Internet ha più di 30 anni, ma quasi 3 miliardi di persone non usano il World Wide Web

Geopop

17 Aug 202208:06

Summary

TLDRThe video script discusses the history and current state of the internet, highlighting that as of 2021, nearly 3 billion people, or 37.5% of the global population, have not used the internet. It delves into the creation of ARPANET in the 1960s and the development of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee. The script also touches on the growth of internet usage, with significant disparities across different regions. It explains the structure of the web,区分 surface, deep, and dark web, and their respective uses and implications, including the potential for both privacy and criminal activity in the dark web.

Takeaways

💻 Nearly 3 billion people, or 37.5% of the world population, did not use the internet in 2021.
📱 Internet users typically spend an average of seven hours a day on devices like smartphones, tablets, and computers.
📈 In Italy, between 20% and 30% of the population did not use the internet in 2020.
🚀 The creation of the internet began in the 1950s, driven by the need for a communication system that could survive a nuclear attack.
💾 ARPANET, the precursor to the internet, was created by the DARPA in 1958 to connect computers across a continental network.
🔗 The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) was invented in 1974, allowing for efficient data transmission between computers.
📄 Tim Berners-Lee is credited with creating the World Wide Web, developing foundational technologies like HTML, HTTP, and web browsers.
📚 The first website was published by CERN in 1991, marking the beginning of the public internet era.
📊 Global internet user growth has skyrocketed since the 1990s, with disparities in access persisting across regions.
🌐 The internet is structured in three layers: the Surface Web, the Deep Web, and the Dark Web, each serving different access and security functions.
🚨 The Dark Web, a part of the Deep Web, offers anonymity but is also used for illegal activities, despite law enforcement efforts to regulate it.

Q & A

What percentage of the global population did not use the internet in 2021?
-In 2021, almost 3.75 billion people, which is 37.5% of the global population, did not use the internet.
How many hours per day do people on average spend using the internet, smartphones, tablets, and computers?
-People who do use the internet spend on average about seven hours per day using these devices.
What was the main motivation behind the creation of ARPANET?
-The main motivation behind the creation of ARPANET was to develop a communication system that could not be disabled by a Soviet nuclear attack during the Cold War.
Who is credited with sending the first message between two terminals on ARPANET?
-Leonard Kleinrock is credited with sending the first message between two terminals on ARPANET.
What was the first message sent over ARPANET, and what issue occurred during the attempt?
-The first message sent over ARPANET was 'login', but the system crashed after the letters 'L' and 'O' were sent. The second attempt was successful.
What is the role of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?
-TCP, or Transmission Control Protocol, is a protocol used for communication between computers. It allows data to be divided into packets that are then reassembled into a complete message upon reaching their destination.
Who is recognized as the creator of the World Wide Web?
-Tim Berners-Lee is recognized as the creator of the World Wide Web.
When was the first website in history put online by CERN?
-The first website in history was put online by CERN on August 6, 1991.
What is the percentage of the population in Bahrain that has access to the internet, according to data from 2020?
-According to data from 2020, 99.7% of the population in Bahrain has access to the internet.
How does the time spent online differ between South African and Japanese users?
-South African users spend on average 10 hours and 46 minutes online daily, while Japanese users spend less than 4 and a half hours on average.
What are the three layers of the World Wide Web structure?
-The three layers of the World Wide Web structure are the Surface Web, the Deep Web, and the Dark Web.
What is the purpose of the Deep Web?
-The purpose of the Deep Web is to provide a space where user data can be more secure, requiring credentials like usernames and passwords to access the information.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 Internet Usage and History

This paragraph discusses the extent of global internet usage, highlighting that nearly 3 billion people, or 37.5% of the world's population, did not use the internet in 2021. It delves into the history of the internet, from its Cold War origins as a means for the United States to maintain communication in the event of a Soviet nuclear attack, to the creation of ARPANET in 1965 and the first message sent between two computers in 1969. The paragraph also covers the development of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee, the growth of internet users since the 1990s, and disparities in internet access across different regions and demographics. It concludes with statistics on internet usage in Italy and worldwide, emphasizing the digital divide and the significant portion of the population still unconnected.

05:01

🕸️ Layers of the Web and Internet Usage Statistics

This paragraph explores the different layers of the web, including the Surface Web, Deep Web, and Dark Web, explaining their characteristics and differences. It begins by describing the Surface Web as publicly accessible sites indexed by search engines, like Facebook, YouTube, and Wikipedia. The Deep Web is introduced as a section of the web containing non-indexed data that requires credentials to access, such as bank account passwords or private messages. The Dark Web is portrayed as an anonymous section of the Deep Web, initially designed by US military researchers for secure communication, but also exploited for illegal activities. The paragraph also compares internet usage habits across different countries, noting the high average time spent online by South African citizens and the lower average by Japanese users. It concludes with a brief mention of law enforcement's role in controlling the Dark Web and the criminalization of accessing certain parts of it in some countries.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Internet

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers and servers that allows users to access and share information. In the video, it is highlighted that as of 2021, nearly 3 billion people, or 37.5% of the world's population, have not used the Internet. The video discusses the evolution of the Internet and its impact on daily life, emphasizing its importance as a communication tool and the growth of its usage over the years.

💡World Wide Web (WWW)

The World Wide Web, often simply referred to as the Web, is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. It was invented by Tim Berners-Lee and became a major service supported by the Internet. The video discusses the creation of the first website in 1991 by CERN and how the Web has become an integral part of our daily lives, with various formats like HTML, HTTP, and web browsers that we still use today.

💡Digital Divide

The digital divide refers to the gap between individuals, households, businesses, and geographic areas at different socioeconomic levels concerning their opportunities to access information and communication technologies (ICTs), and their use of the Internet for a wide variety of activities. In the video, it is mentioned that while the percentage of people using the Internet has grown significantly, there are still areas, particularly in certain regions like Asia and Africa, where access to the Internet is limited, highlighting the ongoing issue of the digital divide.

💡ARPANET

ARPANET, or the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, was the first operational packet switching network and the precursor to the global Internet. It was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense and aimed to create a decentralized network that would not be disabled by a single nuclear attack. The video explains that ARPANET was a foundational step in the development of the Internet, with the first message sent between two computers in 1969.

💡Social Networks

Social networks are online platforms that allow users to build social connections, share information, ideas, and other content. The video discusses the significant role of social networks in the daily lives of people, with billions of users registered on various platforms. It highlights the increase in the number of users and the time spent on these platforms as a measure of the Internet's pervasiveness in society.

💡Deep Web

The Deep Web refers to parts of the Web not indexed by traditional search engines and thus not accessible through standard search queries. It contains databases, private networks, and other resources that require specific credentials, such as a username and password, to access. The video explains that the Deep Web exists to provide a secure space for sensitive data, like bank account passwords and private messages, but it also includes parts that are not indexed for the sake of user privacy.

💡Dark Web

The Dark Web is a part of the Deep Web that is not accessible through regular search engines and requires special software like Tor to access. It is known for providing anonymity to its users, which, while beneficial for privacy, can also be exploited for illegal activities. The video explains that the Dark Web was originally created by U.S. military researchers for secure communication but has since become a space where various illicit activities can take place.

💡Digital Global Report

The Digital Global Report, as mentioned in the video, is a document that provides insights and statistics on the state of digital technology and Internet usage worldwide. It helps to understand the reach and impact of the Internet on different populations and highlights areas where more work is needed to bridge the digital divide.

💡Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity refers to the practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks. It is a critical aspect of Internet usage, especially with the growth of the Deep Web and the Dark Web. The video touches on the importance of cybersecurity in the context of the Deep Web, where the security of user data is paramount.

💡Online Time

Online time refers to the amount of time individuals spend connected to the Internet. The video discusses the increasing amount of time people dedicate to online activities, which can range from work and communication to entertainment and social networking. It highlights the significant role the Internet plays in daily life and the potential impacts of excessive screen time.

💡Global Internet Usage

Global Internet usage refers to the percentage of the world's population that has access to and uses the Internet. The video provides statistics on the growth of Internet usage from the 1990s to the present, illustrating the rapid expansion of this technology and its integration into various aspects of life worldwide.

Highlights

Nearly three billion people, or 37.5% of the global population, did not use the internet in 2021.

Those who do use the internet spend an average of seven hours a day on devices such as smartphones, tablets, and computers.

In Italy, between 20 and 30 percent of the population did not use the internet in 2020.

The internet was born out of the need for a communication system that could withstand a Soviet nuclear attack during the Cold War.

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) was established by Eisenhower in 1958 to create a continental computer network called ARPANET.

Lawrence Roberts first achieved communication between two separate computers in different locations in 1965.

Leonard Kleinrock successfully sent the first message over ARPANET from UCLA to a computer at Stanford in 1969.

Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf invented the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in 1974, which allows for the division and reassembly of data packets between computers.

Tim Berners-Lee is known as the creator of the World Wide Web and developed foundational formats such as HTML, HTTP, and web browsers.

The first web page in history was put online by CERN in Geneva on August 6, 1991.

By 2000, nearly half of the US population had internet access, while only 7% of the population in Eastern and Pacific Asia, and 1% in Southern and Sub-Saharan Africa were online.

In 2016, three-quarters of people in the United States were online, and many countries around the world had made significant progress in internet access.

North Korea remains an outlier with oppressive regime limiting internet access to a small, internal network.

As of pre-pandemic data, Bahrain had the highest percentage of internet usage with 99.7%, followed by Qatar and Liechtenstein, both around 99.5%.

In Italy, approximately 70-80% of the population had access to the internet in 2020.

The global average time spent online continues to rise, with the population between 16 and 64 years old connected to the internet via devices for about seven hours a day.

South African working-age citizens spend an average of 10 hours and 46 minutes a day using internet-connected technology.

Japanese users have a national average of just under 4 and a half hours on the internet, the lowest among the mentioned countries.

The World Wide Web is structured into three layers: the Surface Web, the Deep Web, and the Dark Web.

The Surface Web is publicly accessible through search engines and includes sites like Facebook, YouTube, Wikipedia, news sites, and recipe sites.

The Deep Web contains non-indexed information that requires credentials to access, such as bank account passwords, private messages, and chats.

The Dark Web is a part of the Deep Web that cannot be accessed with a regular search engine and offers anonymity for users, which can be exploited for illegal activities.