Enlightenment Period in Philippine Literature| English & Tagalog| Literature Unfolded| JC Archives

Summary

The video script discusses the Enlightenment period in Philippine literature, a time of awakening from 1872 to 1898. It spotlights the role of literature in challenging Spanish colonial rule and fostering national identity. Key figures like the Gomburza priests, ilustrados, and Dr. Jose Rizal are highlighted for their influential works that inspired Filipino nationalism and the push for independence. The script differentiates between the reformist Propaganda Movement and the revolutionary Katipunan, emphasizing the period's significant impact on Philippine history.

Takeaways

• 📚 The period of enlightenment in Philippine literature is recognized as a time of awakening and is dated from 1872 to 1898.
• 💡 This era was marked by the use of literature to challenge Spanish colonial rule and to advocate for the rights and freedom of Filipinos.
• 🔥 The Gomburza, consisting of Filipino priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, were martyred and became symbols of resistance against Spanish rule.
• 🖋 The ilustrados, a group of educated Filipino intellectuals, began to write about colonization and social injustices, promoting reforms and a sense of national pride.
• 📰 The Propaganda Movement, led by the ilustrados, aimed to achieve reforms and nationalism through intellectual efforts, using La Solidaridad as their main platform.
• 📖 Key objectives of the Propaganda Movement included equal treatment under the law, restoring Filipino representation, filipinizing the parishes, and granting freedom of speech.
• 📜 The difference between the Propaganda Movement and Katipunan was that the former sought to reform the Spanish colonial system while the latter aimed for complete independence.
• 👨‍🎓 Dr. Jose Rizal was a key figure of the enlightenment period, known for his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which criticized Spanish colonial governance.
• 📝 Marcelo H. del Pilar, another prominent figure, established the newspaper Diario de Manila and was known for his essays promoting patriotism and refuting false information about Filipinos.
• 📑 Graciano Lopez Jaena was instrumental in the Propaganda Movement, establishing the newspaper La Solidaridad, and his works often criticized the corruption of the church and colonial government.
• 📜 Mariano Ponce was a significant figure as the Editor in Chief, biographer, and researcher of the Propaganda Movement, known for his collection of Bulacan legends and stories.
• 💊 Antonio Luna, a pharmacist by profession, contributed to the enlightenment through his critical reviews and essays on the social and political state of the Philippines under Spanish rule.

Q & A

What is the period of enlightenment in Philippine literature?

The period of enlightenment in Philippine literature is generally considered to be during the late 18th century, particularly from 1872 to 1898. It is known for using literature to challenge Spanish colonial rule and advocate for the rights and freedom of the Filipino people, leading to revolution and the pursuit of independence.

What is the significance of the Gomburza?

The Gomburza refers to the three Filipino priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, who were executed by the Spanish colonial government on February 17, 1872. Their death as martyrs became a symbol of resistance against the oppressive Spanish rulers and greatly influenced the nationalist movement in the Philippines.

Who were the Ilustrados and what was their role in the enlightenment period?

The Ilustrados were a group of Filipino intellectuals from the middle to upper class of society, often educated in Europe. They began to write about colonization, social injustices, and promoted reforms, inspiring a collective consciousness and pride among Filipinos, contributing to the rise of a nationalist movement and the push for independence.

What was the Propaganda Movement and its objectives?

The Propaganda Movement was led by the Ilustrados and aimed to promote ideas of reform, equal rights, and nationalism. Its objectives were to achieve equal treatment under the law, restore Filipino representation, filipinize the parishes, and give Filipinos freedom of speech. La Solidaridad was used as the main platform for their ideas.

How does the Propaganda Movement differ from the Katipunan?

The Propaganda Movement aimed to reform the Spanish colonial system in the Philippines for the benefit of native Filipinos, advocating for change through intellectual efforts such as writings and newspapers. In contrast, the Katipunan, led by Andres Bonifacio, sought for the Philippines to become a free nation through armed and bloody revolution, with no more political domination.

Who is Dr. Jose Rizal and what are some of his notable works?

Dr. Jose Rizal was a Filipino nationalist and polymath born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna. He is known for his novels 'Noli Me Tangere' and 'El Filibusterismo', which criticized Spanish colonial government and societal inequalities in the Philippines. 'Ultimo Adios' is a poem he wrote before his execution on December 30, 1896, expressing his final message of hope for Philippine freedom.

What is Marcelo H. del Pilar known for?

Marcelo H. del Pilar was a Filipino propagandist and journalist born on August 30, 1850. He is known for establishing the newspaper 'Diyaryo ng Tagalog' in 1882 and using pen names such as Claridel, P.P.D.O., Piping Dilat, and Dolores Manapat. His notable works include 'Ang Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa', advocating love for one's country, and 'Kaingat kayo', a message to Padre Rodriguez, refuting misinformation spread by priests about Filipinos and their fight for reform.

What contributions did Graciano Lopez Jaena make to Philippine literature?

Graciano Lopez Jaena, born on December 18, 1856, in Iloilo, established the newspaper 'La Solidaridad'. He wrote 100 speeches published in Manila and is known for works like 'Fray Botod', portraying a hypocritical and corrupt church leader, and 'La Adela del Fraile', highlighting secret relationships between priests and women, and 'Everything is a Lie', exposing the deceit and oppression under Spanish colonial rule.

Who was Mariano Ponce and what are some of his notable works?

Mariano Ponce was born on March 22, 1863, in Baliuag, Bulacan. He served as the Editor-in-Chief, biographer, and researcher of the Propaganda Movement, using pen names like Vertek, Balang Kalipulako, and Nanin. His notable works include 'Mga Alamat ng Bulacan', a collection of traditional beliefs and superstitions from Bulacan, and 'Pagpugot kay Longinos', about a Roman Centurion who became a martyr to show bravery and sacrifice for principles.

What is Antonio Luna known for in the context of the enlightenment period?

Antonio Luna was born on October 29, 1866, in Binondo, Manila. He was a pharmacist and used the pen name Tagailog. His notable works include 'Noli Buena', a critical review of the condition of Filipinos under Spanish colonial rule using the theme of Christmas, and 'Sa Madrid Naman', an essay about the social, political, and cultural aspects of life in Madrid, contrasting it with the Philippines.