Advances in Technology and Exchange After 1900 [AP World History] Unit 9 Topic 1 (9.1)
Summary
TLDRThis AP World History video delves into the impact of technology on globalization. It explores the evolution of communication and transportation, from the radio to social media, which bridged distances and democratized information. The script also covers energy advancements like petroleum and nuclear power, the Green Revolution in agriculture, and medical breakthroughs including antibiotics and birth control. These technologies have interconnected the world, influencing economies, societies, and global dynamics.
Takeaways
- 🌐 The script discusses the impact of globalization, focusing on how various factors have contributed to the world becoming more interconnected.
- 📻 Communication technology evolved significantly in the 20th century, starting with the radio which allowed direct communication without intermediaries.
- 📺 The advent of television added a visual element to mass communication, enhancing the way people received information.
- 📱 Cellular technology revolutionized personal communication, enabling instant global connectivity right from our pockets.
- 🌐 Social media platforms democratized communication, allowing individuals to have a voice and organize events, as seen during the Arab Spring.
- ✈️ Commercial air travel and shipping container innovations reduced the physical distance between people and facilitated faster trade.
- ⚙️ New energy technologies like petroleum, natural gas, and nuclear energy increased productivity but also raised environmental concerns.
- 🌱 The Green Revolution in agriculture, marked by the development of high-yield crops and the use of fertilizers and pesticides, aimed to feed a growing global population.
- 🏥 Medical advancements such as antibiotics, vaccines, and birth control significantly improved health outcomes and influenced population dynamics.
- 📈 The script highlights how technology has been a major player in globalization, shaping modern society in various ways.
Q & A
What is the main focus of Unit 9 in the AP World History curriculum?
-The main focus of Unit 9 in the AP World History curriculum is to understand the concept of globalization and how it has been influenced by various factors such as technology, migration, and ideologies.
How did the advent of radio technology impact communication in the early 20th century?
-The radio allowed individuals and families to hear the voices of those delivering information directly, bypassing intermediaries like newspapers and news reporters, and thus reducing the distance between speakers and listeners.
What role did television play in the evolution of mass communication?
-Television added the visual element to mass communication, allowing people to see the person speaking to them, which was a significant advancement over radio that only provided audio.
How has cellular technology changed the way people communicate?
-Cellular technology has enabled instant communication with anyone across the globe, and it has been so integrated into daily life that its revolutionary nature is often overlooked.
What was a significant historical event where social media played a key role?
-The Arab Spring in the early 2010s was a series of anti-government protests across the Arab world, many of which were organized and documented on cell phones and social media platforms.
How did commercial air travel contribute to globalization?
-Commercial air travel reduced the time required to travel long distances, making it possible to traverse continents in hours instead of weeks, thus bringing people and goods closer together.
What is the significance of the Green Revolution in the context of agricultural technology?
-The Green Revolution was significant because it introduced new grain and wheat varieties that yielded more abundant harvests and were more resistant to pests, largely due to genetic engineering and the increased use of fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation.
How did the development of nuclear energy impact the global energy landscape?
-Nuclear energy provided a more renewable and cleaner alternative to petroleum and natural gas for powering factories and cities, although it also presented risks, as seen in the Chernobyl disaster.
What were the key medical advancements that contributed to increased life expectancy after 1900?
-Key medical advancements included the development of antibiotics like penicillin, the widespread use of vaccines, and the introduction of medical birth control, such as the birth control pill.
What was the impact of the birth control pill on global fertility rates?
-The widespread use of the birth control pill led to a decline in fertility rates across the world, as women on average had fewer children.
Outlines
🌐 Globalization and Technological Advancements
This paragraph introduces the topic of globalization within the AP World History curriculum, focusing on the role of technology and the exchange of goods. It discusses how various technological advancements have led to increased global interconnectedness. The paragraph outlines the impact of communication and transportation technologies, such as radio, television, and cellular technology, on reducing the metaphorical space between people. It also touches on the historical significance of these technologies, like how President Franklin D. Roosevelt used radio to communicate with Americans during the Great Depression and World War II. The paragraph also briefly mentions the rise of social media platforms and their role in democratizing communication and organizing events like the Arab Spring. Finally, it discusses the shrinking of literal space between people due to commercial airlines and shipping containers, allowing for faster and more efficient transportation of goods.
🌱 Agricultural and Medical Innovations in the 20th Century
The second paragraph delves into the agricultural and medical technologies that have shaped the 20th century. It starts by discussing the Green Revolution, which involved the development of high-yield and pest-resistant grains and wheat through genetic engineering. The paragraph also highlights the increased use of fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation, which led to a significant expansion of farmland and the rise of commercial farming. This, in turn, resulted in the consolidation of small farms into larger corporate entities. The paragraph then shifts to medical advancements, emphasizing the discovery of antibiotics like penicillin, which revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections. It also mentions the increased use of vaccines to prevent diseases and the development of medical birth control, such as the birth control pill, which led to a decline in global fertility rates. The paragraph concludes by suggesting educational technology as a means to help students excel in their AP World History class.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Globalization
💡Communication Technology
💡Transportation Technology
💡Energy Technology
💡Agricultural Technology
💡Medical Technology
💡Radio
💡Television
💡Cellular Technology
💡Social Media
💡Commercial Airline
Highlights
Global interconnectedness is a key theme of AP World History Unit 9.
Technology plays a major role in the globalization of the world.
Communication and transportation technologies have made the world 'smaller'.
The radio was a pivotal mass communication medium in the early 20th century.
Television added visual elements to mass communication.
Cellular technology allows instant global communication.
Social media platforms democratized communication.
The Arab Spring was significantly influenced by social media.
Commercial airlines and shipping containers revolutionized the transportation of goods.
Energy technologies like petroleum and natural gas increased productivity.
Nuclear energy was developed as a cleaner alternative to petroleum.
The Green Revolution in agriculture led to more abundant and pest-resistant crops.
Genetic engineering was a key part of the Green Revolution.
The use of fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation increased agricultural output.
Commercial farming rose due to the complexity and cost of new farming technologies.
Antibiotics like penicillin saved lives by combating bacterial infections.
Vaccines became more widespread, protecting against diseases like smallpox and polio.
Medical birth control, such as the pill, led to a decline in global fertility rates.
Transcripts
well hey and welcome back to heimler's
history and welcome to the first topic
video of unit 9 of our ap world history
curriculum and this topic is here and
this unit is here to help us come to
terms with globalization now in previous
units we've talked about global wars and
migration and ideologies and in this
unit we're going to bring that all
together and see how all of this led to
an increasing global interconnectedness
and we're going to look at what the
consequences of that global
interconnectedness work and in this
video we're going to talk about a major
player in the globalization of the world
namely technology and the exchange of
goods so if you're ready to get them
brain cows milked i am let's get to it
okay so with respect to technology and
globalization let's first look at
communication and transportation
technologies second we'll look at new
energy technology third we'll look at
agricultural technology and we'll round
it all out by talking about medical
technology all right first communication
and transportation technology so in case
you haven't noticed the world is a
mighty big place and after 900 new
communication and transportation
technologies we're busy making the space
between us much smaller first there was
the radio in the early part of the 20th
century and this certainly wasn't the
first medium of mass communication
available to humanity but it certainly
did change a lot this little box in
people's homes allowed individuals and
families to actually hear the voices of
the people who were delivering
information to them at a distance as
opposed to say a newspaper which was
only in print also it eliminated the
intermediary filter between the speaker
and the listener prior to this for
example if a leader gave a press
conference that message would then be
filtered through the news reporter who
might emphasize his or her own pet
biases but on the radio that leader
could speak to the listener exactly as
he or she wishes american president
franklin delano roosevelt utilized this
medium and broadcast his voice into
american homes during the great
depression in world war ii he used the
medium to comfort americans during hard
times and to update them on policies
that he was enacting to support them
second there was the advent of
television in the middle part of the
20th century and with this new medium of
communication you had all the benefits
of radio with the added benefit of being
able to see the person who was actually
talking to you third and later in the
20th century cellular technology was
developed which put the ability to
communicate with each other in our
pockets people could instantly
communicate with anyone all over the
globe we've all grown up with this
technology and so the revolutionary
nature of it can get lost on us so just
to get a sense of how much cellular
technology has changed consider this
little episode from the seven years war
in the 18th century now part of this war
was fought on the american continent
between the british and the french now
britain ended up winning this war but
the american colonists kept on fighting
for like six weeks because it took so
long for news to travel across the
atlantic but now it would be like
okay and shut it down now along with the
cellular technology and related to it
was the rise of social media platforms
like facebook and twitter and instagram
these platforms essentially democratize
communication and gave anyone a platform
to say whatever they wanted to and then
to gain an audience now a key historical
event in which social media played a
part was the arab spring which happened
in the early 2010s and was a series of
anti-government protests across the arab
world many of these protests were
organized and documented on cell phones
and social media and it speaks to the
significance of these platforms that
governments in these places often shut
down the internet and censored social
sites in the days before these protests
it was cellular technology and social
media that allowed the rest of the world
to know about these people's discontent
with their governments so all of these
communication technologies reduced the
metaphorical space between each other
even if the literal space was still
there but the literal space between
people was also growing smaller with the
advent of commercial airline instead of
requiring weeks to trek from one side of
the continent to another now the
distance could be traveled in a matter
of hours also people came to much closer
and more abundant contact with the goods
that they wanted to purchase mass
shipments of goods could be more easily
and quickly transported through the air
also with the development of massive
shipping containers which could be
loaded in bulk and transported across
the sea in bulk without having to unload
the cargo people could get more goods
faster okay that was communication and
transportation technology in the 20th
century now let's look at new energy
technology so ever since the rise of the
industrial revolution factories and the
cities that grew up around them needed
energy in order to power their machines
and deliver services to the people that
lived around them now in the beginning
that energy came from burning coal but
by the 20th century they were using
petroleum and natural gas and that had
the effect of actually upping
productivity another significant energy
technology was nuclear energy so you
probably recall that at the end of world
war ii the americans dropped two atomic
bombs on japan and i guess somebody
looked at that and said you know i
wonder if instead of blowing people up
with nuclear fission we could actually
produce power instead and as it turns
out you can now petroleum is a
non-renewable resource that releases
copious amounts of pollution into the
environment nuclear energy on the other
hand while not unlimited is far more
renewable than petroleum and much
cleaner all things being equal and
sometimes with nuclear energy all things
are not equal the much cleaner part of
that statement goes out the window in a
case like the disaster at the chernobyl
power plant in russia in the 1980s one
of their reactor cores exploded and
released about 400 times more radiation
into the environment than the bombs
dropped on hiroshima and nagasaki
combined okay now let's turn and talk
about agricultural technology in the
20th century something called the green
revolution occurred this was a
revolution because scientists developed
new kinds of grain and wheat that yield
in more abundant harvests and were more
resistant to pests and how did they do
that well one significant way they did
it was through genetic engineering they
actually modified the cellular
organization of these crops to make them
accomplish what they wanted additionally
during the 20th century we saw the
increased use of fertilizers and
pesticides and irrigation along with all
of this came a huge increase in the
worldwide acreage devoted to farming and
all of this was deployed in order to
feed the mouths of a rapidly growing
world population now one consequence of
all this new farming technology was the
rise of commercial farming all these new
technologies were complex and expensive
and generally out of the reach of your
average farmer therefore small farmers
found themselves unable to compete on
the scale of larger wealthy commercial
farmers and that led to the
consolidation of small farms into the
hands of these corporations and fourth
let's consider new medical technology
after 1900 there are a couple
significant medical advances that help
people to live longer the first was
antibiotics which is the substance that
killed bacterial infections and in 1928
the first antibiotic was developed and
it was called penicillin it saved the
lives of many people not least of which
was soldiers fighting in wars and gave
them a means by which they could survive
infections that previously would have
killed them second we see the widespread
use of vaccines now vaccines of course
were not new to the 20th century but
there certainly was a spike in the use
of these were shots that people got that
inoculated them against diseases like
smallpox and measles and polio and yet
another medical technology was developed
during this time that didn't extend
people's lives but it certainly did
change them this development was medical
birth control in the 1950s a birth
control pill was developed which
consisted of a synthetic hormone which
prevented pregnancy and the result of
the widespread use of this pill caused
fertility rates across the world to
decline which is to say women were
having fewer babies on average all right
that's what you need to know about unit
nine topic one of ap world history if
you need help getting an a in your class
in a five on your exam and bathing
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