链并没有失败,反而表现出色,例如食品供应链在餐厅、大学和工业关闭后依然能够保证人们不饿肚子。

💡技术采纳

技术采纳是指在组织或社会中接受和使用新技术的过程。视频中提到,疫情显著加速了技术,尤其是仓库机器人技术的采纳,因为机器人不需要咖啡、疫苗或口罩,可以全天候工作,减少人为错误。

💡自动化

自动化是指使用控制设备和信息技术来控制生产和经营过程,减少或消除对人类操作的需要。视频中提到,由于美国劳动力短缺,自动化,特别是仓库机器人技术,成为了一种驱动力,因为自动化系统一旦设置好,就可以持续稳定地运行。

💡韧性

韧性是指在面对干扰或变化时,系统、组织或个人能够恢复到原有状态或适应新环境的能力。视频中强调了韧性的重要性,即企业在面对供应链中断时,能够快速恢复到正常的服务、生产和分销水平。

💡供应链管理

供应链管理是指对供应链中的活动进行规划、组织、协调、指挥和控制的过程,以实现效率和效果的最大化。视频中提到,供应链管理不仅仅是仓储和运输,而是一个涉及计算机、管理和流程的复杂职业。

💡危机准备

危机准备是指为了应对可能发生的危机或灾难,提前进行规划和准备的过程。视频中提到,危机准备需要优先考虑可能发生的事情,并评估其发生的可能性和潜在影响,尤其是那些不常发生但影响重大的事件。

💡客户优先级

客户优先级是指在资源有限或供应不足时,根据一定的标准对客户进行排序,以决定哪些客户应该优先获得服务或产品。视频中提到,供应链中断时,企业需要考虑如何优先分配资源给客户,这有助于识别和维护与关键客户的关系。

💡供应链角色

供应链角色是指供应链中各个参与者的职责和作用,包括供应商、制造商、分销商和最终用户等。视频中提到,供应链的重要性在疫情期间得到了提升,供应链管理的角色在公司中变得更加重要。

💡贸易壁垒

贸易壁垒是指国家或地区为了保护本国产业,通过征收关税、设定配额或实施其他限制措施,阻碍国际贸易的行为。视频中提到,在疫情期间,疫苗和疫苗原材料的贸易壁垒问题凸显,这对全球供应链产生了负面影响。

💡芯片短缺

芯片短缺是指由于需求增加、生产能力不足或其他因素导致的半导体芯片供应不足的现象。视频中提到,芯片短缺是一个严重的问题,因为建立一个新的芯片制造工厂需要数年时间和巨额投资,这对技术行业构成了挑战。

Highlights

供应链在疫情期间表现出色,没有失败。

媒体对供应链的报道往往过于悲观。

疫情期间食品供应链迅速适应,确保了人们没有挨饿。

Kovit加速了技术在供应链中的采用。

机器人在仓库中的应用因无需考虑疫情相关健康问题而增加。

美国劳动力短缺推动了自动化和机器人技术的应用。

自动化和机器人技术一旦出错,只需修正算法即可避免重复错误。

准备应对危机时需要优先考虑可能发生且影响严重的事情。

准备应对不常发生但影响重大的事件是具有挑战性的。

韧性是从材料科学中借鉴的概念,指的是公司在遭受干扰后恢复原有服务水平的能力。

为了建立韧性,需要提前准备并了解所有供应商的情况。

危机期间可以识别出优秀的客户、员工和供应商。

供应链的重要性在疫情期间得到了提升。

供应链专业的女性从业者数量增加,变得更加多样化。

疫情期间技术采纳速度加快,决策时间缩短。

一些公司在疫情期间削减过多,现在需要重新审视决策过程。

疫情期间出现了疫苗和材料的贸易壁垒。

芯片短缺问题凸显,因为建立新的芯片制造厂需要数年时间。

供应链中的技术理解存在滞后,需要时间来培养理解新技术的人才。

公司在采用新技术时,有时会没有明确要解决的问题。

供应链是贸易的基石,没有供应链就没有贸易。

供应链是经济中看不见的手,通过买卖双方的激励自我调节。

Transcripts

play00:00

supply chain

play00:01

executives and managers and workers with

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the heroes of this pandemic

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several things that we learn about

play00:11

supply chain the media the general media

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know very little about supply chain the

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media tend to catastrophizing everything

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to make everything bad

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supply chain failed

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supply chain did not fail in fact supply

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chain it was the best time for supply

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chain for example think about the food

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supply chain from one day to the next in

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end of february beginning of march 2020

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all restaurants were closed all

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universities are closed all industry was

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closed

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so suddenly half the food that was going

play00:43

to these places

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was not going anymore yet by and large

play00:47

nobody went hungry the stuff kept going

play00:50

people made a big deal out of it and it

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was wrong

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big time kovit has accelerated

play00:57

significantly the adoption of technology

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in general and one of the main

play01:03

issue was robotics in warehousing first

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of all because

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robots

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don't get coffee don't need to be

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vaccinated don't need to wear masks so

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they just work 24 7. not a problem

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second

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in the united states at least now

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there's lack of workers

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there are many more open positions than

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workers

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so

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again it's another drive for automation

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in general and particularly robotics in

play01:33

in warehousing

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and the thing with with automation and

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robotic it's not that it doesn't have

play01:39

mistakes

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but you make the mistakes only once

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i mean you fix the algorithm and it's

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fixed that's it from this point on

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there's no problem

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if you think about preparation to begin

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with you have to prioritize what are you

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kind of preparing for so he you can

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think about what's the probability that

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something will happen and then if it

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happens how bad it's going to be

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and most people think that you have to

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prepare

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mostly for the stuff that has high

play02:11

likelihood to happen

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and it will happen it's going to be bad

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the most dangerous thing that have to be

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prioritized is things that do not happen

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a lot but they have

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in a significant impact this is like a

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coveted like

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bp explosion like

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you know

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japan and japan disaster things that who

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could have dreamed that japan will not

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be prepared for earthquakes i mean my

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god japan

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the country that's more prepared than

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any other country

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the reason that

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it's harder to prepare for is because it

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didn't happen things that happened a lot

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before even though they were bad

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you know you could drill them you could

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prepare for them

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you know it's never exactly the same as

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you prepare for but you have the basic

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framework things that

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never happened before you can

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only

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come up with general resilience

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resilience is a concept taken from

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material science actually it's the

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ability of material

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to retain its shape after deformation

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here we're talking about the ability of

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a company

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to bounce back to the same level of

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service manufacturing level

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distribution whatever after some kind of

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disruption

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[Music]

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many elements from this how to prepare

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for resilience you have to

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map all your

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suppliers to know

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where they are you have to prepare ahead

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of time what will you do if you don't

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have enough if you don't get enough

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parts and you cannot give everything to

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every to every customer how do you

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prioritize customers how do you

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centralize all the information and the

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decision-making how do you make sure the

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decision-making is not is done well and

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everybody is doing his job

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a good crisis is very good to find out

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who the good customers are who the good

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employees are who who the good suppliers

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are knowing who the good ones are this

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is who you should bet on coming out of

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the crisis and you should think about do

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you still want to have certain division

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that didn't perform you still want to

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deal with certain supply research and

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customers it's an opportunity to see who

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is

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who is committed to you in the long term

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[Music]

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one of the great things that happened is

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that it elevated the role of supply

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chain everybody now know how important

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supply chain is they used to ask my wife

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what's your husband doing at mit and he

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used to say works on supply chain they

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say

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what is that i mean and now everybody

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say oh that's important i mean it's just

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completely changed and you see in

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companies supply chain is elevated now

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even

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applications to programs to graduate

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programming supply chain to our program

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but many other programs

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are increasing dramatically people

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realize that that's an important and

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good career move

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uh that you can

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because it kind of controls everything

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that happens

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in the company from the supplier to the

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transportation to manufacturing to

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distribution to return the whole thing

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is supply chain another interesting

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thing that happened in supply chain

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while we're at it

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is it became it used to be just

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warehousing and trucking basically

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it's now a very very sophisticated

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profession

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and one of the metrics that we see for

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this becoming more sophisticated

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profession

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many more women in the profession

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it used to be trucking and warehousing

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used to be a men's world

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now we're talking about computers and

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management and processes and

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we now have this this year we have 50 50

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among our students men and women

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so it's great

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it's great to see

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talent that was not even thinking about

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supply chain maybe 20 years ago 30 years

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ago

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entering the profession it can only make

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it better

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another thing that happened is

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there was a much

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much faster

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uptake of technology during the pandemic

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usually it may take you know months and

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years for a company to make a decision

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to buy some piece of software this was

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you know weeks you know a month and

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things like that now the truth is

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that many companies felt that they

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cut too much and they need a better for

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example legal review is a contract were

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written quickly and all of this

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so some companies have now committees

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that look at

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how can we do do how can we do stuff

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quickly just like we did the epidemic

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but not cut too many corners

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unfortunately during coffee we saw that

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there were trade barriers for vaccines

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themselves for materials to make

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vaccines whenever there is a shortage

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and

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the demand goes up significantly

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we will see

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countries that are starting to

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constraint how much can be can be

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exported out and this is really bad news

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for chips and other technology in

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particular because

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the uses of chip in general is going up

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exponentially shortage of chip is

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is a problem because it takes years to

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build

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a real cheap manufacturing plan it takes

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years to build and it's complicated and

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risky

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you know i was talking once to a ceo and

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he said let me tell you what risk means

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every few years we dig a big hole in the

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ground

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and we put four billion dollars into it

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and we hope that there'll be a plant

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that four years from now

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it will make what we hope it will make

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we don't even know the science if

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science can be there we don't even know

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if we can make things like this but we

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have to make the the bet right now

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talk about risk that's risk

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some of the challenge is to understand

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the technology the technology is

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becoming better and can help us a lot

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but

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there's a lag between

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the education of people to understand

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the technology especially in supply

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chain it takes time

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for to get new people who get the right

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education and can understand you know

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blockchain and internet of things and 3d

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printing and

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know where it fits and where it doesn't

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fit some of the mistakes that i see

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companies make sometimes is they

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buy technology without ever thinking

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what's the problem that you're trying to

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solve

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[Music]

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without supply chain it means that

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every

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there's no trade basically supply chain

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enables trade because you bring

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something

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to somebody who needs it so okay so you

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already have a purchasing and

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distribution function even if it's one

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person

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then in the old babylonian you know

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markets people

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came to the market so there was there

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were merchants in the market who had to

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bring stuff so that they had procurement

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they had distribution customer came they

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had to

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send it there was transportation so all

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the elements were always there

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without supply chain we are back to

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every person for himself you have to

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hunt you have to build your own house

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you have to do everything yourself you

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don't

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take anything from from anybody so we're

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back to the stone age and it's

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it was no fun

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supply chain enables the world to work

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the invisible hand of the economy if you

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think about supply chain it's a chain of

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buy and sell a buy and sell a buying set

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a buying set of material in parts and

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products and

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so it's basically

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you know both buyer and sellers have

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incentive if the link break between one

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buyer and one seller

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the seller will look for other buyers

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the buyer will look for you know

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other sellers they don't need

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a big orchestration

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uh from above because every chain in the

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link has incentive to solve the problems

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as far as they can the beauty is this

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there's no brain don't need the brain

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it's the system is the brain that's it

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