Transactional Model

Summary

The script explores the Transactional Model of communication, emphasizing the dynamic process where a sender encodes and sends a message to a receiver who then decodes it. The model highlights the reciprocal nature of communication, as the receiver can become a sender, and vice versa. It also addresses the impact of noise, which can disrupt the communication process, and the importance of channels, like audio for public speaking, in message transmission. The script illustrates how non-verbal cues and even environmental factors can influence the clarity and effectiveness of communication.

Takeaways

• 🔁 The Transactional Model emphasizes the interactive nature of communication where roles can switch between sender and receiver.
• 📨 The sender encodes a message to be sent, highlighting the importance of clear and effective encoding for successful communication.
• 🔍 The receiver decodes the message, underlining the necessity for accurate interpretation to avoid misunderstandings.
• 🔄 The receiver can become a sender by encoding a new message, illustrating the dynamic and reciprocal nature of communication.
• 😯 Non-verbal cues can also communicate confusion or understanding, showing that communication is not limited to verbal exchanges.
• 👥 Noise can interrupt communication, such as external sounds or environmental factors, which can hinder the clarity of the message.
• 👂 Channels refer to the medium through which messages are transmitted, like voice for a public speaker and hearing for the audience.
• 📣 The speaker's channel is audio, specifically the spoken word, while the receiver's channel is also audio but focused on hearing the message.
• 👤 Communication can be adapted for different audiences, such as providing an assistant for non-hearing individuals to decode the message.
• 🔗 The model demonstrates that communication is a continuous process involving encoding, decoding, and feedback.
• 🌐 The Transactional Model is a foundational theory in communication studies, applicable to various contexts including public speaking.

Q & A

What is the Transactional Model in communication?

The Transactional Model in communication is a core theory that describes the process where a message is sent from a sender to a receiver, decoded, and then a response is encoded and sent back, making the receiver a sender and vice versa.

Who are the two main participants in the Transactional Model?

The two main participants in the Transactional Model are the sender, who initiates the communication by encoding a message, and the receiver, who decodes the message and potentially responds.

What is the process of encoding in the context of the Transactional Model?

Encoding in the Transactional Model refers to the process where the sender translates their thoughts or information into a message that can be sent to the receiver.

What is decoding in the Transactional Model?

Decoding in the Transactional Model is the process where the receiver interprets the message sent by the sender, turning the encoded message back into a comprehensible form.

How can the roles of sender and receiver change in the Transactional Model?

In the Transactional Model, the roles can change dynamically. Once the receiver decodes the message and responds, they effectively become the sender, and the original sender becomes the receiver of the new message.

What is the role of non-verbal communication in the Transactional Model?

Non-verbal communication plays a significant role as it can convey messages through facial expressions, body language, and other non-spoken cues, which can be decoded by the receiver as part of the communication process.

What is meant by 'noise' in the context of the Transactional Model?

In the Transactional Model, 'noise' refers to any distraction or interference that can disrupt the communication process, such as external sounds, environmental conditions, or visual distractions.

Can you provide an example of noise that could interrupt a public speaker?

Examples of noise that could interrupt a public speaker include someone coughing, a sudden sneeze, or the room temperature being too hot or cold, all of which can distract the audience and interfere with the message being communicated.

How are channels used in the Transactional Model?

Channels in the Transactional Model are the means through which messages are transmitted. For instance, in public speaking, the channel for the speaker is their voice (audio), and for the receiver, it is their hearing (also audio).

What happens if the receiver is non-hearing in the context of the Transactional Model?

If the receiver is non-hearing, an assistant or interpreter may decode the spoken message for them, effectively becoming the channel through which the non-hearing receiver understands the communication.

How does the Transactional Model account for message misunderstandings?

The Transactional Model accounts for misunderstandings through the feedback loop where the receiver's confusion or lack of understanding can be non-verbally communicated back to the sender, prompting a need for clarification or rephrasing of the message.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Transactional Model of Communication

The first paragraph introduces the Transactional Model as a fundamental theory in communication. It describes communication as a two-way process involving a sender who encodes a message and a receiver who decodes it. The sender and receiver can switch roles, emphasizing the interactive nature of communication. Non-verbal cues, such as facial expressions, are also considered part of the message. The paragraph also explains how external factors, referred to as 'noise,' can disrupt the communication process. Channels of communication, like the speaker's voice and the audience's hearing, are highlighted as essential for message transmission. The need for an intermediary, such as an assistant for a deaf audience member, to decode the message for them is also discussed.

Keywords

💡Transactional Model

The 'Transactional Model' is the central theory discussed in the video, which refers to the interactive process of communication involving the exchange of messages between a sender and a receiver. It is integral to understanding the dynamics of communication as it highlights the reciprocal nature of message encoding and decoding. In the script, the model is illustrated through the roles of sender and receiver, emphasizing the iterative process of communication where the receiver becomes a sender and vice versa.

💡Sender

A 'Sender' in the context of the video is the individual who initiates communication by encoding a message intended for another party. The sender's role is crucial as it sets the foundation for the communication process. The script mentions the sender as the one who sends a message to the receiver, highlighting the beginning of the transactional communication cycle.

💡Receiver

The 'Receiver' is the person who receives and decodes the message sent by the sender. Their role is pivotal as they interpret the message and respond, thus continuing the communication process. The script describes the receiver's task of decoding and then re-encoding a response, which may be verbal or non-verbal, demonstrating their active participation in the transactional model.

💡Encode

To 'Encode' in the video script refers to the process of transforming thoughts or information into a message that can be transmitted to another party. It is a critical step in the transactional model as it involves the sender's creation of the message. The script illustrates encoding when it explains that the sender must encode the message before sending it to the receiver.

💡Decode

'Decode' is the act of interpreting and understanding the message received. It is the receiver's counterpart to the sender's encoding process. The script describes the receiver's decoding as a necessary step to comprehend the sender's message, which may then lead to the receiver re-encoding a response.

💡Message

A 'Message' is the content or information being communicated from the sender to the receiver. It is the core element in the transactional model, representing what is being encoded and decoded. The script uses the term to describe both the initial communication from the sender and the subsequent responses from the receiver, including non-verbal cues of confusion.

💡Non-verbal Communication

Non-verbal communication encompasses all forms of communication other than the spoken or written word. In the script, it is exemplified by the receiver's facial expressions, which can convey confusion or understanding without the need for verbal exchange. This highlights the importance of non-verbal cues in the transactional model of communication.

💡Noise

'Noise' in the context of the video refers to any interruption or distraction that can interfere with the communication process. It can be external, such as sounds from outside the classroom, or internal, such as the temperature of the room or the attire of the speaker. The script explains how noise can disrupt the clarity of messages being sent, received, decoded, and encoded.

💡Channel

A 'Channel' is the medium through which a message is transmitted. In the script, the channel for a public speaker is their voice, which is an audio channel intended for the audience's hearing. The concept of channels is important in the transactional model as it represents the pathway of communication, whether it be auditory, visual, or other sensory modalities.

💡Public Speaking

Public speaking is mentioned in the script as a specific context where the transactional model of communication is applied. It involves a speaker addressing an audience and is subject to potential interruptions or 'noise.' The script uses public speaking to illustrate the practical application of the transactional model in a real-world scenario.

💡Deaf

The term 'Deaf' is used in the script to describe individuals with hearing impairments. It is relevant to the transactional model as it shows the need for alternative methods of encoding and decoding messages for those who cannot process auditory information. The script mentions the role of an assistant who decodes the message for deaf audience members, demonstrating the adaptability of the communication process.

Highlights

Transactional Model is a core theory of communication.

Transactional means something is going in between two parties.

The sender encodes a message to send to the receiver.

The receiver decodes the message received from the sender.

The receiver can become a sender-encoder after decoding the message.

The sender can become a receiver-decoder when receiving feedback.

Messages can be sent verbally or non-verbally.

Non-verbal communication can be seen in facial expressions.

Interruptions like coughing or sneezing are considered noise.

Noise can come from external distractions or the environment.

Noise can interfere with the message encoding and decoding process.

Channels are the means through which messages are transferred.

Voice is an audio channel for public speaking.

Hearing is the audio channel for the receiver to decode the message.

For non-hearing individuals, an assistant can decode the message.

The transactional model demonstrates the dynamic nature of communication.

The model shows how roles can switch between sender and receiver.

Understanding the transactional model is key to effective communication.

Transcripts

Today's lesson is on the Transactional Model. The transactional

model in communication is a core theory of communications. So let me show you how

it works. Transactional means that something is

going in between. So here's one person, and we're going to draw our other person.

First, this person can be identified as the sender. So the sender is

going to send a message to whom we will call the receiver.

Now once the sender sends the message to the receiver, the receiver has to do

something with that message. They have to decode, so the receiver decodes the message.

The message which means that the sender had to encode the message. So once

the receiver receives the message and decodes it, they then encode a new

message, and send it back to the receiver. In fact our receiver decoder can

become a sender-encoder. That's important.

And thus making the sender-encoder a receiver-decoder. Now what they're

sending are messages. some messages will just say right here. This encoder is

speaking. And this initial receiver is listening. However the receiver can send

information back even non-verbally. So let's say, this receiver is listening and

doesn't quite understand what the sender is saying. Once the receiver decodes the

message and offers like says they're confused, it will show in their face. And

so the message that is being received is a non-verbal communicative message. So we

want to put right here "message". Now sometimes, especially in public speaking,

we can be interrupted. We can be interrupted by someone coughing; we could

be interrupted by a person who doesn't understand what you're saying.

Anything that creates a distraction is called noise. You can hear noise from outside

the classroom, or somebody could sneeze, right? To say sneeze and that can be

noise. Also if the room is too hot, if it's too cold, if the speaker the sender

is wearing something really loud and obnoxious or just not that awesome, all

of those things are added noise, and noise can interfere with the messages that

we're sending, receiving, decoding, and encoding. Also you want to think about

messages as transferable through channels. So one channel for the

public speaker is the voice, right? So his channel is audio, and the receivers

channel is also audio, but it's not the spoken word, it's the hearing, right? So

they are hearing the message. And we know with spoken word that it is meant to be heard.

If the receiver is non hearing, then the message they receive will be

decoded by another person. So if you have a deaf member in the audience then

the deaf member will have an assistant who is decoding the message for that

receiver or the non hearing receivers. That's your basic transactional model.