THIRD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS | Simple & Basic Animation
Summary
TLDRIn this educational video, Earthbed explores the third law of thermodynamics, which asserts that entropy approaches a minimum as temperature nears absolute zero. Entropy, the disorder within a system, is illustrated using a shaken bottle of coke. The law implies that all substances with temperatures above absolute zero possess positive entropy and require energy to increase their temperature, quantified by specific heat capacity. The video concludes with the intriguing fact about pyrochlore, a material that exhibits magnetic randomness at absolute zero, showcasing unique properties.
Takeaways
- 🌡️ The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that as the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, its entropy approaches a minimum constant value.
- 🔍 Entropy is a measure of disorder and randomness within a system, which increases when kinetic energy is introduced, like shaking a bottle of carbonated drink.
- 🧊 When a pure crystal is cooled down to near absolute zero, it becomes highly organized, and its entropy approaches zero, indicating an increase in order.
- ❄️ Absolute zero is the theoretical point where a substance's entropy is at its minimum, and it cannot be cooled further.
- 🌡️ Entropy is always positive for substances at temperatures above absolute zero, as they always possess some degree of disorder.
- 🔥 Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Kelvin, varying between different materials.
- 🛠️ The equation for calculating the energy required to change the temperature of a substance is q = mcΔT, where q is the energy, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
- 🌟 The Third Law implies that substances need energy to increase their temperature, which is related to their specific heat capacity.
- 🪵 An example given in the script is that warming a wooden glass takes more time than an aluminum glass due to aluminum's superior conductivity.
- 🧲 A fun fact mentioned is the discovery of an object, pin ice, which reaches a point where it can't get any colder, retaining its atomic magnetic moments in a random state at absolute zero.
- 📚 The script aims to make learning about thermodynamics easy and accessible, emphasizing the importance of understanding entropy and specific heat capacity.
Q & A
What is the Third Law of Thermodynamics?
-The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that as the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a system approaches a minimum constant value.
What is entropy and why is it significant in the context of the Third Law?
-Entropy is a measure of the disorder and randomness within a system. It is significant because the Third Law implies that entropy approaches zero as a system reaches absolute zero, indicating a state of high organization.
Can you give an example to illustrate the concept of entropy?
-An example of entropy is a bottle of carbonated drink. When the bottle is shaken, the kinetic energy increases, leading to the formation of bubbles, which represents an increase in disorder and randomness, or entropy.
What does it mean for a substance to have a positive amount of entropy when its temperature is greater than absolute zero?
-It means that any substance above absolute zero will always have some level of disorder or randomness, and thus a positive entropy value, indicating it is not in a perfectly organized state.
What is specific heat capacity and how is it related to the energy required to change a substance's temperature?
-Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one Kelvin. It is directly related to the energy required to change a substance's temperature, as indicated by the equation q = mcΔT.
What is the formula for calculating the energy required to change the temperature of a substance?
-The formula for calculating the energy required is q = mcΔT, where q is the energy, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
Why does it take more time to warm a wooden glass compared to an aluminum glass?
-It takes more time to warm a wooden glass because wood has a lower specific heat capacity than aluminum, making it a poorer conductor of heat.
What is the fun fact mentioned in the script about an object that can't get any colder?
-The fun fact is about 'pin ice', an object that has been discovered to reach a point where it can't get any colder. Its atomic magnetic moments remain random at absolute zero, giving it unique properties.
What properties does pin ice hold that most substances do not have?
-Pin ice holds unique properties due to its atomic magnetic moments remaining random at absolute zero, which is not common for most substances.
What is the educational channel's name mentioned in the script?
-The educational channel's name mentioned in the script is 'Earthbed'.
Outlines
🌡️ Introduction to the Third Law of Thermodynamics
This paragraph introduces the topic of the third law of thermodynamics, explaining it as a principle that states the entropy of a system approaches a minimum value as the temperature nears absolute zero. It aims to simplify a complex concept by relating entropy to the disorder and randomness within a system, using the example of a shaken bottle of carbonated drink to illustrate the point. The paragraph also touches on the concept of specific heat capacity and how different materials require different amounts of energy to change their temperature.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Third Law of Thermodynamics
💡Entropy
💡Absolute Zero
💡Pure Crystal
💡Specific Heat Capacity
💡Energy
💡Kinetic Energy
💡Order
💡Magnetic Moments
💡Pin Ice
Highlights
Introduction to the third law of thermodynamics
Definition of entropy as a measure of disorder and randomness
Illustration of entropy with a shaken bottle of carbonated drink
Explanation of how kinetic energy increases entropy
The third law's assertion that entropy approaches a minimum at absolute zero
Description of a pure crystal's organization at absolute zero
Implication that substances above absolute zero possess positive entropy
Introduction of specific heat capacity and its role in temperature change
Explanation of the energy required to raise the temperature of a substance
Comparison of warming times for wooden and aluminum glasses
Introduction of the equation q = mcΔt for energy calculation
Definition of the terms in the energy equation: q, m, c, and Δt
Fun fact about pin ice reaching a point where it can't get any colder
Mention of pin ice's atomic magnetic moments remaining random at absolute zero
Pin ice's unique properties compared to most substances
Closing remarks encouraging learning and wishing the audience a nice day
Transcripts
[Music]
earthbed
[Music]
good day learners this is earthband
let us talk about the third law of
thermodynamics
third law of thermodynamics states that
as temperature approaches
absolute zero the entropy of a system
approaches a constant minimum pretty
confusing right
now let's make it simple for you
but first let's recall what entropy
is
[Music]
entropy is the measure of disorder and
randomness of a system
for better illustration take for example
is the bottle of carbonated tray when
you shake it
you can see bubbles forming at the top
surface
and when you open it the bottle of coke
explodes
and forms a lot of bubbles this
is entropy
the bottle of coke at rest have a very
low entropy
but the moment you shake it you have
introduced
kinetic energy in the molecules inside
the bottle
increasing the disorder and randomness
of the molecules
the third law states that when a pure
crystal is cooled approaching absolute
zero
it becomes highly organized entropy
approaches to 0.
this means that any substance with
temperature
greater than absolute zero must have
a positive amount of entropy
also it indicates that a material or
substance
requires certain amount of energy to
raise
their temperature this is called
specific kit capacity
the energy requirement of one kilogram
substance
to raise its temperature by one kelvin
for example it will take more time
to warm a wooden glass than an aluminum
glass
because aluminum is a better conductor
than wood
and to find how much energy is required
we use this equation q
is equal to m c delta t
where q means energy lost or gained
a means mass c means specific heat
capacity
and delta t means change in temperature
so that's it before we end the video
let's have a fun fact
did you know that researchers discovered
an object
which eventually reached a point where
it can't get
any colder this is pin ice
in which its atomic magnetic moments
remain
random on its absolute zero
and this makes it hold properties that
most
things than such as magnetic balls
amazing right and that is all for now
i hope you learned something from us
today once again
this is earth pen learning has never
been this easy
for anyone anywhere have a nice day
you
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