Why Am I Still Fat?
Summary
TLDREl aumento mundial de la obesidad es un problema de salud pública que afecta a millones de personas. La ciencia busca entender y combatir este fenómeno, explorando cómo el cuerpo defiende su peso a través de mecanismos como la reacción a la hambruna. Se investigan dietas rápidas y lentas, el impacto de sustancias químicas en el desarrollo de la obesidad y la potencial influencia de los epígenos. Además, se abordan intervenciones drásticas como la cirugía de la banda laparoscópica y la importancia de un enfoque holístico para abordar la obesidad.
Takeaways
- 🌍 La obesidad ha aumentado dramáticamente en todo el mundo, con el doble de personas consideradas obesas en las últimas décadas.
- 👶 El número de niños obesos ha triplicado, y la población está engordando rápidamente.
- 🏥 La obesidad se ha convertido en la 'nueva normalidad', con casi dos tercios de los australianos con sobrepeso.
- 🧬 Aunque hay variantes genéticas asociadas con la obesidad, estas solo contribuyen a menos del 5% de la variación en el tamaño corporal.
- 🧠 Nuestros cuerpos tienen un mecanismo de defensa contra la pérdida de peso, conocido como la 'reacción a la hambruna', que es controlado por el cerebro.
- 🍽️ La 'reacción a la hambruna' aumenta el apetito y hace que nuestro cuerpo sea más eficiente en la combustión de energía, lo que dificulta la pérdida de peso.
- 🔬 El estudio TEMPO en la Universidad de Sídney compara los efectos a largo plazo de la pérdida de peso rápida y lenta en mujeres postmenopáusicas.
- 🏋️♀️ La mayoría de las dietas no funcionan a largo plazo, ya que ocho de cada diez personas que pierden peso lo recuperan en cinco años.
- 🏥 La cirugía de la banda laparoscópica, como la operación de banda de lazo, puede ser una solución para aquellos que no pueden perder peso de otra manera.
- 🥗 Los alimentos ricos en antocianinas, como zanahorias moradas y ciruelas, pueden ayudar a combatir los efectos inflamatorios de la obesidad.
- 🧪 Los contaminantes químicos, como los ftalatos y la BPA, pueden afectar el riesgo de obesidad en niños, alterando la función genética relacionada con la regulación del peso.
Q & A
¿Qué ha ocurrido con la obesidad a nivel mundial en las últimas décadas?
-La prevalencia de la obesidad se ha duplicado en las últimas décadas, y el número de niños obesos se ha triplicado, convirtiéndose en una epidemia.
¿Cuál es la relación entre el BMI y la cantidad de grasa en el cuerpo?
-El BMI (índice de masa corporal) indica que aproximadamente un tercio del peso del cuerpo es grasa.
¿Qué es la reacción de la hambruna y cómo afecta el cuerpo humano?
-La reacción de la hambruna es un mecanismo de supervivencia innato del cerebro que defiende el peso corporal, aumentando el apetito y haciendo que el cuerpo queme menos energía, lo que dificulta la pérdida de peso.
¿Por qué es difícil mantener la pérdida de peso a largo plazo?
-El hipotálamo en el cerebro reajusta la cantidad de grasa que el cuerpo defiende, lo que hace que sea más difícil de perder peso a medida que se lleva más tiempo con sobrepeso.
¿Qué es el estudio TEMPO y qué objetivo tiene?
-El estudio TEMPO es una investigación en la Universidad de Sídney que compara los efectos a largo plazo de la pérdida de peso rápida con la lenta en 100 mujeres postmenopáusicas, buscando entender mejor la reacción de la hambruna.
¿Qué es un lazo gástrico y cómo ayuda a la pérdida de peso?
-Un lazo gástrico es una cirugía bariátrica que ajusta el tamaño del estómago para que quede más pequeño, lo que reduce la cantidad de comida que se puede comer y ayuda a la pérdida de peso.
¿Qué es la antocianina y cómo está relacionada con la obesidad?
-La antocianina es un pigmento natural encontrado en alimentos de color morado que puede tener propiedades antiinflamatorias y potencialmente ayudar a combatir los efectos inflamatorios de la obesidad.
¿Qué son los obesógenos y cómo pueden afectar la obesidad en los niños?
-Los obesógenos son sustancias químicas sintéticas que actúan como hormonas y pueden alterar la forma en que nuestro cuerpo reacciona a la grasa, afectando el riesgo de obesidad, especialmente en la infancia.
¿Qué es la epigenética y cómo puede influir en la obesidad?
-La epigenética es el estudio de cómo el entorno puede cambiar la función de los genes sin alterar su estructura, lo que puede influir en el desarrollo y la obesidad.
¿Cuál es el resultado preliminar del estudio TEMPO después de seis meses?
-Después de seis meses, los participantes en el estudio TEMPO que siguieron una dieta de baja energía para la pérdida de peso rápida parecen haber evitado el aumento del apetito debido a la reacción de la hambruna.
Outlines
🌍 La epidemia de obesidad mundial
El primer párrafo aborda el aumento dramático de la obesidad a nivel mundial, con un enfoque en la doble prevalencia de obesidad en las últimas décadas. Se menciona que el número de niños obesos ha triplicado y que 9 millones de adultos están en condiciones de sobrepeso. Se destaca que la obesidad se ha convertido en la 'nueva normalidad', con casi dos tercios de los australianos en condiciones de sobrepeso. Se explora la relación entre el BMI y la composición corporal, y se plantea la pregunta de cómo la ciencia puede ayudar en la lucha contra la obesidad. Se introduce la idea de que el cuerpo defiende los esfuerzos para perder peso, lo que se denomina 'reacción a la hambruna', un mecanismo de supervivencia controlado por el cerebro.
🔬 Investigación científica en la pérdida de peso
El segundo párrafo se centra en la experiencia personal de Amanda, quien lidera el estudio TEMPO en la Universidad de Sídney, y cómo esto la motiva en su investigación. Se describe el estudio de tres años que compara los efectos a largo plazo de la pérdida de peso rápida y lenta en 100 mujeres postmenopáusicas. Se explican los dos tipos de dietas que se comparan: una dieta de muy bajos calores para una pérdida de peso rápida y una dieta convencional para una pérdida de peso lenta. Se presentan las experiencias de Andrea, quien sigue una dieta lenta, y de Jenny, que está en la dieta rápida, destacando los desafíos y la determinación de ambas en su camino hacia una mejor salud.
🏥 Intervención quirúrgica para la obesidad
El tercer párrafo explora las intervenciones más drásticas para perder peso, como la cirugía de la banda laparoscópica. Se presenta a Deb Richardson, quien ha estado esperando una operación de banda laparoscópica durante seis años debido a su incapacidad para perder peso y a su condición de salud. Se describe el proceso de la cirugía y cómo la banda laparoscópica funciona, así como las expectativas de pérdida de peso y la mejora en la calidad de vida. Además, se aborda la investigación de Amanda Paige sobre cómo el estómago comunica con el cerebro y cómo la obesidad puede alterar la sensación de saciedad.
🍔 Influencia de la industria alimentaria en la obesidad
El cuarto párrafo cuestiona la responsabilidad de la industria alimentaria en la obesidad, destacando la resistencia de algunos sectores a la etiqueta de elección saludable y la manipulación de la palatabilidad de los alimentos para aumentar la ingesta calórica. Se discute cómo la industria ha creado productos que satisfacen el apetito por proteínas, pero en realidad son fuente de grasas y carbohidratos, lo que lleva a un sobreconsumo de calorías y a la obesidad.
🍇 Poder medicinal de los alimentos contra la obesidad
El quinto párrafo se centra en la investigación de Lindsay Brown, quien estudia los efectos de los pigmentos naturales, como los antocianinas, en la prevención y reversión de los efectos inflamatorios de la obesidad. Se mencionan los resultados promisorios de ensayos en ratas y se sugiere que los alimentos ricos en antocianinas, como los zanahorias moradas y las ciruelas, pueden ser una herramienta efectiva para combatir la obesidad y sus complicaciones.
🧪 Investigación en obesidad y exposición química
El sexto párrafo explora la relación entre la exposición a sustancias químicas, como los agentes obesógenos, y el riesgo de obesidad, especialmente en niños. Se describe un estudio que mide los niveles de exposición a estas sustancias en bebés y su relación con la tasa de crecimiento y la composición corporal. Se discute la posibilidad de que la exposición temprana a estas sustancias pueda afectar el riesgo de obesidad a lo largo de la vida.
🔄 Resultados preliminares del estudio TEMPO
El séptimo párrafo presenta los resultados preliminares del estudio TEMPO, que sugieren que las dietas de baja energía pueden ser efectivas para evitar la reacción de la hambruna y promover la pérdida de peso. Se comparten las experiencias de Andrea y Jenny, quienes han tenido éxito en perder peso a diferentes ritmos, y se destaca la importancia de continuar el estudio para comprender mejor los efectos a largo plazo de los diferentes enfoques dietéticos para la pérdida de peso.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Obesity
💡BMI
💡Familia
💡Dietas
💡Reacción de hambruna
💡Cirugía bariátrica
💡Químicos obesógenos
💡Epigénesis
💡Inflamación crónica
💡Antocianinas
Highlights
El aumento mundial de la obesidad ha duplicado en las últimas décadas.
El número de niños obesos ha triplicado.
La obesidad se está convirtiendo en la nueva normalidad con casi dos tercios de los australianos con sobrepeso.
El 1/3 de la masa corporal de una persona con un BMI de 31 está compuesto de grasa.
La ciencia busca entender cómo el cuerpo defiende su peso a pesar de los esfuerzos para perderlo.
El cuerpo humano tiene un mecanismo de supervivencia llamado reacción a la hambruna que promueve la retención de grasa.
La reacción a la hambruna aumenta el apetito y la necesidad de comer.
La investigación en la Universidad de Sídney está comparando dietas rápidas y lentas para la pérdida de peso.
El estudio TEMPO es uno de los primeros en comparar el efecto de dietas rápidas versus lentas en la reacción a la hambruna.
Dos tipos de dietas se comparan: una baja en calorías para pérdida rápida y una convencional para pérdida lenta.
La pérdida de peso es difícil de mantener, ya que el hipotalamo reajusta la cantidad de grasa que el cuerpo defiende.
La reacción a la hambruna altera las hormonas y hace que el cuerpo sea más eficiente en la combustión de energía.
La cirugía de la banda laparoscópica puede ser una solución para aquellos que no pueden perder peso de otra manera.
Los neurocientíficos están investigando cómo el estómago comunica con el cerebro para controlar el apetito.
Los alimentos procesados con bajo contenido de proteínas pueden ser una causa del sobrepeso.
Los alimentos ricos en antocianinas, como zanahorias moradas y ciruelas, pueden ayudar a combatir la obesidad.
Los químicos obesogénicos, como los plásticos y los BPA, pueden afectar el riesgo de obesidad en niños.
La epigenética puede explicar cómo los factores ambientales afectan la función genética relacionada con la obesidad.
El estudio TEMPO muestra que algunas personas pueden tener éxito con dietas de baja energía para la pérdida de peso rápida.
La cirugía de la banda laparoscópica ha ayudado a algunas personas a perder peso y mejorar su salud.
La lucha contra la obesidad requiere más que solo dieta y ejercicio; es necesaria una comprensión científica profunda.
Transcripts
the shape of the human body is changing
dramatically worldwide the prevalence of
obesity has doubled in the last few
decades if you go back 50 years and you
look at the proportion of the population
that was considered obese and you look
at it now it really is an epidemic the
number of obese children has tripled the
population is getting fatter 9 million
adults are overweight an explosion of
fat related diseases now with nearly two
out of three Australians overweight
obesity is the new normal
I've been told I'm 31 BMI BMI which
means that basically 1/3 of my body
weight is fat what does science bring to
the fight against fat if we can
understand how that enemy is working
then we'll be better equipped to be able
to get in there and intervene our kids
are at risk before they're even born
[Music]
and there's a lot more than just
conventional genetics at play of the 50
or so genetic variants that have been
associated with obesity that only
contributes to less than 5% of the
variation in body size
the increase in global obesity some call
it globey city has been so rapid that it
can't just be explained by eating too
much or exercising too little are there
things in our bodies in our brains in
our environment that conspire against
our best efforts to lose weight in this
program we'll see how science is
answering your question why am I still
Sat it sounds paradoxical but your body
actually defends itself from your
efforts to lose weight by helping you to
keep the kilos on it's an inbuilt
survival mechanism controlled by our
brain that we all share and it's called
the famine reaction one of the major
effects of the famine reaction is that
it makes you hungrier it increases your
drive to eat when a man does sell us an
account of the feminine reaction as a
teenager she didn't have a name for it
and instead of just saying oh yeah I'm a
normal girl having a famine reaction I
ate and said to myself I'm a useless
person that's terrible I've broken my
diet I'm hopeless I can't do anything
and then I ate even more and I gained
weight and in six years
I actually went from 53 kilos to 93
kilos I gained 40 kilos and I literally
dieted myself fat
Amanda's personal experience now
motivates her research she leads the
tempo diet trial at the University of
Sydney these women are part of world
first research they're at the start of a
three-year study into the long-term
effects of weight loss in 100
postmenopausal women there's never been
a study that's compared the effects of
fast versus slow weight loss on the
famine reaction head-to-head so it's new
and it's different
two types of diets are being compared a
very low energy diet of 800 calories a
day for fast weight loss against a
conventional diet for slow weight loss
the women in the study don't get to
choose which one they're on keen
gardener and medical researcher Andrea
is one of the participants controlling
her weight has always been a bit of a
struggle it's been more of an issue at
times and generally I would say that I
was a very classic yo-yo dieter all my
life but eating well with her family
remains a joy what generally I do is I
kind of wait until cleitus most of the
cooking so wait until he's decided what
he's going to cook and then I kind of
fit in around that Andrea is on the slow
and steady diet in the tempo trial
husband clive is not a dieter but he's
inspired by her determination I've never
had to worry about what I eat but on the
other hand I suppose you know I couldn't
drop dead of a heart attack just as easy
as somebody who is who weighed more I
mean I'd just be a thinner corpse but
I'd still be dead and he's adapted more
to our diet than than we have to hers IT
manager Jennifer Moretti is part of the
tempo study too but unlike Andrea she's
on the fast-track diet for rapid weight
loss it's a bit scary that I'm now
eligible for a diet trial because
technically I'm obese which I never felt
Jenny's passionate about her horses
which she rides in eventing the
triathlon of horse sports I think you
probably don't notice when you're
putting weight on and you just do things
with the body that you've got and it's
start to affect your horse riding I
probably didn't look as elegant I
probably looked like one of those little
kids on earth there well in Pony be
Kentuckian bopping around husband Peter
needs to lose weight too and wants to
follow Jenny's example but when I open
the fridge somehow without any conscious
control that hand reaches out for the
honey yogurt or something like that it's
like an addiction eight out of ten
dieters who lose up to ten percent of
their body weight put it back on again
within five years
why is maintaining weight loss so
difficult what are so many dieters hit a
wall that's exactly where Amanda's tempo
study comes in the longer you carry
weight the harder it is to lose it
because the hypothalamus in your brain
resets the amount of fat your body
defends the famine reaction keeps you
craving food I know how hard it is when
you're trying to lose weight and nobody
around will give you the right to feel
hungry today
Andrey is in for a DEXA scan a type of
x-ray that measures the massive fat
muscle and lean tissues as well as the
mineral density of bone
using different lines we can calculate
how much fat is in different regions of
the body gauging the impact of the
famine reaction also means entering the
body pod quite being shot into space but
it's only 20 seconds the pod is another
way to measure body composition this
time using air displacement reaction
alters your hormones in a way that tends
to make your body very inclined to hold
on to fat particularly in the midriff
region and also makes your body more
inclined to lose lean tissues such as
muscle and bone this gives an estimate
so fat mass is around 32% and lean mass
is around 68 percent let's eat some
quiet time under the calorimetry hood
measures Andrea's metabolic rate or how
much fat she's burning while the Thaman
reaction increases your drive to eat it
also makes your body more fuel efficient
to stay awake and relaxed and awake why
you whispering I guess if we have to be
very quiet here because we want Andrea
to remain relaxed but awake and that's
because we're measuring resting energy
expenditure and that uncannily it
changes with weight loss and it affects
how many kilojoules you burn over the
course of the day and affects how much
you can eat without putting on weight
one assumption the tempo trial is
testing through participants reporting
how hungry they feel is that rapid
weight loss should be avoided because it
makes the famine reaction stronger we'll
return to see what works for Jenny and
Andrea when they get their first
progress results but diets don't work
for everybody some need a more drastic
intervention to lose weight rapidly and
as we'll see even making it harder for
food to fit in your stomach may not be
enough in Hobart 52 year old dead
Richardson has been waiting for a lap
band operation for six years I'm unfit
I feel unhealthy and I never feel well
and I want to change that I want to
start wanting to go out for walks and
and meeting new people and doing
different things I just need to be in
amongst it how do you feel about food
food I'm obsessed with food I think
about food all the time
Deb's GP referred her for lap band
surgery because of her inability to lose
weight along with type 1 diabetes high
blood pressure and a high BMI it's
currently 34 think we would be hoping to
lose 30 kilos which is a substantial
amount for a lady who is not not
particularly big for Deb a bariatric
surgeon offers her the last chance to
avoid the life-threatening diseases that
come with obesity what I'd like you to
do is to think of the Lap Band is a tool
that we're going to give you to help
yourself this is the Lap Band here
itself you can see it's made out of a
ring of silicon and on the inside is a
balloon that balloon is attached to a
tubing and an injection port so if some
saline is injected into the injection
port it will inflate the balloon and
make the band a little bit tighter and
that will be under your skin on the
tummy and as we fill that balloon up it
just compresses the outlet of that
little pouch and it takes longer for the
food to empty out of the pouch into the
stem
it's adjustable and because it's keyhole
surgery it's relatively safe that small
piece of silicon has a powerful effect
on the nerves that control appetite
neurologist Amanda Paige wants to
unravel how those nerves allow the
stomach to communicate with the brain
it's a really difficult situation once
you're obese to actually lose that
weight again this experiment shows how
weight gain actually resets the sense of
feeling full with a piece of stomach
from a mouse she hooks up the nerves
that fire when receptors respond to
stretching there's a tension sensitive
nerve in the stomach and we placed a
hook next to that nerve and we've
connected it to a cantilever system and
then we can actually record the nerve
activity here so if we place a weight
onto this cantilever system that's
clearly made of something like Lego yes
connects slowly release
you can see that their nerve activity
increases the signals to the brain if it
was doing the mouse which would increase
and it would patellar than else that it
was full this is central to regulating
appetite because without it the brain
wouldn't know when to stop eating and
here's the key when she compares the
stomach's of lean mice with obese ones
the response to stretch is dramatically
reduced in the obese mice and doesn't
return to normal the same thing happens
in humans
people will say so why weren't an obese
person just stopped eating it's easy to
stop eating but actually they're not
getting those signals of fullness so
they can't finding a way to reset the
receptors back to their lean condition
may lead to a non-surgical therapy for
obesity in the future it's Deb's big day
bariatric surgeon Steven Wilkinson
prepares to install her Lap Band deftly
manipulating the laparoscopic
instruments Steven introduces the Lap
Band into the abdomen and pulls it
around the stomach now the band has got
a locking mechanism that's a bit like
one of those cable ties okay so that's
got the band pretty much you know
perfect position there so we'll put
three or four stitches in just to fix it
to the top part of the fat pad just over
the esophagus and just spot Wells the
stomach across the front of the band and
it stops the band's I'm slipping down
Stephen says the procedure has about the
same risk profile as gall bladder
surgery it has a very low mortality rate
I've done about 3,000 lap bands I've had
one mortality which is tragic when that
happens it's a deceptively simple
operation it's taken less than 20
minutes but it's got the potential to
change Debbie's life forever
the long-term results are that people
lose about 55 percent of their excess
weight by about 10 years and maintain
that while Stephen performs another 7
lap band operations today Deb recovers
from hers I must admit it's better than
what I thought I was gonna be life
starts today for a second time so that's
good
Debbie's going home tomorrow I'll visit
her in a few months time to see how
she's going oh the contradictions our
society values thinness and health but
at the same time encourages us to
overeat and consume more fat sticks deer
ribs
back in 1981 this ad was suspended from
commercial television after complaints
by an advertising agency with food
companies as clients get it off more
than 30 years later to what extent can
we blame obesity on food manufacturers
well there's still resistance from some
sections of the industry to labeling for
healthy choice and these days
nutritional science is thinking less
about individual nutrients and more
about finding the best mix in a balanced
diet appetite isn't just a single thing
we have separate appetites for different
major nutrients we're talking here about
carbohydrates proteins and fats your
appetite control automatically gives
priority to protein if your diet runs
short you make up for it by getting
energy from fats and carbohydrates the
taste like protein no that's sort of
lip-smacking amino acid umami flavors
diluting protein makes food cheaper to
make good for business but bad for your
appetite control that's the savory snack
food industry your potato chip is a
protein decoy tastes like protein our
bodies have evolved to associate those
flavor cues with protein but actually
all you're getting is loaded up with
more fat and carbs leaving your protein
appetite unfulfilled and hence you're
gonna continue to snack and eat more
those subversive extra calories explain
a lot about why we get fat our white fat
cells protect us by providing a safe
home for lipids that is they keep the
fats out of our organs but when they get
overloaded they swell and burst leaking
lipid into the bloodstream the body's
defenses go into red alert with an
inflammatory reaction this chronic
low-grade inflammation causes organ
damage resulting in cardiovascular and
fatty liver disease the insulin
resistance and diabetes anything that
stops the obesity also stops this
inflammation in Toowoomba at the
University of Southern Queensland
Lindsay brown researches the medicinal
power of natural foods to counteract
obesity and reverse its inflammatory
effects or more specifically fruit and
vegetables of a certain color the color
purple anthocyanin is a natural pigment
one of a range of compounds in plants
that keep their systems healthy and
potentially Al's too
which Vichy has the highest emphasis on
the purple carrots are by far the best
with that they've got an amazing amount
of antler cider and when we do this the
color just goes the whole way through it
when it comes to fruit sues for super
star the super star is the queen gonna
plummet so it's a wonderful plum so it's
not just an ordinary purple plum this
has got five or ten times as much of the
purple color in it and you can see it in
there Lindsay and his team tested the
effects of anthocyanins on rats fattened
up on a diet
similar to thick shakes burgers and
fries the body mass index of these rats
is 25 to 35 equivalent to the BMI of
most of the Australian human population
what's happening as a result of obesity
in these rats bodies right now blood
pressures going up quite dramatically
the heart function is going down the
liver function is going down the
abdominal fat pads increase the hormones
go up the whole of the body is being
affected and that's characteristic of
obesity and it's all linked together by
this inflammatory response it's all
linked together because the inflammatory
response occurs in every woman there's
no woman that is immune from that and
then after eight weeks he added at the
sign and rich juice to the food of half
the rats much to my surprise actually we
found that the anthocyanins in purple
carrots in Queen garnet plums in all of
these things completely reverse all of
those changes so we haven't changed the
diet they're still getting this high
carbohydrate high fat diet and yet with
that intervention all of those
parameters that characterize obesity are
back to normal that's incredible
that is incredible and you think wait a
minute this is not the sort of
billion-dollar multinational company
type product this is a carrot this is a
plum the results with rats have led to
human clinical trials which are now
underway
but beyond food there seems to be
something else driving obesity
especially in young children V's growing
up in a country where nearly 1 in 4
children are overweight or at least in a
world where obesity is one of the
leading threats to public health how
that will change in our lifetime
depends on what we can learn from new
science there's emerging research into
synthetic chemicals that act like
hormones and change the way our bodies
react to fat
they're called obese agents you can't
find a group that are not exposed to
these chemicals 99 to 100 percent of
Australian people have phthalates 80 to
90 to 100 percent depending on how when
they're measured have is phenols in
their bodies plasticizers like bitter
phenols or BPA are almost impossible to
avoid as they're common in our food
packaging and consumer goods it's also
often used as a resin and the lining of
household water supply so that means
even our drinking water he is often
contaminated for their degree of BPA as
well our pipes yes waiting for taps
attempts the question is even though
these chemicals only stay in our bodies
for a few hours can exposure in children
affect their obesity risk for the rest
of their lives
in Brisbane Bridgette Marr makes house
calls to measure their chemical load
baby Luke is about to turn three months
old to sample short-lived chemicals
Bridgette takes wipes from his hands
which isn't always easy and from his mum
Michelle's job is to collect samples of
Luke's urine her breast milk even house
dust over a period of time is she
worried what they might reveal yes I am
concerned and I would like to know you
know there's also there's also part of
me that's saying well if it's not
relevant then we also need to know that
too because you can get you can get to
kind of paranoid about what you're
putting into your child's body
Luke is one of thirty babies currently
in the study that will eventually
involve a hundred or so their levels of
chemical exposure from high to low are
compared with their growth rates
[Music]
Luke's development is tracked from birth
with his body composition measured every
six weeks like the bod pod in the tempo
study there's a miniature version for
babies
it's called a pea pods and it can give
us an estimation of the babies percent
body fat and lean body mass this is the
first study of its kind in Australia and
perhaps the world to search for links
between short-lived environmental
chemicals and obesity in the first six
months of loss when babies outgrow the
Peapod Brigette uses a handheld device
to monitor their growth rates her BMI is
twenty one point six and impedance is
six fifty at nine months old Evy loves
her food her mum Paula tries to slow her
weight gained through diet sometimes I
worry that perhaps she's growing a
little bit too fast because I know that
that can increase your risk of obesity
and metabolic disease later in life and
she's just learned something else
disturbing about BPA evey loves crinkly
paper and in an emergency sometimes to
settle her I'll give her a receipt and
sometimes she even eats them and Bridget
has told me that actually that is one of
the highest sources of BPA which is very
concerning to me the level of BPA in the
thermal paper of shop receipts is more
than a hundred thousand times higher
than in canned foods it's still too
early in this study to link the
variability of growth rates in babies
with chemical exposure but there's
alarming evidence from elsewhere about
the effects of BPA exposure in
school-aged children
those children with the highest levels
of exposure have a 35 to 40 percent
increased risk of being obese compared
to those children's with the lowest
level of exposure the likely explanation
is that BPA is an endocrine disruptor
that interferes with the hormone system
but could a be surgeons be reshaping our
genetic destiny as well there's this
other science called epigenetics where
the environment changes not the
structure of the gene but the function
of the gene this epigenetics is a normal
part of our human development that's the
way babies grow so the organs develop
and change and through these epigenetic
processes it's when they get hijacked by
environmental toxicants that things go
off
after six months in the tempo diet trial
the answer to losing weight for Jenny
and Andrea depends on overcoming their
biological drive to keep eating Andrea
on the slow and steady diet has lost
eight kilos jetty on the fast track diet
has lost 14 kilos so far that's actually
only seven kilos of fat so Jenny you've
lost double that and Andrea you've lost
more than that oh that's scary Lord yeah
it's a sizable amount of fat to lose so
well done thank you up to now it looks
like Jenny's low energy diet has
actually prevented her feminine reaction
from making her want to eat more with
the fast weight loss that you are on
Jenny
it feels like the famine reaction is
going undercover and can you see what's
happening here to your appetite did you
notice that you couldn't be bothered
eating almost wow this early result
seems to contradict the notion that
crash diets are not the way to go but
this trial has a couple of years to run
yet to really know which diet is best
Amanda wants more women to join the
study we encourage our clinical trial
participants to be like the boss of
their body as their I can see if their
menu action I see what you're doing to
my hunger and for them to be aware of
what's happening and to know that it's
nothing to feel bad about it's just you
know you're a normal woman having a
family reaction
[Music]
back in Hobart life has changed for Deb
to five months after her lap band
operation I've caught up with Deb to
take her out to lunch
thank you I still find it really hard to
cut the portion size down when I look at
it I think I can do double mmm but I
definitely can't how's your weight
changed life after lap band oh good it's
done really well I've lost sixteen and a
half q I can cut relationship thank you
excuse me
you're a mouthful but that's impressive
Eddy that's more than halfway to your
target almost to the to the key light
yeah so that is good how do I feel about
that I would have liked it to come off
fast even so she still feels judged I
actually had a lady in a shop say to me
that don't you took the easy way out
mm I actually was for the first time
felt bad about having in the life band
and then I thought no I had it for
medical reasons not you know it wasn't
an easy option for me so I don't go into
that shop anymore this journey to
explore obesity has opened my eyes my
weight is in the healthy range even
though I eat what I like my excuse is
that I'm just a skinny bloke but while a
healthy diet and more exercise is better
for everyone anyway when it comes to
losing weight it's not as simple as that
we shouldn't rely on excuses to answer
the question why am I still set or even
why am I not cecht but we can rely on
new science to improve our public health
methods to tackle obesity
look beyond the easy assumption that
getting fat is about being lazy you're
lacking willpower and we can see the
full picture
the powerful biological and
environmental reasons why we put weight
on and regain what we managed to lose
[Music]
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