"O FASCISMO É COISA DO PASSADO" | A HISTÓRIA DO INTEGRALISMO NO BRASIL | ERA UMA VEZ NO BRASIL 2

Summary

The script explores the history of Brazilian fascism, tracing its roots to the Integralism movement founded by Plínio Salgado in 1932, influenced by Italian Fascism. It discusses the movement's growth, suppression under Vargas' Estado Novo, and resurgence in modern Brazilian politics, highlighting its enduring impact on the country's political landscape.

Takeaways

• 🔥 On December 24, 2019, the headquarters of the production company Porta dos Fundos was attacked with Molotov cocktails, with three hooded men claiming responsibility in a video posted on social media.
• 🌟 The attackers claimed to be part of the 'Revolutionary Direct Action', targeting what they saw as blasphemous, bourgeois, and unpatriotic behavior, specifically a satirical Christmas special portraying Jesus as homosexual.
• 📚 One of the attackers was later arrested in Russia and extradited to Brazil, where he was tried for terrorism. Books by Plínio Salgado and Olavo de Carvalho were found in his possession, revealing his affiliation with the neo-fascist Brazilian Integralist Front.
• 🌐 The script traces the origins of Brazilian fascism back to the Integralism movement, officially founded in 1932 with the creation of the Brazilian Integralist Action (AIB), which has influenced various governments and sectors of society over nearly a century.
• 🤔 The founder of AIB, Plínio Salgado, was inspired by Italian Fascism, meeting with Mussolini in 1930 and later incorporating fascist principles into his political movement in Brazil.
• 🏛 The Integralist movement in Brazil was characterized by its authoritarianism, ultranationalism, and a hierarchical social order, advocating for a society organized by a totalitarian single-party state.
• 🏢 The AIB had a significant presence in Brazilian politics, electing mayors, state deputies, and city councilors, and even fielding a presidential candidate in 1938, until it was suppressed by Getúlio Vargas' Estado Novo regime.
• 💔 The script highlights the Integralist movement's complex stance on race, promoting a pro-miscegenation narrative while simultaneously supporting whitening and European dominance, and its strategic inclusion of black militants and women in the movement.
• 📉 Despite its initial success, the Brazilian Integralist movement declined in popularity, with Plínio Salgado's later political ventures failing to achieve significant electoral support.
• 🔄 The legacy of Integralism has persisted in various forms in Brazilian politics, with elements of its ideology resurfacing in modern political movements and figures, including Jair Bolsonaro's presidency.

Q & A

What event occurred at the headquarters of Porta dos Fundos on December 24, 2019?

The headquarters of Porta dos Fundos was targeted in an attack using Molotov cocktails on December 24, 2019.

What was the motive behind the attack on Porta dos Fundos, according to the attackers?

The attackers claimed the motive was the satirical Christmas special released by Porta dos Fundos, which portrayed Jesus as homosexual, and they sought to address what they perceived as a blasphemous, bourgeois, and unpatriotic attitude.

Which group claimed responsibility for the attack on Porta dos Fundos?

Three masked men wearing green shirts claimed responsibility for the attack in a video posted on social media, stating they were part of the 'Ação Direta Revolucionária' (Revolutionary Direct Action).

What was the connection between the arrested man and the Integralist movement in Brazil?

The arrested man was a member of the Frente Integralista Brasileira, a neofascist political movement, and was found with books by Plínio Salgado and Olavo de Carvalho, indicating a connection to the Integralist movement.

What is the history of the Integralist movement in Brazil?

The Integralist movement in Brazil, officially created in 1932 with the foundation of the Ação Integralista Brasileira, has its roots in the Fascism that emerged in Italy after World War I and has influenced various governments and sectors of Brazilian society for almost a century.

What were the main characteristics of the Fascist movement that influenced the Integralist movement in Brazil?

The Fascist movement characterized by authoritarianism as opposed to democracy and ultranationalism in opposition to liberalism, advocating for a society organized by a totalitarian single-party state.

What was the significance of the 'sigma' emblem in the Integralist movement?

The 'sigma' was the emblem of the Integralist movement, used as a symbol similar to the fasces used by Mussolini, and was displayed on various items associated with the movement.

How did the Integralist movement adapt its ideology to Brazilian society?

The Integralist movement adapted its ideology by incorporating Brazilian particularities, such as promoting a racial democracy and miscegenation, rather than advocating for a pure race as in Europe, and by creating its own rituals and symbols.

What was the political impact of the Integralist movement in Brazil during its early years?

In its early years, the Integralist movement had a significant political impact, electing 20 mayors, 4 state deputies, and approximately 500 councilors, and obtaining around 250,000 votes nationwide, representing more than 10% of the national electorate.

How did Getúlio Vargas' rise to power affect the Integralist movement?

Getúlio Vargas' rise to power and the establishment of the Estado Novo (New State) dictatorship led to the extinction of all political parties, including the Integralist movement's AIB, and the imprisonment of many of its members, effectively neutralizing the movement.

What is the relationship between the modern-day Bolsonarismo and the historical Integralist movement?

While Bolsonarismo shares some characteristics with the Integralist movement, such as a strong presence of religious and conservative discourse, it also has distinct features, including a neoliberal approach that differs from the anti-liberal stance of Fascism. It is not a direct continuation but rather an evolution of right-wing ideologies.