SEJARAH KEPERAWATAN KOMUNITAS

Summary

The video discusses the history of community nursing, both globally and in Indonesia. It covers the four key stages of development in community nursing, starting from early religious-driven care to the establishment of community health nursing. The script explores the evolution of community health nursing worldwide, touching on public health efforts and shifting paradigms towards more targeted, group-focused care. It then moves on to the history of community nursing in Indonesia, detailing the progression from disease outbreaks in the early 20th century to the establishment of Puskesmas and the integration of modern nursing policies.

Takeaways

• 😀 Community nursing has a long history, beginning with religious groups providing care for marginalized populations before the 1800s.
• 😀 Florence Nightingale played a key role in developing community nursing, emphasizing health care in the environment and community.
• 😀 The public health nursing phase, which started in the 1900s, shifted the focus from individual care to broader community health and well-being.
• 😀 From 1976 onwards, community health nursing became more inclusive, addressing specific groups like pregnant women, children, the elderly, and those with chronic diseases.
• 😀 In Indonesia, the development of community nursing began with addressing health issues like smallpox and cholera during the Dutch colonial era.
• 😀 The establishment of Puskesmas (Community Health Centers) in 1968 marked a significant milestone in the development of community nursing in Indonesia.
• 😀 Perkesmas (Community Health Nursing Program) became an essential part of Puskesmas, starting in the 1970s, focusing on public health and wellness.
• 😀 From 1983 to 2004, Puskesmas expanded its services to include maternal and child health, family planning, and nutrition programs.
• 😀 In 2006, Perkesmas was integrated into the primary health care programs, continuing its role in improving the nation’s health.
• 😀 The introduction of the 'Indonesia Sehat' program and family-centered health policies in recent years highlights the increasing importance of community health nursing in national health strategies.

Q & A

What are the four stages in the development of community nursing globally?

The four stages are: 1) Home Care Nursing Stage, 2) District Nursing Stage, 3) Public Health Nursing Stage, and 4) Community Health Nursing Stage.

What was the primary focus of the Home Care Nursing Stage?

The primary focus was on helping marginalized or poor people with health issues, often through home visits by religious groups or charitable organizations.

What significant event marked the end of the Home Care Nursing Stage?

The stage ended with the emergence of Florence Nightingale, who played a pivotal role in shaping modern nursing practices.

What was a key feature of the District Nursing Stage?

During this stage, there was a focus on improving environmental health and sanitation in communities, largely influenced by Florence Nightingale's work.

How did the focus of nursing shift during the Public Health Nursing Stage?

Nursing shifted from focusing primarily on marginalized and poor populations to considering the health and well-being of the broader population, with a more holistic approach to family and community health.

What marks the difference between Public Health Nursing and Community Health Nursing?

Community Health Nursing, which began in 1976, expanded the definition of 'community' beyond geographic areas to include specific groups such as correctional facilities, elderly homes, and schools. It also emphasized group-based care, such as for pregnant women, children, and those with chronic diseases.

What is the primary approach in Community Health Nursing compared to earlier stages?

The primary approach in Community Health Nursing is more preventative and focused on promoting health, rather than just curing illness, and it emphasizes group-based care for specific populations.

What historical event influenced the development of community nursing in Indonesia?

The development of community nursing in Indonesia was influenced by the outbreak of diseases like smallpox and cholera in the early 20th century, leading to government interventions focused on sanitation and health.

How did the introduction of Puskesmas in 1968 impact community nursing in Indonesia?

The introduction of Puskesmas marked a significant step in community health in Indonesia, with the development of nursing programs that focused on public health services, including maternal and child health, family planning, and nutrition.

What is the concept of 'Indonesia Sehat' introduced in 2014, and how does it relate to community nursing?

'Indonesia Sehat' is a health initiative focusing on family-based health approaches. It aligns with the principles of community nursing by emphasizing preventive care and the integration of nursing services within family and community structures.