Cavite Mutiny | Readings in The Philippine History

Summary

The video script delves into the Cavite Mutiny of 1872, a pivotal event in Philippine history that catalyzed the 1898 revolution. It presents contrasting Spanish and Filipino narratives, highlighting key figures like the Gomborza Fathers. The discussion aims to develop critical thinking through primary sources, exploring the mutiny's causes, including the draconian policies of Governor Escuero and the role of the native clergy. The script also examines various accounts, from Spanish historians to Filipino scholars, to provide a multifaceted understanding of this significant uprising.

Takeaways

• 📜 The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 is considered a catalyst for the 1898 Philippine Revolution, suggesting that without it, the revolution might not have occurred.
• 🗣️ There are two major narratives of the Cavite Mutiny: the Spanish version, which views it as a premeditated conspiracy, and the Filipino version, which sees it as a response to the oppressive policies of Governor General Rafael Izquierdo.
• 👥 Key figures in the mutiny include the Gomborza Fathers (Father Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora), who were executed and are considered martyrs.
• 🏛️ The Spanish narrative claims that the mutiny was planned by educated Filipinos and aimed to overthrow the Spanish government, while the Filipino narrative attributes it to dissatisfaction with Izquierdo's policies, such as the abolition of privileges and prohibition of education.
• 🔪 The Gomborza Fathers were accused of being masterminds of the mutiny and were publicly executed, serving as a deterrent to future uprisings.
• 👦 It is mentioned that the young Jose Rizal, a significant figure in Philippine history, may have witnessed the execution of the Gomborza Fathers.
• 📚 The discussion aims to develop critical and analytical skills by analyzing primary sources and understanding their contribution to Philippine history.
• 📝 Different accounts of the mutiny, such as those by Spanish historian Montero, French resident Edmundo de las Pueblas, and Filipino scholar Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, provide varying perspectives on the event.
• 🤔 The mutiny raises questions about the role of the native clergy and their possible involvement in supporting the rebels against Spanish rule.
• 📑 Unpublished documents by Father Agupiña and Father Antonio Perinavia suggest that there may have been a plot to implicate the Gomborza Fathers in sedition.
• 📖 The script encourages the importance of documenting events through journals and diaries to contribute to historical understanding for future generations.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the presentation in the script?

The main topic of the presentation is the Cavite Mutiny of 1872, also known as the Cavite Mutiny, and its significance in Philippine history.

Why is the Cavite Mutiny considered a catalyst for the 1898 Philippine Revolution?

The Cavite Mutiny is considered a catalyst for the 1898 Philippine Revolution because it is believed that without the mutiny, there might not have been the 1896 Philippine Revolution.

What were the two major events in 1872 mentioned in the script?

The two major events in 1872 mentioned in the script are the Cavite Mutiny and the martyrdom of the three priests, known as the Gomborza Fathers.

What are the two versions of the Cavite Mutiny event as described in the script?

The two versions of the Cavite Mutiny event are the Spanish version, which views it as a premeditated conspiracy, and the Filipino version, which sees it as a mutiny by Filipino soldiers and laborers due to dissatisfaction with policies.

What were the alleged reasons for the mutiny according to the Spanish version?

According to the Spanish version, the mutiny was planned by educated leaders, mestizos, lawyers, and residents of Manila and Cavite with the aim to liquidate high-ranking Spanish officers and kill friars.

What were the reasons for the mutiny according to the Filipino version?

In the Filipino version, the mutiny was caused by dissatisfaction among Filipino soldiers and laborers due to the draconian policies of Governor General Rafael Izquierdo, such as the abolition of privileges and prohibition of founding schools of arts and trades.

What happened to the participants of the Cavite Mutiny on January 20, 1872?

On January 20, 1872, the Cavite Mutiny was unsuccessful, and many participants were executed by government soldiers, including the Gomborza Fathers.

Why were the Gomborza Fathers considered as masterminds of the mutiny?

The Spanish clergy connected the Gomborza Fathers to the mutiny as part of a conspiracy to stifle the movement of secular priests who desired to have their own parishes instead of being assistance to the regular clergy.

What is the significance of the accounts of individuals mentioned in the script?

The accounts of individuals provide first-hand and second-hand perspectives on the Cavite Mutiny, contributing to a deeper understanding of the event and its impact on Philippine history.

How does the script suggest the importance of documenting historical events?

The script suggests that documenting historical events through journals, diaries, and other written documents is important for future generations to understand their past and learn from it.

What is the script's final message regarding the Cavite Mutiny and its lessons for the future?

The script's final message is that the Cavite Mutiny and its accounts inspire not to be afraid to make a voice against any injustice and to contribute to the country's historical documents for a better understanding of the past.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Introduction to the Cavite Mutiny of 1872

The video script begins with an introduction to the group members and the topic of the presentation, the Cavite Mutiny, also known as 'Ampaga'. The mutiny is considered a precursor to the Philippine Revolution of 1896. The script outlines the educational goals of the presentation, which include analyzing primary sources, understanding their contribution to Philippine history, and developing critical thinking skills. The main event discussed is the Cavite Mutiny of 1872, alongside the martyrdom of the three priests, and the two contrasting narratives of the event—the Spanish and Filipino versions.

05:01

🗝️ The Controversy of the Cavite Mutiny

This paragraph delves into the details of the Cavite Mutiny, highlighting the two versions of the story. The Spanish perspective views the mutiny as a premeditated conspiracy by educated Filipinos, while the Filipino version sees it as a response to the oppressive policies of Governor Rafael Izquierdo. The paragraph also discusses the execution of the mutiny's participants, including the 'Gomborza Fathers', and the impact of their deaths on Filipino resistance against Spanish rule. It mentions various accounts from Spanish historian Montero, French resident Edmundo de las Munos, and Filipino scholar Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, each providing different perspectives on the causes and consequences of the mutiny.

10:02

📚 Diverse Accounts of the Cavite Mutiny

The final paragraph presents a variety of first and second-hand accounts of the Cavite Mutiny. It includes the perspectives of Father Agupiña, Coletto, and Father Antonio Perinavia, who were prisoners of the revolutionaries in 1896. Their documents reveal alleged crimes and abuses by the friars, leading up to the mutiny. The paragraph also discusses the credibility of these accounts, suggesting that some may have been influenced by personal biases or political motivations. The video concludes by emphasizing the importance of documenting historical events through journals and diaries for future generations to understand their past and to inspire action against injustice.

Keywords

💡Cavite Mutiny

The Cavite Mutiny refers to a significant historical event that took place in 1872 in the Cavite province of the Philippines. It was an uprising by Filipino soldiers and laborers against Spanish colonial rule, driven by dissatisfaction with the oppressive policies of Governor Rafael Izquierdo. The mutiny is considered a precursor to the Philippine Revolution of 1896. In the script, the Cavite Mutiny is central to the discussion, with various accounts and perspectives presented to understand its context and implications on Philippine history.

💡Gomborza Fathers

The Gomborza Fathers, or the Martyrs of Cavite, were three Filipino priests—Marianó Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora—who were implicated in the Cavite Mutiny and subsequently executed. They are significant figures in Philippine history as their martyrdom became a rallying point for the nationalist movement. The script mentions them as being tagged as the masterminds of the mutiny by the Spanish authorities, which was used as a pretext for their execution.

💡Primary Sources

Primary sources are original documents, records, or artifacts that provide firsthand or direct evidence of an event, period, or phenomenon. In the context of the video, primary sources are emphasized as crucial for understanding the historical context and perspectives of the Cavite Mutiny. The script encourages learners to analyze these sources to develop critical and analytical skills, which is essential for a nuanced understanding of Philippine history.

💡Secular Clergy

Secular clergy refers to priests who do not belong to a religious order and typically serve in parishes. In the script, the secular clergy is mentioned in the context of the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, where there was tension between the Spanish friars and the secular clergy. The latter group was seen as supporting the nationalist movement and was implicated in the Cavite Mutiny by the Spanish authorities.

💡Propaganda

Propaganda is information, often biased or misleading, used to promote a political cause or point of view. In the script, propaganda is discussed as a factor that influenced the events leading to the Cavite Mutiny. It is mentioned that democratic, liberal, and republican ideas from abroad reached the Philippines and fueled discontent among the populace, contributing to the mutiny.

💡Revolution

A revolution is a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system. The script refers to the Cavite Mutiny as a catalyst for the 1898 Philippine Revolution, which ultimately led to the end of Spanish colonial rule. The term is used to describe the broader movement for independence and change in the Philippines.

💡Draconian Policies

Draconian policies refer to harsh and oppressive measures. In the script, the term is used to describe the policies of Governor Rafael Izquierdo, which included the abolition of privileges for Filipino soldiers and laborers and the imposition of forced labor. These policies are cited as a primary cause of the discontent that led to the mutiny.

💡Mestizos

Mestizos are individuals of mixed European and indigenous ancestry. In the context of the script, mestizos are mentioned as part of the educated elite in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. They are implicated in the Spanish version of the mutiny as being part of a conspiracy against Spanish rule.

💡Nationalism

Nationalism is a political ideology that involves a strong identification with one's country and the belief in its inherent sovereignty. The script discusses how the events surrounding the Cavite Mutiny contributed to the rise of nationalism in the Philippines. The mutiny and the subsequent execution of the Gomborza Fathers are seen as events that galvanized the Filipino people to seek independence.

💡Historiography

Historiography is the study of the methods used by historians in researching, analyzing, and writing history. The script touches on historiography by presenting different versions of the Cavite Mutiny—the Spanish version and the Filipino version—and discussing how these accounts shape the understanding of the event. It highlights the importance of analyzing primary sources to critically assess these different narratives.

💡Jose Rizal

Jose Rizal is a prominent figure in Philippine history, known as a national hero and a leading proponent of the Philippine independence movement. The script mentions Rizal as a young witness to the execution of the Gomborza Fathers, an event that likely influenced his later writings and activism. Rizal's presence in the narrative serves to underscore the significance of the Cavite Mutiny in the broader struggle for Philippine independence.

Highlights

Introduction of the group members and the purpose of their report on the Cavite Mutiny.

The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 is considered a catalyst for the 1898 Philippine Revolution.

Two major events in 1872: the Cavite Mutiny and the martyrdom of the three priests.

The existence of two versions of the Cavite Mutiny: the Spanish version and the Filipino version.

The Spanish version claims a premeditated conspiracy among educated Filipinos.

The Filipino version views the incident as a mutiny by soldiers and laborers due to dissatisfaction with policies.

The unsuccessful Cavite Mutiny led to the execution of many participants, including the Gomborza Fathers.

The Gomborza Fathers were accused of being masterminds of the mutiny.

The execution of the Gomborza Fathers served as a warning to Filipinos against fighting the Spanish.

The mutiny's connection to the secular clergy's desire for independence from the regular clergy.

Accounts of the mutiny from various individuals, including a Spanish historian and a French resident.

Edmund Plushit's account, which confirmed the event's occurrence due to Governor Rafael Izquierdo's policies.

Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera's research on the Filipino version of the mutiny.

Tavera's belief that the Spanish government used the mutiny to discredit the secular clergy.

Unpublished documents by Father Agupita Chigoyan and Father Antonio Perinavia detailing alleged crimes of the friars.

The importance of first-hand and second-hand accounts in understanding the context and perspective of historical events.

The call to develop critical and analytical skills through exposure to primary sources.

The encouragement to document events through journals and diaries for future generations.

The closing message emphasizing the value of learning about the Cavite Mutiny and its impact on understanding history.

Transcripts

[Music]

hoping you are having a good day

i would not make this introduction any

longer and i would like to introduce you

all to our group and the group members

we are

and the group members are elisa g

budiongan

carmel patra

[Music]

[Music]

and last but not the least

vanilla del sol

before we start our report let us first

have our prayer and have the presence of

our almighty to bless our day

our presentation for today will be

tackling about cavite mutiny or ampaga

and some of the first-hand and

second-hand accounts that proved that

the event kavita mutiny happened

at the end of this discussion

the learners should be able to

analyze the context content and

perspective of different kinds of

primary sources

determine the contribution of different

kinds of primary sources

in understanding philippine history

develop critical and analytical skills

with exposure to primary sources

and

demonstrate the ability to formulate

arguments in favor or against a

particular issue using primary sources

let us now proceed to the discussion

many historians said that the cavite

mutiny of 1872 is one of the catalysts

of the momentous 1898 revolution

it is said that there will be no 1896 or

philippine revolution if there was no

1872 cavite mutiny

so what happened on year 1872

what was the cavite mutiny there are two

major happenings on year 1872

the cavite mutiny

and the martyrdom of the three priests

in the presence of

father mariano gomez

jose borgos

and hasinto zamura

or the gomborza fathers

so

kaviti mithini was known as

one past but many histories

this is primarily because of the two

versions

of the event the spanish version and the

filipino version the spanish version

believed that the cavite mutiny was

premeditated and a big conspiracy among

educated leaders

mestizos

lawyers

and residents of manila and cavite

they allegedly plan to liquidate

high-ranking spanish officers

then kill friars

however

in filipino version

the incident was merely a mutiny by

filipino soldiers and laborers of the

cavity arsenal to the dissatisfaction

arising from the draconian policies of

escuerdo such as the abolition of

privileges

and prohibition of the founding of the

school of arts and trades

whatever happened back then

even having two versions

one thing was for sure

the january 20 1872 cavite mutiny was

unsuccessful

and government soldiers executed many of

the participants this includes the

gumborza fathers

this is because the three martyred

priests was tagged as the masterminds of

the mutiny in cavite the spanish clergy

connected the priests to the mutiny as

part of the conspiracy to stifle the

movement of secular priests who desired

to have their own parishes instead of

being assistance to the regular firearms

they were sentenced

put into trials

and garroted

publicly on february 17 1872 the

execution was served as a threat to

filipinos to never attempt to fight the

spaniards again also

the scene was purportedly witness

by a young jose rizal now that you

understand the 1872 major events

especially the cavity mutiny

we would like to mention or discuss to

you the accounts of some individuals

that contributed

their experiences or understandings to

the mutiny of year 1872 in cavite

[Music]

a prolific spanish historian documented

the event and highlighted it as an

attempt of the angels to over to the

spanish government in the philippines

montero squared out that the abolition

of privileges enjoyed british workers of

cavity arsenal such as nonpayment of

tributes an exemption from the forest

labor were the main reasons of

revolution as how they called it however

other causes were enumerated by them

including the spanish revolution which

over to the secular throne dirty

propagandas and proliferated by

unrestrained press democratic liberal

and republican books and pamphlets

reaching the philippines and the most

importantly the presence of the native

clergy

who out of animosity against the spanish

friars conspired and supported the

rebels and enemies of spain briefly his

account embodies the official

interpretation of the mutiny and cavity

as part of the general revolt directed

by the three press underlay and clerical

colleagues in manila and committed

having as its aim and destination of the

governor general and the general

massacre of all spaniards

edmund plushit a frenchman residing in

manila at the time of the revolt gives a

dispassionate account of the event and

its causes in an article published in

the french literary magazine revenue

this damn mundus in 1877.

his account indignantly or sarcastically

denied various allegations of monteros

but complemented tavares account by

confirming that the event happened due

to governor general rafael escuero

egocera's exacting of personal taxes

from the soldiers and workers as well as

his imposition of forced labor and then

which results to the discontentment of

workers and soldiers in cavity fourth

on 20th of january 1872 the day of the

mutiny the workers received their

salaries and were surprised and injured

at the same time due to the deductions

of trip but

and payments in lieu of forced labor

from their salaries they started the

mutiny right away but it was crushed as

soon as it started because of a lack of

coordination between the mutiners

his account also implied the incense of

the three press as to any part of the

mutiny dr trinidad hermenegildo pardo de

tavera

is the filipino scholar and the

researcher who wrote the filipino

version of the bt bloodbath accounts of

was written for the official report of

the census of

1903 as part of the general survey of

philippine history

so there is also an incident probability

that trinidad have had data knowledge of

the

1872 event because of his uncle

joaquin pardo de tavera

but there is a little evidence shown in

his account

so according to him the incident was

merely a mutiny by native filipino

soldier and laborers at the cavity

arsenal who were dissatisfied with the

loss of their privileges so tabara and

directly blame governor is there those

cold-blooded policies

the vera believed that the spanish

friars and scardo used the cavity mutiny

as a powerful liver to wear to overthrow

the spanish government in the

philippines tavera confirmed that the

madrid government came to believe that

the scheme as a true without making any

attempt to

investigate the true facts or the scope

of the ally revolution reported by the

skurdu and the priors another secondhand

accounts are the two documents which

remains unpublished the two documents

were written by father agupita chigoyan

are coletto along with father antonio

perinavia was an augustinian both of

them were taking prisoners by

revolutionary forces in cavite in 1896

both of their documents admits to the

condems a variety of crimes and abuses

allegedly committed to the friars

beginning with a perk just prior to the

cavity mutiny there comes both a green

attribute in the execution of the three

priests

to fire intrigues father gabrity

chugoyan returned to the philippines a

few months later claiming that this

account was given to him by a fellow

friar

father cypriano navarro

the account of richikuyan claimed that

the heads of the forest orders me to

discuss how to get rid of the burgers

and other native clergy leader and they

decided to implicate them in a seditious

plot father antonio perinovia's account

on the other hand attributes the deeds

of father claudio del arcello whom he

does not identify further but who was a

recollect of paris priest in santa cruz

zambales

according to him father claudio del

arcello disguised as father burgos went

to cavity to spread the idea of the

pricing brittany was put down put

pressure in the governor general through

his secretary and the lady with a lot of

cloth as well as a gift of 40 000 pesos

[Music]

the first and second-hand accounts

complemented and corroborated with one

another only the design account was more

credible and evident

even having with two versions of the

cavity mutiny these events are used as a

sources of information to know more

about our history

and inspired us to be not afraid in

making a voice to any instrument an

injustice app that will be done to our

countrymen and country

this also inspires us to make our own

written documents of any events such as

journals and diaries for it will

contribute to the next generations

maybe to your grandchildren and so on

able to deeply understand

their past we will never know that might

be happened and may be called contribute

to our country's historical documents

hope you have learned

about cavity mutiny

signing off bye