Ultrassom na Fisioterapia [Parte 1] - Videoaula completa

Summary

This video explores the use of ultrasound in physiotherapy, focusing on its theoretical principles, mechanisms, and clinical applications. It discusses the characteristics of different frequencies (1 MHz and 3 MHz), the piezoelectric effect, and the importance of impedance and absorption in tissue. Viewers learn about the zones of interference, the effects of continuous versus pulsed ultrasound, and how to calculate application time. Additionally, the video outlines contraindications for ultrasound use, making it a valuable resource for both students and professionals in the field.

Takeaways

• 😀 Ultrasound in physiotherapy is a thermotherapy modality that generates deep heat, useful for various treatments.
• 🔍 The two main frequencies used in ultrasound are 1 MHz (deep penetration) and 3 MHz (superficial penetration).
• ⚡ The piezoelectric effect is essential for ultrasound, converting electrical energy into ultrasonic waves.
• 📏 Ultrasound waves travel faster in solids due to greater molecular compression, impacting treatment effectiveness.
• 📈 Tissue impedance affects the absorption of ultrasonic waves; denser tissues absorb more, leading to increased temperature.
• 🔥 Hot spots can occur during ultrasound therapy due to wave interference, increasing energy and therapeutic effects.
• ⚙️ Continuous ultrasound provides thermal effects for chronic lesions, while pulsed ultrasound focuses on non-thermal effects for acute injuries.
• 💧 The Foresee effect enhances the penetration of topical drugs into tissues using ultrasonic waves.
• ⏱️ The duration of ultrasound application is determined by the treatment area divided by the effective radiating area (ERA) of the device.
• 🚫 Contraindications for ultrasound include pregnancy over the uterus, ischemic areas, infections, near pacemakers, and in gonadal regions.

Q & A

What is the primary focus of the video?

The video discusses ultrasound therapy in physiotherapy, including its theoretical aspects and practical applications.

What are the two types of ultrasound frequencies commonly used in physiotherapy?

The commonly used frequencies in physiotherapy are 1 megahertz for deeper tissue heating and 3 megahertz for more superficial treatments.

What is the piezoelectric effect, and why is it important in ultrasound therapy?

The piezoelectric effect occurs when an electric current acts on a crystal, generating ultrasonic waves. It is crucial for the functioning of ultrasound machines in therapy.

How does tissue density affect the absorption of ultrasonic waves?

Higher tissue density leads to greater impedance, which results in higher absorption of ultrasonic waves and consequently higher temperatures in the tissue.

What are 'hot points' in the context of ultrasound therapy?

'Hot points' are areas where overlapping ultrasonic waves create zones of higher energy, leading to increased heating and potentially greater therapeutic effects.

What are the differences between continuous and pulsed ultrasound?

Continuous ultrasound provides uninterrupted waves and is used for chronic conditions, while pulsed ultrasound delivers waves intermittently and is suitable for acute injuries.

What are the desired and undesired effects of cavitation in ultrasound therapy?

Stable cavitation (desired) involves bubbles growing and shrinking without bursting, providing therapeutic benefits, while unstable cavitation (undesired) involves bubbles bursting, potentially causing tissue damage.

How is the duration of ultrasound application determined?

The duration is calculated using the formula: time = area to be treated divided by the effective radiating area (ERA) of the ultrasound device.

What are the contraindications for ultrasound application?

Contraindications include application over the uterus during pregnancy, areas with infections, ischemic tissues, over a pacemaker, eyes, and gonads.

What is the significance of the book 'Electrothermophototherapy' by Dow Jones?

This book provides protocols for ultrasound application and other modalities, serving as a valuable resource for clinical use and studies related to physiotherapy.