Mekanika Fluida FM01 (Lecture 1: 1/4). Definisi Fluida, Newton's Law

Bagus Muljadi
7 Feb 202212:00

Summary

TLDRThe script is a lecture on fluid mechanics, a challenging subject for many students. It begins with defining 'fluid' as a substance that continuously deforms when stress is applied, unable to withstand shear stress. The lecture explains concepts such as force, pressure, and stress, and introduces viscosity, which relates to the velocity of fluid layers. An example is given using a thin layer of water, illustrating how viscosity can be calculated using the shear stress applied and the resulting velocity gradient. The lecture aims to deepen understanding of fluid dynamics and its practical applications.

Takeaways

  • πŸ”¬ Fluid mechanics is a challenging yet essential subject for students in fields like automotive engineering, physics, and any discipline related to fluid dynamics.
  • πŸ’§ The definition of a fluid is a substance that continuously deforms when subjected to shear stress, meaning it cannot withstand a pushing force.
  • Shear stress (Ο„) is defined as the force applied parallel to a surface divided by the area of that surface, with units typically expressed as Newtons per square meter (N/mΒ²).
  • πŸ“š The concept of shear stress is fundamental to understanding fluid behavior, as it helps explain how fluids respond to applied forces.
  • πŸ“ The relationship between shear stress and velocity is described by the equation Ο„ = ΞΌ (βˆ‚u/βˆ‚y), where ΞΌ is the dynamic viscosity, u is the velocity, and y is the spatial coordinate in the direction perpendicular to the flow.
  • πŸ’§ The behavior of fluids near a solid surface is influenced by intermolecular forces, including cohesion (between fluid molecules) and adhesion (between fluid and solid molecules).
  • 🌊 Fluids exhibit a property called no-slip condition, where the fluid velocity at the boundary with a solid is zero due to the adherence of fluid molecules to the solid surface.
  • πŸ“‰ The velocity distribution of fluid molecules near a solid surface is not uniform; it varies linearly from zero at the surface to a maximum value at a certain distance, described by the velocity gradient.
  • πŸ”„ Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to deformation and is crucial in predicting fluid flow behavior under different stress conditions.
  • 🌐 Practical applications of understanding viscosity include solving engineering problems related to fluid flow, which can have significant implications in design and operation of various systems.
  • πŸ“š The lecture introduces fundamental concepts in fluid mechanics that are essential for further studies and applications in the field.

Q & A

  • What is the definition of a fluid according to the script?

    -A fluid is defined as a substance that continuously deforms when subjected to a shear stress.

  • What is the difference between a fluid and sand according to the script?

    -While sand can flow and take the shape of a container, it is not considered a fluid because it does not continuously deform under shear stress.

  • What is shear stress?

    -Shear stress is defined as the force applied parallel to the surface divided by the area over which the force is applied.

  • What is the unit of shear stress?

    -The unit of shear stress is Newtons per square meter (N/m^2).

  • What is the relationship between shear stress and viscosity?

    -Viscosity is related to shear stress through the equation where shear stress is equal to viscosity times the rate of deformation.

  • What is the rate of deformation?

    -The rate of deformation is the velocity of a fluid at a certain point in space and time.

  • What is the concept of no-slip condition mentioned in the script?

    -The no-slip condition refers to the scenario where the fluid molecules at the boundary with a solid surface have a velocity equal to zero because they are in contact with the solid.

  • What is meant by the linear distribution of velocity in the script?

    -The linear distribution of velocity implies that the change in velocity across a thin layer of fluid is directly proportional to the distance from the solid surface, represented as a straight line in a velocity profile.

  • What is the significance of the term 'Dewi' in the context of the script?

    -In the script, 'Dewi' refers to the gradient of the velocity profile, which is the slope of the linear distribution of fluid velocity with respect to the coordinate normal to the surface.

  • What does the term 'Miu' represent in the script?

    -Miu, or dynamic viscosity, is the proportionality constant between shear stress and the rate of deformation, encapsulating the cause and effect relationship in fluid flow.

  • How does the script suggest applying the understanding of viscosity to practical engineering problems?

    -The script suggests that understanding viscosity is crucial for solving various engineering problems involving fluid flow.

Outlines

00:00

πŸ’§ Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

This paragraph introduces the concept of fluid mechanics, which the speaker finds intimidating due to its complexity. It mentions that understanding fluid mechanics is essential for students of automotive engineering, physics, and other related fields. The speaker emphasizes the importance of grasping basic concepts like fluid identity, definition, and viscosity. The paragraph also discusses the definition of a fluid as a substance that continuously deforms when subjected to shear stress, distinguishing it from non-fluids like sand. The concept of stress is introduced, explaining that it is force per unit area, and the speaker uses the example of pushing a book to illustrate the application of shear stress.

05:02

🌊 Shear Stress and Viscosity

The second paragraph delves into the concept of shear stress and viscosity. It uses the example of a thin layer of water on a hard surface with a waterproof phone placed on it to demonstrate how shear stress is applied. The speaker explains that when force is applied, the water layer will move, and this movement is described by velocity. The paragraph explores the intermolecular forces between water molecules and how they interact with solid surfaces, leading to adhesion and cohesion. It discusses how these forces affect the movement of water molecules and introduces the no-slip condition, which states that the speed of the fluid at the boundary with a solid is zero. The concept of velocity distribution across a fluid layer is introduced, with the velocity gradient being the key factor in determining fluid behavior.

10:03

πŸ” Newton's Law of Viscosity

The final paragraph focuses on Newton's law of viscosity, which relates the shear stress to the rate of deformation of a fluid. It introduces the concept of dynamic viscosity as the proportionality constant between shear stress and the velocity gradient. The paragraph explains that this relationship is encapsulated in the equation, where the viscosity of a fluid is directly related to how it deforms under applied shear stress. The speaker provides a brief overview of practical engineering problems that can be solved using an understanding of viscosity and fluid mechanics, promising to cover more examples in future classes.

Mindmap

Keywords

πŸ’‘Fluid Mechanics

Fluid Mechanics is the study of how fluids, such as liquids and gases, behave when they are in motion or at rest. In the video, the lecturer introduces Fluid Mechanics as a challenging yet essential subject for students studying automotive engineering, physics, and any field related to fluid dynamics. The script mentions that understanding Fluid Mechanics is crucial for dealing with anything that flows.

πŸ’‘Viscosity

Viscosity refers to the internal resistance of a fluid to flow, which is a measure of a fluid's internal friction. It is a key concept in the video, where the lecturer discusses how viscosity is related to the flow of fluids. The script uses the term 'n slow viscosity' to describe the relationship between fluid velocity and shear stress, which is central to understanding fluid behavior.

πŸ’‘Shear Stress

Shear Stress is the force that causes deformation in a fluid. The video script explains that shear stress is a force applied over an area, defined as force per unit area. The lecturer uses the example of pushing a book across a table to illustrate shear stress, emphasizing its importance in understanding fluid behavior under different forces.

πŸ’‘Force

Force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. In the context of the video, force is discussed in relation to shear stress, where the lecturer explains that force is applied parallel to the surface to create shear stress. The script mentions 'F' for force and 'A' for area to describe the calculation of shear stress.

πŸ’‘Area

Area is a measure of the extent of a two-dimensional shape or surface. The video script mentions area in the context of calculating shear stress, where the force applied is divided by the area over which it is applied. The lecturer clarifies that the unit of area is square meters, which is essential for understanding the units of shear stress.

πŸ’‘Vector

A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction. In the video, the lecturer discusses vectors in relation to shear stress, explaining that shear stress has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. The script uses the term to illustrate how force can have a specific direction, which is crucial for understanding its effect on fluids.

πŸ’‘Normal Force

Normal Force is the force that acts perpendicular to the surface of contact. The video script mentions normal force in the context of applying force to an object, explaining that if force is applied perpendicular to a surface, it results in a normal force. This concept is important for understanding how forces can affect the motion of fluids in different directions.

πŸ’‘Molecules

Molecules are the smallest particles into which a substance can be divided without losing its chemical properties. The video script discusses molecules in the context of fluid behavior, explaining how the interaction between molecules in a fluid and those of a solid surface affects fluid flow. The lecturer uses the example of a thin layer of water to illustrate how molecules move and interact.

πŸ’‘Adhesion

Adhesion is the attraction between molecules of different substances that causes them to stick to each other. In the video, adhesion is discussed as a force that occurs when a fluid comes into contact with a solid surface. The lecturer explains that adhesion is an important factor in understanding how fluids interact with their surroundings.

πŸ’‘Cohesion

Cohesion is the intermolecular force that holds molecules of the same substance together. The video script mentions cohesion in the context of fluid behavior, explaining how the attraction between molecules within a fluid contributes to its flow properties. Cohesion is essential for understanding how fluids maintain their integrity and resist separation.

πŸ’‘Velocity

Velocity is a vector quantity that represents the rate of change of an object's position with respect to time, and includes both speed and direction. In the video, velocity is discussed in relation to fluid flow, where the lecturer explains how the velocity of fluid molecules changes across different layers of the fluid. The script uses the term to describe how the rate of deformation of a fluid is related to the applied force.

πŸ’‘No-slip Condition

The no-slip condition is an assumption in fluid dynamics that states that the fluid velocity at the boundary of a solid surface is equal to the velocity of that surface. The video script mentions the no-slip condition to explain how fluid molecules at the surface of a solid have a velocity of zero, which is a fundamental concept in understanding fluid behavior near boundaries.

Highlights

Introduction to fluid mechanics, a challenging subject for many students.

Importance of understanding fluid mechanics in fields related to automotive engineering, physics, and technology.

Definition of fluid as a substance that continuously deforms when subjected to shear stress.

Explanation of the difference between fluid and non-fluid substances like sand.

Shear stress defined as force per unit area, with a vector representation.

Description of how applying force parallel to a surface results in shear stress.

Differentiation between shear force and normal force.

Explanation of viscosity and its relation to fluid flow.

Illustration of how a thin layer of fluid behaves under shear stress.

Concept of fluid molecules adhering to the surface of a solid and the resulting motion.

Introduction to the idea of molecular cohesion and adhesion in fluid dynamics.

Simplification of fluid dynamics concepts for beginners with linear velocity distribution.

Derivation of the relationship between shear stress and velocity gradient in fluid layers.

Explanation of the no-slip condition at the fluid-solid interface.

Introduction to the concept of dynamic viscosity and its significance.

Practical applications of understanding viscosity in engineering problems.

Encouragement for students to apply their knowledge of fluid mechanics to solve real-world problems.

Transcripts

play00:00

Hai howto teman sekarang kita belajar

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mekanika fluida mata kuliah yang paling

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menakutkan setidaknya bagi saya pada

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waktu membeli jurusan S1 dulu

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apapun itu menurut saya yang masih

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berhubungan dengan fluida anak teknik

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anak jurusan otomotif jurusan fisika

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harus mengerti tentang itu jauh lebih

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dalam mekanika fluida ini teman-teman

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akan temukan Lagi Dan Lagi Dan Lagi di

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masa depan Selama masih bersentuhan

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dengan apapun yang mengalir gitu jadi

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hari ini kita mau belajar lebih dalam

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tentang itu kuliah pertama masih

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berkutat di sekitar identitas definisi

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dan n slow viscosity apa tuh semuanya

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kebingungan Nah jadi sebelum kita mau

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lebih jauh yang paling penting dari

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mempelajari sesuatu adalah tahun

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definisi apa yang kita pelajari jadi apa

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sih itu disebut fluida

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sebenarnya orang banyak kalau ditanya

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apa yang disebut fluida itu pasti

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bilangnya apapun yang mengalir atau

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apapun yang kalau ditaruh didalam sebuah

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bejana

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ngikuti bentuk gejala tersebut benar sih

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dua-duanya boleh tapi yang membuat

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seseorang itu jawabannya elegan adalah

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kalau jawabannya tentang definisi itu

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hanya bisa dipenuhi oleh satu wujud gitu

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jadi unik Misalnya saja soalnya

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pasir-pasir juga kan bisa disebut

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mengalir dan juga kalau ditaruh didalam

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bejana akan memiliki eksternal site

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seperti bejana itu tersebut sendiri tapi

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yang pasti pasir itu bukan fluida Nah

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jadi jawaban yang elegan tentang fluida

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adalah

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sebuah substansi

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yang terdeformasi

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secara terus-menerus

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ketika

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terkena atau teraplikasi oleh

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The

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Spot kalian bisa

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Jadi intinya Friday Itu adalah sebuah

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substansi yang tidak bisa menahan beban

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tekanan geser itu artinya Jadi ia

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disebutkan geser pasir Stres ini adalah

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salah satu yang perlu kita perhatikan

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nanti bahasa yunaninya biasanya disebut

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tol tekanan geser tetap gitu kau itu

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definisinya adalah

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gaya geser dibagi area jadi F ini

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Force

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server tepatnya sedangkan Aini area gitu

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ya jadi begitu nah unitnya tentu

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n per m2 karena itu unitnya area dibagi

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Unite gaya dibagi uniknya area apa sih

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yang disebut servers The

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Corrs Itu adalah sebuah vektor

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biasanya depan Nah di atasnya jadi punya

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gaya

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punya magnitud punya arah gitu yang

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disebut share itu kalau arahnya itu

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paralel terhadap bidang dimana for itu

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diaplikasikan

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ya kan Jadi kalau misalnya saya lagi

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mushaf-mushaf papan ini Nah itu artinya

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saya sudah mengaplikasikan gaya geser

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karena saya mengaplikasikan gaya

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tersebut paralel dengan permukaan

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autolisis Jadi kalau saya lagi baikan

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sama istri saya bisa marah-marah terus

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tutorial saya dengan

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mengaplikasikan tekanan geser atau gaya

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geser ya kalau saya dorong dari luar ke

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dalam itu namanya normal Force gitu Ya

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sebenernya

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satuan Newton

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area adalah ya kalau saya sudah

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mengaplikasikan gaya gesek arahnya

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adalah area dimana tangan saya Hai

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menyentuh papan itu jadi besarnya tangan

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saya gitu kan Nah jadi ini adalah gaya

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geser dan tekanan geser sebenernya

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sebuah definisi yang ribet

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berbelit-belit Ini bisa diperpendek

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menjadi sebuah formula Kenapa tidak

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jadikan formula karena kalau jadi

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formula kita bisa jadikan alat untuk

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mengukur sesuatu Kalau kalimat begini

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enggak bisa gitu nah er Apa yang disebut

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n slow viscosity

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yang bilang bahwa tahu

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itu berbanding dengan di you over

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giveaway

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nah you adalah kecepatan way adalah

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koordinat we dalam ruang dan tahu itu

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tekanan geser Jadi kalau bingung saya

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belikan berikan sebuah ilustrasi gitu ya

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sebenarnya definisi ini bisa diganti

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dengan unit second loyang kira-kira

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panjang itu cuma Sabtu inci tapi untuk

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membuat kita mengerti lebih banyak saya

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Berikan ilustrasi gimana

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persamaan tersebut bisa diaplikasikan

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misalnya kita punya sebuah permukaan

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yang

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terbuat dari benda keras untuk Solo kode

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misalnya diatas permukaan tersebut ada

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lapisan air yang tipis jadi lapisan air

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yang tipis seperti itu ya ini sih

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dilebih-lebihkan halusnya tipis gede

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misalnya tipis gitu eh

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tipis-tipis kita kasih lambang Delta

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gitu misalnya di atas benda cair ini

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atau air ini saya taruh handphone saya

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Yang anti air bentuknya kotak jelek

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karena design sama anak Unpad nyoba ini

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punya gaya

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geser

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biarkan semua aplikasikan gaya geser

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jadi arahnya itu harus paralel terhadap

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permukaan cairan tersebut Nah itu slow

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kalau teman-teman ambil fisika tentu

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bilang bahwa kalau ini diaplikasikan

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kepadanya gaya pasti juga akan bergerak

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dengan kecepatan Taro kecepatan itu fade

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misalnya

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konstan kecepatannya

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oke

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sekarang tentu secara imajinasi kita

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bisa memprediksi bahwa kalau ini

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diaplikasikan tekanan Pasti karena dia

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mengapung di atas lapisan air air di

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bawahnya pun akan bergerak itulah yang

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dituangkan tifikasi oleh persamaan

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tersebut itu tak jadi satu hal yang

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perlu kita tahu sebelum kita prediksi

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Bagaimana Sebenarnya dia bergerak adalah

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bahwa molekul air itu saling berikatan

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dengan molekul air sebelahnya demikian

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juga ketika air itu bersentuhan dengan

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Solid atau benda padat maka molekul dari

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benda padat tersebut juga berikatan atau

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memiliki ikatan Betapapun lemahnya itu

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dengan molekul air dengannya dia

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bersentuhan itu namanya gaya adhesi dan

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kohesi itu untuk kuliah lain ke bidang

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kitabullah bidang kimia gitu ya jadi

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kalau kita bayarkan air itu memiliki

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molekul

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dibawahnya untuk ini di simplifikasi

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molekul air itu sebenarnya padat sekali

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kalau mau tahu berapa banyak dalam satu

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mil itu kira-kira sebanyak bilangan

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avogadro gitu jadi

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molekul

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air yang bersentuhan dengan molekul

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padat itu akan bergerak seturut dengan

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kecepatan molekul pada tersebut karena

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dia berpegangan tangan dengan padat

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tersebut kan

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benda padat jadi ada bergerak dengan

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kecepatan V identik dengan kecepatan

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benda pada tersebut ke kanan sedangkan

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dia juga bergerak

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dengan menarik molekul dibawahnya persis

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gitu kan di sini dan di sini itu ada

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gaya tarik-menarik Nah karena

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molekul-molekul di dalam air itu atau

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cairan apapun itu berpegangan tangan

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tapi tendangannya tidak terlalu kuat

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Gitu berpegangan Setengah Hati kayak

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lagunya Ada Band kami juga bergerak ke

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kanan tapi tidak cepat secepat molekul

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yang berada diatasnya paling segitu

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kira-kira heran demikian juga di

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bawahnya paling segitu demikian juga di

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bawahnya paling segitu dan karena yang

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paling bawah itu molekulnya berikatan

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dengan molekul Solid yang tidak bergerak

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atau kecepatannya nol maka molekul ini

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juga memiliki kecepatan 0 namun disitu

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disebut now sleep

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condition

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gitu ya Nah inilah yang bisa

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dikonfigurasi oleh persamaan tersebut

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teman-teman perhatikan bahwa dari sini

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ke sini itu adalah persebaran

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cepatnya

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itu yang disebut Who Ate persebaran

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kecepatan molekul-molekul cairan

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berdasarkan

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ndak Woi jadi you ini adalah persebaran

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kecepatan molekul-molekul fluida di

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dalam lapisan film Friday ini

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seturut dengan koordinat W jadi you pada

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W = 0 atau di titik dimana koordinat wa

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ini berasal ku itu nol sedangkan titik

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di sini wae sekian dalam hal ini way

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adalah delta uh itu adalah V itu sendiri

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nah karena Delta ini kecil-kecil

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sekali ya file-nya mungkin submitter

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atau bahkan lebih kecil lagi maka kita

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bisa asumsikan bahwa

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persebaran kecepatan itu linear itu kan

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artinya garisnya lurus padahal mah

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sebenarnya di dunia nyata enggak begitu

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ya kan pasti bisa bengkok dan lain

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sebagainya Nah itu non-linear dan sangat

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kompleks tapi karena ini kuliah pertama

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kita simplifikasi dulu ya Jadi ini

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linear Nah inilah teman-teman yang

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disebut di you over Dewi jadi India

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lebih white tuh adalah kemiringan dari

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garis ini di wafer Dewi

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adalah perubahan di difference of you

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perubahan hiu terhadap perubahan wae

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jadi kemiringan dari

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diagram tersebut yang n itu bilang

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adalah bahwa apa yang kita masukkan

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kedalam sistem penyebab yaitu direktur

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selain gaya dan gaya yang menyebabkan

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stress itu menghasilkan

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Diwek ini adalah penyebab ini adalah

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yang disebabkan ini adalah apa yang kita

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masukkan ke dalam sistem ini adalah

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produknya

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relasi antara sebab dan

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penyebab-penyebab dengan akibat itu

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dienkapsulasi oleh persamaan tersebut

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jadi Miu itu adalah proporsional etik

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konstan antara syair stres dengan

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variasi UU terhadap W gitu Jadi ini bisa

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juga Dibilang

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Hai

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detik-detik

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Rey fwd forms berapa cepat sungai itu

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terdeformasi ketika diaplikasikan

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kepadanya gaya geser gitu juga bisa

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disebut Ya

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absolutist positif atau viskositas

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Absolute begitu nah ini adalah preambul

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ya Kuliah mekanika fluida yang tentu

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banyak sekali

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soal-soal engineering soal-soal praktis

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yang bisa diselesaikan dengan pemahaman

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yang benar akan its low viscosity di

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kulit kuliah Berikutnya saya coba

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berikan contoh-contoh singkat dimana

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teman-teman bisa mengaplikasikan ini

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untuk menyelesaikannya sehingga menambah

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pengertian tentang its low viscosity

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sampai bertemu di kelas berikutnya a

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Fluid MechanicsEngineeringEducationPhysicsAuto EngineeringViscosityShear StressPractical ExamplesMechanical PropertiesEducational ContentTechnical Learning