C_13 Operators in C - Part 1 | Unary , Binary and Ternary Operators in C | C programming Tutorials

Summary

This video lecture introduces operators in C programming, explaining their significance and classification. It distinguishes between unary, binary, and ternary operators with examples. The lecture covers arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, and assignment operators, and delves into the conditional (ternary) operator. The instructor also promotes an academy's course for CSIR NET exam preparation, offering a discount code for viewers.

Takeaways

• 📘 The lecture series is transitioning from discussing data types to operators in the C programming language.
• 🔍 The lecturer will provide detailed explanations of each operator, including examples and their outputs.
• 🏫 The lecture is sponsored by an academy that offers courses for the CSIR NET exam, covering the complete syllabus in multiple batches.
• 💻 The academy's life sciences batch starts on January 8th, with classes in Hindi and notes in English.
• 💰 A discount code (JKL10) is offered for a paid subscription to the academy's course.
• 🔢 An operator in C is defined as a symbol that directs the compiler to perform specific operations on data.
• 🔑 Operators can be classified based on the number of operands they require: unary (one), binary (two), and ternary (three).
• 🔄 Unary operators include the minus sign, increment/decrement, logical NOT, address-of, and sizeof operators.
• 🔄 Binary operators encompass arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, equality, and assignment operators.
• 🔄 Ternary operators are conditional, requiring three operands and using a question mark syntax for execution.
• 📚 The next video will delve into types of operators based on operations, promising an in-depth exploration of each type.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the lecture series?

The main focus of the lecture series is learning programming in C, specifically starting with operators in C after covering all the data types.

What will be covered in the lectures about operators?

The lectures will cover every type of operator in detail, with examples and programs showing how to use them, when to use them, and what output to expect.

What is the purpose of the operators in C?

Operators in C are used to manipulate variables or data, allowing mathematical or logical manipulations to be performed on the operands.

What is an expression in the context of C programming?

An expression is a sequence of operators and operands that gives a single value after processing.

What are the three categories of operators based on the number of operands?

The three categories of operators based on the number of operands are unary (one operand), binary (two operands), and ternary (three operands).

What is a unary operator and can you give an example?

A unary operator is an operator that requires only one operand. An example is the unary minus operator, which changes the sign of a number.

How does the increment operator work in both prefix and postfix forms?

The increment operator (++) can be used in prefix form (before the variable) or postfix form (after the variable). The prefix form increments the variable first, then returns the value, while the postfix form returns the value first, then increments the variable.

What is the logical NOT operator and what does it do?

The logical NOT operator (!) is used to reverse the logical state of its operand. It converts true to false and false to true.

What does the sizeof operator return and how is it used?

The sizeof operator returns the size in bytes of the operand or data type specified. It is used to find out the memory size of any data type or variable.

How is the ternary operator different from other operators?

The ternary operator is unique because it takes three operands and is also known as the conditional operator. It evaluates one of two expressions based on a condition.

What is the syntax for using the ternary operator?

The syntax for using the ternary operator is: condition ? expression_if_true : expression_if_false. It evaluates the expression_if_true if the condition is true, otherwise, it evaluates the expression_if_false.

Outlines

00:00

💻 Introduction to Operators in C Programming

The paragraph introduces the concept of operators in the C programming language. It discusses the transition from learning about data types to operators, emphasizing that operators are symbols that instruct the compiler to perform specific operations on data. The speaker outlines a plan to cover all types of operators in detail, providing examples and explaining their usage within programs. The lecture series is sponsored by an academy preparing for the CSIR NET exam, and a discount code is mentioned for those interested in enrolling. The video also touches on the basics of operators, explaining them as symbols for mathematical or logical manipulations, and introduces the concept of expressions formed by a sequence of operators and operands that yield a single value after processing.

05:01

🔧 Understanding Unary Operators in C

This paragraph delves into unary operators, which require only one operand. It explains the difference between unary and binary operators, using the minus sign as an example to illustrate how unary minus changes the sign of a value. The paragraph also covers increment and decrement operators, explaining their use in both prefix and postfix forms and how they affect the value of a variable. Logical NOT, address-of, and size-of operators are introduced, with examples provided to demonstrate their functionality. The explanation is designed to clarify how each unary operator manipulates a single operand to perform a specific task.

10:01

🔄 Exploring Binary Operators in C

The focus of this paragraph is on binary operators, which operate on two operands. It lists various binary operators, including arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, and assignment operators. The paragraph aims to provide an overview before diving into detailed explanations in subsequent videos. The emphasis is on how these operators are used to perform actions on pairs of operands, such as addition, subtraction, comparison, and logical operations. The paragraph sets the stage for a deeper exploration of each binary operator's functionality and usage in C programming.

15:02

📉 Discussing Ternary Operator and Wrapping Up

The final paragraph introduces the ternary operator, also known as the conditional operator, which requires three operands. It explains the syntax and usage of the ternary operator with examples, showing how it can be used to assign values based on a condition. The paragraph also hints at upcoming videos that will discuss operators based on operations and invites viewer feedback for a potential video on the ternary operator. The speaker concludes by summarizing the types of operators based on the number of operands and expresses a hope that viewers have understood the presented material, signaling the end of the current video.

Keywords

💡Operators

Operators are symbols that instruct the compiler or computer to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations on data. In the context of the video, operators are fundamental to programming in C, where they are used to manipulate variables or data. The script explains that operators can be classified based on the number of operands they work with, such as unary, binary, and ternary operators.

💡Unary Operators

Unary operators are those that take a single operand. The video script uses examples like the unary minus operator, which changes the sign of a number, and increment/decrement operators, which increase or decrease a variable's value by one. These are crucial for performing simple manipulations on variables in C programming.

💡Binary Operators

Binary operators require two operands and include arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators. The script mentions that these operators perform operations like addition, subtraction, and comparison. They are essential for creating expressions that result in a single value after processing.

💡Ternary Operator

The ternary operator is unique as it takes three operands and is also known as the conditional operator. It is used for conditional expressions, where the result depends on a condition being true or false. The script provides an example where the value of 'x' is set to 'a' if 'a' is less than 'b', otherwise, it is set to 'b'.

💡Operands

Operands are the values or variables on which operators act. The script explains that operators are classified based on the number of operands they use, such as unary (one operand), binary (two operands), and ternary (three operands). Understanding operands is key to grasping how expressions are formed and evaluated in C programming.

💡Expressions

Expressions are sequences of operators and operands that yield a single value after evaluation. The video script gives an example of an expression 'a = 5 + 5', where '5' and '5' are operands, '+' is an operator, and 'a' is a variable that stores the result of the expression after processing.

💡Increment and Decrement

Increment (++) and decrement (--) operators are unary operators that increase or decrease a variable's value by one. The script distinguishes between prefix and postfix usage, showing how the value of a variable 'x' changes depending on whether the increment/decrement operator is used before or after the variable in an expression.

💡Logical NOT

The logical NOT operator is a unary operator that inverts the truth value of its operand. If the operand is true, it returns false; if false, it returns true. The script uses this operator in conditional statements to demonstrate how it can reverse the outcome of a comparison.

💡Address Of

The address-of operator (&) is used to obtain the memory address of an operand. While the script does not provide an explicit example, it mentions that this operator is used with pointers and functions like 'scanf', which require the memory address to store or access data.

💡Size Of

The sizeof operator is used to determine the size in bytes of a data type or variable. The script explains that it can be used with data types like 'int' or 'float' to understand how much memory they occupy, or with variables to find out their size in memory.

💡Conditional Expression

A conditional expression is formed using the ternary operator to make a decision based on a condition. The script illustrates this with an example where the value of 'x' depends on whether 'a' is less than 'b'. This concept is central to the video's explanation of the ternary operator and its application in C programming.

Highlights

The lecture series transitions from discussing data types to operators in C programming.

Every operator in C will be discussed in detail with examples and programs.

Operators are symbols that tell the compiler what operation to perform on data.

Operators can be classified based on the number of operands they use.

Unary operators require only one operand, such as the unary minus and increment/decrement operators.

The unary minus operator changes the sign of a number, while the binary minus operator performs subtraction.

Increment and decrement operators can be used as prefix or postfix, affecting the result.

The logical NOT operator inverts the truth value of an operand.

The address-of operator retrieves the memory address of an operand.

The sizeof operator returns the size in bytes of a data type or variable.

Binary operators use two operands and include arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators.

The ternary operator is a conditional operator that requires three operands.

The ternary operator is used to form conditional expressions, similar to if-else statements.

An example of the ternary operator is provided, demonstrating its usage with variables a and b.

The next video will discuss types of operators based on operations.

The lecture is sponsored by an academy preparing for the CSIR NET exam, offering a comprehensive course with a discount code.

The academy's course covers the entire syllabus for the CSIR NET June 2021 exam, starting from January 8th.

Transcripts

in the series of learning programming in

c in previous lecture i have discussed

character data type means we are done

with all the data types we have

discussed all data types

now from this lecture i am going to

start operators in c we will be

discussing every operator every type of

operator in detail

with proper examples or you can say with

programs like i'll show you how to use

that operator when to use that operator

and

in programs i'll show you and what you

will get output

right what output you will get if you

are using that operator

so in this video i'm going to start with

basics like what is operator and um

how to classify operators means

operators can be classified into

you know based on two categories like

based on operations and based on

uh that operands so that thing i am

going to discuss in this video

and this video is brought to you by an

academy on an academy multiple batches

are going on for

csir ugc net june 2021

so if you are planning to prepare if you

are planning to appear for csir net exam

in june 2021

you can go for it they are going to

cover the complete syllabus

and one batch is going to be started

from 8th of january

that is for life sciences in this batch

their best faculties will cover the

entire syllabus

for life sciences for csir net june 2021

exam

and this batch the classes in dispatch

classes would be conducted in hindi

and they'll also provide you notes and

the content they'll provide the notes

they'll provide you in

english language right and this is you

can say the paid subscription because

they are going to cover the entire

syllabus you will get

complete course a structured course and

if you use the code jkl10 you will get

10 discount on your paid subscription

so if you are interested you can go for

it all the details and the link

as well as the referral code i'll put in

the description box of this video

you can go and check out you just have

to download an academy app and you have

to

get the subscription of that course

right now let us discuss

what are operators see operator is it's

you can say just a symbol

which tells the compiler or which tells

the computer

which operation has to perform on the

data or you can say

which tells the computer which

mathematical

or you can say logical manipulation is

to be done

like many operators are there plus minus

divide

logical and logical or relational

operators many operators are there

so let us take this example this is what

an operator it is a symbol

so it is going to tell the compiler that

it has to perform

plus operation plus operation means if

you will give the value 1

and 2 then output would be 3 and if you

write here minus it means compiler will

come to know that it has to perform

minus

that minus operation or based on these

data given this data is what this is

what

operands this is what operator now you

can say

operator is what operators are basically

used to

manipulate you can say variables or data

in c language i'm going to discuss all

the operators in the context of c

language only right

and with the help of operators variables

and constant or you can say with the

help of operators and operands in

expression is to be formed so you can

say what

expression is a sequence of operators

and operands

which gives a single value after

processing suppose i am taking like this

a is equal to 5 plus

5 so this is what an expression

here 5 5 these are what operands

plus and equal to this is operator a is

what

variable and after processing it will

give

single value so after processing it will

give what 10 that would be assigned to

this variable so this is what an

expression right now

types of operators types of operators

based on operands and types of operators

based on operations

two categories are there so here i am

going to discuss types of operators

based on

operands number of operands so there are

three categories

three types unity next one is binary and

ternary operator

unary means only one operand is there

binary means two operands ten array

means three operands

now what are these unary operators

this is unary minus see this minus is

different

from binary minus here also we have plus

minus that is minus

this is unity minus this is binary what

is the difference that is we will see

also this is unity minus unary minus

increment decrement operator

logical not operator this is logical not

this is

address of operator and this is size of

operator

so these operators required only one

operand

only one operand now what is this unary

minus it is going to change

the value means if positive value then

it is going to change that value to

negative

if negative then positive suppose i am

writing here

uh like in a and b

and i am taking a is equal to if you

write like this

a value 5 b value 10 and c is equal to a

plus b but here

we have used unity minus operator it

means the value of this is not 10 this

is minus 10 and this is what 5 so output

would be minus 5

right and if you write like this a is

equal to suppose i am writing here minus

b

b is what 10 but this is preceded by

minus sign unary minus so that that is

minus 10 and this value would be

assigned

to variable a now a will becomes minus

10

so this is different from that binary

minus operator

right next is increment and decrement

operator

this increment and decrement operator we

can use in two

ah types in two cases prefix and

postfix suppose i am writing here x

plus plus or plus plus

x so this is what this is also increment

operator this is increment operator

but here this is postfix and this is

prefix because i am writing this one

after variable means post

before variable means pre

and the result is also different it's

not like that this will give save this

and this will give same result see

if you are writing here this one x plus

plus and suppose here i am writing

see x plus plus means here x plus

1 x is equal to x plus 1 right

now this is what after this variable

means postfix

so the value of this x would be altered

after the execution of this line y is 10

here

space would be allocated to y 10 one

variable is x

memory allocation 11 would be stored

here now i am writing y is equal to x

plus plus so now in y what would be

store

you will say x plus plus means 11 plus 1

12 would be stored here

no but here 11 would be stored because

this is post

first value see you can say right after

equal to we have x

x value is 11 11 would be stored here

and plus plus s

after this variable so after execution

of this statement

now x value will be 12

but y is 11 so output of y is 11 now

output of this is 12

i hope you got my point and if you write

here

plus plus x here

the value of x would be altered before

execution of this line

now here here x becomes 11 is equal to

12

and here it will be stored 12

right here also we have now plus plus x

means x is also updated that is

12 now y value would be 12 and x value

would be

12. because here plus plus is before

this

x so first of all x would be incremented

that would be stored in y right so that

is why

the y output is 12 and same

minus minus is what minus minus means

minus minus x x minus minus this is pre

this is post

it means also x uh what x minus 1 and x

minus

1 right same rule will be applied

in minus minus also as in plus plus

right now we'll be discussing these

operators in detail

one by one in separate video this is

just an overview i hope you got my point

what is plus plus and

what is minus minus here plus plus it is

taking only one operand that is why it

is unary operator

this is also taking only one operand

only x

right next is logical not

it is it is going to convert true value

into force and false value into true

it is going to i know reserve this

logical state of any operand

now suppose if i am writing here

suppose this condition and x and y value

are this one

so x is 11 greater than y

10 11 is greater than 10 this is true

but you have used logical not

it means it will return false

right now if suppose i am writing here

y greater than x so here

y is equal to 10 greater than x 11

is 10 greater than 11 no so this

expression will give what

false value but you have use logical not

that is why it will give true

i hope you got why this logical not what

does that mean right next is address of

operator it is going to retrieve

the receive or you can say fetch the

address of any operand from memory

this operand we will use in scanner

function we generally use or when we

will use pointers

at that time this operator we are going

to use

next is sizeof will give you can say

size of whatever value

you you are given here whatever data

type suppose you are giving a data type

here

size of int

and if you want to print this one so it

will give 2 bytes or maybe 4 bytes

size of float it will give 4 bytes it

will give

size and bytes memory size in bytes so

it is used to find out the size of any

data type

or it is also you can also use it with a

variable also here you can also write

any variable

if you are writing here like suppose int

a

and you can find out size of a that will

give

a is what type is what integer so it

will give size

2 bytes right so all these operators

we are using with only single operand

that is why these are known as

unary operators next is binary operators

here we are going to use two operands

like in plus minus divide

many type of binary operators are there

just let me just write down the list

here

so these are some binary operators we

are going to perform these operators on

two operands

arithmetic all the plus minus divide

into and that modulo relational less

than equal to less than equal to greater

than equal to logical and logical or

bitwise operator bitwise end bitwise or

left shift right shift bitwise xor and

bitwise negation

equality operator also and not equal

operator also this you can include in

relational also if you are not

specifying it uh separately

comma operator assignment operator also

so all these operators one by one we are

going to discuss in detail

in separate videos because this video

would be lengthy if i am going to

discuss

these operators right next is what

ternary operator

ternary means it requires three operands

it is also known as conditional operator

so here

we are using this question mark and

these columns now how the syntax of

using ternary operator is what

here we are writing some expression

expression means you can say sequence of

operands and operators

that after processing give a single

result so

if expression after the processing of

expression 1

if expression 1 is true first

first would be what condition first

expression should be a condition here

that is a rule

so now if this expression one if this

condition is true

then this one

this expression would be evaluated and

it will give you result

whatever result you will get after

evaluating expression 2 that would be

output

if expression 1 is false then

control will go in expression 3 this

expression would be evaluated and

it will give you the result let us take

one example

uh if i am writing here this is suppose

an example a value is 10 b value is 15

so now this is expression 1

this is second this is third first of

all this expression would be evaluated

some rules are for this for some rules

are there the first expression must be a

condition

second rule is either this expression 2

or this

only one either this or this would be

evaluated

based on the value of expression one

it is not that both would be evaluated

only one

and this must be a condition so here a

is ten and b is fifteen

ten greater than 15 is it true or false

it is false

so now this expression control will go

here

at b now b value is what 15 so in x what

value would be store

15 if you will print printf this x then

15 would be the output

right and suppose if you write here a

less than b

now is it true yes it is true now

the control will go to a this expression

would be evaluated here we do not have

any expression we just have any of an

operand that is a value is 10

so now 10 would be assigned to x and

output would be 10. so this is what

ternary operator or you can say

condition

you can use a ternary operator to form a

conditional expression

and you can use this one conditional

expression conditional operator

in place of effects

because if else also you can convert it

into if

if else this statement if

a less than b you can

say x is equal to a

and else

x is equal to b that's it

if a is less than b means if this is

true

then a value would be assigned same if

this is true then

a is going to be performed and

if this is false then control will go

here and this expression is going to be

evaluated

same here meaning of this and if else

statement is same so you can use

this conditional operator this statement

rather than if else if else we will we

are going to discuss

in later videos in detail right so

that's it about types of operator based

on operands

uh i hope you go to all these operators

if you want me to make a separate video

on the stunner operator in more detail

then you can tell me in the comment box

so in next video i'm going to discuss

types of operator based on

operations so now i'll see you in the

next video till then bye bye take care