Our History Is the Future Lakota Historian Nick Estes on Indigenous Resistance to Climate Change
Summary
TLDRIn this Democracy Now interview, Nick Estes, author of 'Our History is the Future', discusses the history of Indigenous resistance, focusing on the fight against the Dakota Access Pipeline. Estes, a Lower Brule Sioux Tribe citizen, highlights the connection between past genocides and current environmental struggles, emphasizing the need to move beyond capitalism to address climate change. He also addresses the Dakota Access Pipeline's leaks and the Trump administration's impact on Indigenous nations, stressing the importance of treaty rights and global solidarity in the resistance movement.
Takeaways
- 📚 Nick Estes, author of 'Our History is the Future', discusses the history of Indigenous resistance over two centuries.
- 🌐 The book connects the fight against the Dakota Access Pipeline at Standing Rock to broader themes of Indigenous liberation and climate change.
- 🤝 Estes highlights the importance of solidarity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities in the fight for environmental justice.
- 💧 The Dakota Access Pipeline was rerouted to disproportionately affect the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, raising questions about environmental racism.
- 🌎 Estes argues that capitalism is a driving force behind climate change and that a transition to sustainable economies must occur.
- 🚨 The script describes an incident where police violence was used against peaceful water protectors during a prayer march at a shopping mall.
- 🌾 The script contrasts the historical genocide of Indigenous peoples with contemporary struggles against environmental exploitation.
- 🌿 Estes discusses the concept of 'unthanksgiving' feasts as a form of resistance and a celebration of Indigenous culture and resilience.
- 🔥 The script mentions the numerous leaks in the Dakota Access Pipeline, contradicting claims by the Wells Fargo CEO that there were no leaks.
- 🌍 Estes emphasizes the global impact of pipelines and fossil fuel extraction, connecting local struggles to international geopolitics and imperialism.
Q & A
What is the main theme of Nick Estes' book 'Our History is the Future'?
-The book tells the history of indigenous resistance over two centuries, offering a roadmap for collective liberation and guidance for combating climate change, with a focus on the fight against the Dakota Access Pipeline at Standing Rock.
How does Nick Estes link the past and present struggles of indigenous people?
-Estes contrasts the Pequot massacre, which he sees as the beginning of the United States' settler colonial history founded on genocide, with the contemporary fight against the Dakota Access Pipeline, showing a continuous history of resistance.
What was the situation in Bismarck, North Dakota during the Thanksgiving weekend mentioned in the script?
-During the Thanksgiving weekend, there was an 'Unthanksgiving' feast held in the camps at Standing Rock, which was the highest point of gathering for water protectors, indicating a significant moment of unity and resistance.
What was the original route of the Dakota Access Pipeline, and why was it changed?
-The original route was supposed to go upriver from Bismarck, North Dakota, but it was rerouted downriver to disproportionately affect the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe.
How does Nick Estes view the system of capitalism in relation to climate change?
-Estes argues that capitalism is the root cause of the climate crisis, as it designates certain populations and territories as disposable, leading to global climate change. He suggests that transitioning away from a carbon economy is not enough; we must also move away from capitalist economies.
What was the response of Wells Fargo CEO Timothy Sloan when questioned about the bank's role in climate change and the Dakota Access Pipeline?
-Timothy Sloan claimed he was not aware of any damages caused by climate change due to the financing of fossil fuels or any leaks associated with the Dakota Access Pipeline.
How many leaks have there been with the Dakota Access Pipeline since it started operating?
-There have been at least six known leaks with the Dakota Access Pipeline since it began transporting oil in 2017.
What is the significance of the Keystone Pipeline leak mentioned in the script?
-The Keystone Pipeline leak, which released over half a million gallons of oil, highlights the environmental risks of pipelines and the inadequacy of emergency responses to such incidents.
How does Nick Estes connect the struggle against pipelines to a broader global context?
-Estes connects pipeline struggles to imperial projects and the global south bearing the brunt of climate change, as well as the United States' political maneuvers, such as the boycott of Venezuelan oil.
What was President Trump's stance on the Dakota Access and Keystone XL pipelines after his inauguration?
-President Trump signed presidential memorandums to revive the construction of both the Dakota Access and Keystone XL pipelines, which had been halted by the Obama administration due to resistance from indigenous and environmental groups.
What historical moments of resistance does Nick Estes highlight in his book?
-Estes focuses on seven historical moments, including the fur trade and Lewis and Clark's invasion, the Indian Wars and buffalo genocide, the damming of the Missouri River, Red Power movement in the 1960s and 1970s, and the creation of the International Indian Treaty Council at Standing Rock in 1974.
Outlines
📚 Indigenous Resistance and Climate Change
Nick Estes, author of 'Our History is the Future', discusses the history of Indigenous resistance, focusing on the fight against the Dakota Access Pipeline at Standing Rock. Estes, a member of the Lower Brule Sioux Tribe, contrasts the past and present, highlighting the continuous struggle against settler colonialism and environmental threats. He emphasizes the disproportionate impact of environmental risks on Indigenous communities and the importance of collective liberation and fighting climate change.
🌎 Capitalism and Environmental Injustice
Estes links capitalism to climate change and environmental injustice, arguing that the system itself is the root cause of the crisis. He points out that Indigenous nations in the United States are treated as resource colonies, exploited for oil and gas, and bear the brunt of environmental damage. Estes also discusses the Dakota Access Pipeline's leaks and the inadequacy of industry responses, stressing that the risks and costs are externalized onto the public. He calls for a transition beyond capitalism to address climate change and protect Indigenous rights.
🔗 Geopolitics of Oil and Indigenous Resistance
The conversation turns to the geopolitical implications of oil extraction and transportation, with Estes drawing parallels between the Trump administration's efforts to overthrow the Venezuelan government and the North American oil boom's impact on global oil prices. He emphasizes the interconnectedness of pipeline struggles and the need to view them within a global context, affecting not only Indigenous communities but also people worldwide.
🚨 Criminalization of Indigenous Activism
Estes discusses the Trump administration's policies, which have intensified oil and gas extraction, leading to the sale of Indigenous and public lands at low prices. He addresses the criminalization of Indigenous activists, particularly those protesting pipelines, and the importance of treaty rights in protecting land and water. Estes highlights the growing alliance between Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities in the fight for environmental justice.
🌿 Standing Rock and the Vision for Indigenous Justice
Estes recounts the history of resistance leading up to Standing Rock, from the fur trade to the Red Power movement, and the creation of the International Indian Treaty Council. He reflects on the camps at Standing Rock as a model for a society centered on Indigenous justice and treaty rights, where resources were distributed according to need rather than profit. Estes sees this as a hopeful sign of resistance movements that include non-Indigenous peoples, emphasizing the strength of relationality and solidarity.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Indigenous Resistance
💡Settler Colonialism
💡Dakota Access Pipeline
💡Water Protectors
💡Climate Change
💡Capitalism
💡Resource Colonies
💡Treaty Rights
💡Environmental Justice
💡Extractive Industries
💡Solidarity
Highlights
Nick Estes discusses the history of Indigenous resistance and its connection to modern environmental activism.
Estes' book begins with the Pequot Massacre, illustrating the settler colonial roots of the United States.
The contrast between past genocide and present fights against pipelines like Dakota Access is highlighted.
The disproportionate environmental risk faced by Indigenous communities is emphasized.
Estes describes an unthanksgiving feast at Standing Rock, showing solidarity among water protectors.
The book calls for the emancipation of the Earth from capitalism due to its role in climate change.
Estes argues that capitalism is the root cause of environmental crises and social inequalities.
Indigenous nations are treated as resource colonies within the United States.
The sixth mass extinction event is linked to capitalist systems.
Wells Fargo CEO questioned on the bank's role in financing fossil fuels and climate change.
Estes clarifies the misinformation regarding the Dakota Access Pipeline's leaks.
Pipeline leaks often go unnoticed for hours, contradicting industry claims of rapid response.
The Keystone Pipeline leak caused significant environmental damage, highlighting the risks of oil transportation.
Estes discusses the global geopolitical context of pipeline struggles and their impact on Indigenous communities.
The resistance to pipelines is growing, with Indigenous rights at the forefront of the movement.
Estes explains the significance of the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty in the context of pipeline resistance.
The growing alliance between Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities in the fight for environmental justice.
Estes outlines seven historical moments of resistance that form a roadmap for collective liberation.
The Standing Rock movement is connected to international solidarity with other Indigenous peoples.
Estes reflects on the temporary world created at Standing Rock, premised on Indigenous justice and treaty rights.
Transcripts
[Music]
this is democracy now
democracynow.org the war and peace
report i'm amy goodman as we continue
our conversation with nick estes author
of our history is the future the new
book tells the history of indigenous
resistance over two centuries offering a
road map for collective liberation and a
guide to fighting life-threatening
climate change estes centers this
history in the historic fight against
the dakota access pipeline at standing
rock nick estes is assistant professor
of american studies at the university of
new mexico and co-founder of the
indigenous resistance group the red
nation he's a citizen of the lower rural
sioux tribe
nick thanks so much for staying with us
for part two of the conversation you
um
begin your book with two thanksgiving
stories
tell us each
so the first thanksgiving story is
begins with the pequot massacre
by
members of the
massachusetts bay
colony
which really marks sort of in my opinion
mark's sort of the the mythology of the
united states as a settler colonial
country founded um on sort of genocide
to create ironically peace
and then i begin with another story of
a prayer march that we led in the
bismarck mall in bismarck north dakota
to kind of bring attention to
the standing rock struggle during a
black friday shopping event
which was met by
police armed with ar-15s who then began
punching and kicking water protectors
who were holding a prayer in
the bismarck mall and i thought it was a
really kind of um jarring sort of
contrast between
um you know the past and the present to
say that while there are sort of
differences
between the the massacre of pequots in
um in in massachusetts
to the contemporary sort of fight
against an oil pipeline
nonetheless you know bismarck
north dakota is a 90
white community
that originally the dakota access
pipeline was supposed to go up river
from but then was rerouted down river
to disproportionately affect the
standing rock sioux tribe and
disproportionate is the language that
the army corps of engineers use as if
there's ever a proportionate risk to
environmental
issues and
water contamination
so at this particular moment
there weren't any actions that were
happening in the camps and it was
largely at a standstill and i think at
that thanksgiving weekend there was an
unthanksgiving um feast that was held in
the in the camps and it was actually the
the highest point
of the camps themselves in the sense
that they were the most sort of water
protectors had showed up so i thought it
was a good kind of
um contrast to show that this history
you know is a continuing history of of
genocide
of settler colonialism and basically the
the founding myths of this country
your book's last words are we're
challenged not just to imagine but to
demand the emancipation uh of earth from
capital for the earth to live capitalism
must die explain
so that line is
part of you know this longer section on
liberation and i think
when we think about
climate change oftentimes the the
question of climate change really
centers on
market-driven solutions such as um you
know green capitalism and how do we um
create markets um that sort of
incentivize transition to
uh sustainable economies right and i
think really what we're we're kind of
like beating around the bushes is that
it's the system of capitalism that led
us into this economic crisis to begin
with it's the
the uh sort of designation of certain
populations in certain territories as
disposable
um that has led us into our current
epoch of of global climate change and so
when we talk about
who's going to bear the most burden
um when we transition you know out of
the carbon economy um it
most likely is going to be those
populations that have historically been
colonized you know and you know what's
happening in southeast
africa is a perfect example
of why we need to transition away from
not just
the carbon economy but capitalist
economies in general because if we look
at the history of how africa has been a
resource colony for europe and for north
america we can look internally in the
united states and understand that
indigenous nations continue to serve as
resource colonies for the united states
whether it's the navajo nation
where i'm living right now
that is producing oil and coal
to
generate electricity for the southwest
region or whether it's the fort berthold
reservation up in north dakota that is
you know the ground zero for um oil and
gas
development in the bakken region
we have to understand that indigenous
nations have largely been turned into
resource colonies uh and sites of
sacrifice for um not just the united
states but for the oil and gas industry
and so we need to not just think beyond
climate change and and putting um carbon
into the atmosphere but we actually need
to think about the system the social
system right that created those
conditions in the first in the first
place and so capitalism is fundamentally
a social relation it's a profit-driven
system whereas indigenous sort of
ways of relating is one about
reciprocity um and mutual sort of
respect not just with the human but also
with the non-human world and we're
undergoing you know the sixth maths um
sixth massive extinction event which is
caused by not just climate change but is
caused by um capitalist sort of systems
and the the
the um
the profit driven sort of motive of
um our current economic and social
system nick last week democratic
lawmakers grilled wells fargo ceo
timothy sloan over the bank practices of
predatory lending misleading and
defrauding customers and its
relationship to the nra private prisons
and the fossil fuel industry this is new
york congressmember alexandria
ocasio-cortez questioning sloan over the
bank's role in climate change and its
financial backing of the dakota access
pipeline which she noted has leaked at
least five times since it started
transporting oil in 2017.
this is
be asap responsible for the damages
incurred by climate change due to the
financing of fossil fuels and and these
projects i don't know how you'd
calculate that congresswoman i'm safe
from spills or when we have to reinvest
in infrastructure building sea walls
from the
erosion of
from the erosion of infrastructure or
cleanups wildfires etc
related to that pipeline i'm not aware
that there's been any of what you
described that's occurred how about the
cleanups from the leaks of the dakota
access pipeline i'm not aware of the
leaks associated with the dakota access
pipeline
so that is wells fargo ceo timothy sloan
um
nick estes can you illuminate us on the
leaks around the dakota access pipeline
since um uh the energy transfer partners
succeeded in having it completely built
including digging under the missouri
river the longest river in north america
right so there have been six leaks there
was actually a leak when
before the the pipeline was actually
finished and they you know they have to
put oil in it before it's you know
before it's even finished so there's oil
sitting in it that started leaking right
and since the dakota access pipeline has
been built there have been six or more
leaks six that we know about
um but we can look at the keystone
pipeline that was built in not the
keystone xl but the keystone pipeline
that was built in the eastern half of
north dakota and south dakota
and it it leaked over half a million
gallons
just outside the sisidan wahpeton
reservation in eastern south in
northeastern south dakota and that alone
um has the the the environmental damage
to the land has not been sort of
adequately assessed
and partially that has to do with you
know the fact that there wasn't a
a clean up response an emergency clean
up response that was um on site that
could deal with it i think it was
reported and it took several
hours for
you know the emergency um
management to uh sort of um
address it and so if when we talk about
pipeline leaks oftentimes industries
is kind of peddling this myth that they
will be you know responsive and they
will be they will be there within
minutes of a pipeline leak and
oftentimes these leaks go on for hours
you know eight hours sometimes um
without even notice and we don't even
know the minor leaks that are happening
in the oil pipelines and so
not only do pipelines leak you know it's
it's it's how they're transported in the
first place and even with um cargo and
rail transport um there's also a danger
that they will you know explode um so
the risks of these pipelines are always
externalized as you know ocasio-cortez
points out onto the public to pay for
them
and we can think about this in a global
scale as well as well in thinking about
how the global south is really paying
for the consumption of oil and gas in
the global north um you know with by you
know experiencing the most um
devastating effects of climate change
and we can even go and look at like
um why you know
when ilanomar
questioned elliot abrams about his you
know horrible human rights record in
latin america um and promoting sort of
coup attempts elsewhere we can look we
can make those connections um with the
current attempts of the trump
administration to overthrow the
democratically elected government of
venezuela is going back to you know the
north american oil boom which dropped
the prices of oil
across the globe in an attempt to not
just boycott
venezuelan oil but to actually strangle
the venezuelan economy and so in many
ways
the um the extraction and transportation
of oil is directly linked to these sort
of imperial projects abroad
where the united states is not only just
interested in drilling its way um out of
you know the great recession but it's
using it as a political sort of um way
to um continue its its boycott of
venezuelan oil but also the sanctions on
venezuela itself
um and so i believe you know winona
leduc my friend has made these
connections in the past but we have to
think about these pipeline struggles in
a global
geopolitical context
as well as understanding that these
pipelines are transparent transporting
oil
oftentimes to a global market and
therefore they're transnational pro
projects as well and they're not just
affecting the indigenous communities of
where they're being built but they're
also affecting
people throughout the globe i wanted to
ask you about this growing resistance to
pipeline after pipeline uh you mentioned
winona leduc of the white earth
reservation in northern minnesota who is
also at standing rock we interviewed her
there she had pitched her teepee in the
red warrior camp and she said i'm not
going to spend my life um protesting one
pipeline after another but what about
this ongoing resistance to pipelines um
throughout the united states and canada
i want to go to president trump right
after he was inaugurated
announcing
the pair of presidential memorandums to
revive the keystone xl and dakota access
oil pipelines the two major projects
halted by the obama administration
following massive resistance from
indigenous and environmental groups
this is with regard to the construction
of the keystone pipeline
something that's been in dispute and
it's subject to a renegotiation of terms
by us
we're going to renegotiate some of the
terms and
if they'd like
we'll see if we can get that pipeline
built
a lot of jobs 28 000 jobs
great construction jobs
this is with respect to the construction
of the dakota access
pipeline
dakota access pipeline
again
subject to terms and conditions to be
negotiated by us so that is president
trump a newly inaugurated announcing uh
that he was moving forward with the
dakota access pipeline and he was
reviving the keystone xl the
significance of this professor estes
so if we go back to 2014 um
obama was the um one of six sitting
presidents actually visit an indian
reservation um during his his time in
office and he actually visited standing
rock
during their flag day powwow and met
with uh then tribal chairman um dave
archambault iii
um
and so
he made a promise to youth at that
particular um
powwow that he would you know that we
would put our minds together um to make
what's best for the future generations
you know citing um uh sitting bull one
of the um the lakota leaders of
resistance in in the 19th century
um and you know that that the dakota
access pipeline when it came you know
down um from the bakken oil region it
was those standing rock youth who ran to
um washington dc hoping that obama would
live up to his promise to listen to the
youth indigenous youth
and you know from what we know
now it's that we don't know if he was
even listening and so in many ways you
know obama couldn't really halt the
construction of the pipeline towards the
end of his term i know that there was um
there was a a a
an order to halt the construction um and
a mandated environmental review but in
um by and large you know he
his his his administration was a
failure to uphold sort of that promise
to indigenous people and so if obama's
administration is a failure then the
trump administration is an absolute
catastrophe for indigenous nations in
the united states because um you know
trump has
um intensified the oil and gas
extraction not just um in the bakken
region but here in the four corners area
in the permian basin
in western texas and parts of new mexico
oil production has just you know
increased and he's using the bureau of
land management to
um
to essentially
sell off
sometimes for dollars of the on the acre
indigenous land or public lands as we
know it now which is really just stolen
indigenous land
to the highest bidder and
when we when we talk about pipelines
right and we talk about oil and gas
production we really have to talk about
the source of those pipelines
and in here you know in in the southwest
region it's the permian basin and the
four corners region where there's a you
know there's been extensive fracking and
oil and gas development but also what's
happening now with the keystone xl
pipeline
is very interesting i'm from south
dakota originally born and raised and
you know the the governor of south
dakota introduced christie gnome
introduced a series of anti-protest
legislation bills i'm specifically
targeting
water protectors in south dakota
who may be protesting the keystone xl
pipeline and the the interesting thing
about that and we can go back to the the
standing rock protest is that these
states you know have contentious
relations with tribal nations to begin
with right we didn't sign treaties with
the state governments but yet the state
governments participate in the continued
criminalization of indigenous people for
trying to uphold our treaty rights and
so why are we criminals um you know um
an activist
who who
are just trying to protect you know land
and water and when we go back to the
treaties
in like the 1868 fort laramie treaty
which the keystone xl pipeline
contravenes and trespasses through a
treaty protected territory of the great
sioux reservation
we're not asking the state of south
dakota to do anything radical we're not
asking non-indigenous people to do
anything radical all we're asking them
to do is to uphold their own
constitution
your government signed the 1868 fort
laramie treaty with us it's your
responsibility um to uphold that treaty
as well and you know your own
constitution says that treaties are the
supreme law of the land and what we're
finding out with a lot of these ranchers
and white communities is that they have
no say
over the construction of these pipelines
they have no say of whether or not
they're going to be built on their land
because
transcanada is using state governments
to condemn property and to create rights
of way through their land and so now
they're turning to indigenous
communities and they're turning to
treaty rights and understanding that
it's treaty rights and specifically
indigenous rights that really protect
everyone's rights when it comes to
environmental justice issues and so
while there is this kind of adverse
effect of the continued criminalization
of water protectors whether it's in
louisiana whether it's in north dakota
or even in canada
with the unistone the eviction of the
unistone resistance camp in wet soweton
territory or whether it's in south
dakota and the criminalization of water
protectors there we can understand that
there's also a growing alliance with
non-indigenous communities who are
seeing value
in in indigenous um rights and
specifically treaty rights um and to me
that is the most hopeful sort of sign of
this current resistance movement is that
indigenous rights are at the forefront
because they protect everybody's rights
nick estes you focus on seven historical
moments of resistance in your new book
our history is the future
you say they form a historical road map
for collective liberation how did you
choose these histories just quickly take
us through them
sure
so i begin
at the camps i begin in the present you
know at standing rock and then i go to
the fur trade with the first u.s
invasion
which was uh lewis and clark who came
through who trespassed through our
territory and were stopped by um our our
leadership
and then i go through um the the indian
wars of the 19th century in the buffalo
genocide um and then i go into
talking about
the um the damning of the missouri river
in the mid-20th century and then looking
at red power in the in the 1960s and the
1970s and how all of these indigenous
people who were relocated because their
lands were flooded by these dams
eventually found themselves and created
sort of the modern indigenous
movement known as red power and then
looking going back and ending actually
at standing rock in 1974
with the creation of the international
indian treaty council which really
coalesced
these generations of of indigenous
resistance and took the
treaties the 1868 fort laramie treaty to
the world
and to the united nations and to do that
they looked to
palestinians
they looked to the south african
anti-apartheid movement who provided the
mechanisms for recognition of of
indigenous rights at the united nations
and that all resulted over four decades
in the touchstone document the united
nations declaration on the rights of
indigenous peoples which was passed by
the un in
2007 and so in many ways when we look at
standing rock and we look at we go down
flag road and we see the hundreds of
tribal nation flags that were
represented in 2016 and 2017 we also saw
the palestinian flag that was there kind
of harkening back to that
that um that's that international
solidarity with movements of the global
south and specifically um our
palestinian relatives who you know today
are still facing much like us are still
facing the the brunt and the brutality
of um settler colonialism whether it's
the the you know the united states
recognizing the annexation of the golan
heights or whether it's you know
here in in north america and the
continued dispossession of indigenous
territory and rights we can see that
settler colonialism in in israel or in
palestine is an is really an extension
of settler colonialism in north america
and so and then i end you know um
with uh back at the camps and looking at
how these camps really provided you know
actually look at a physical map that was
handed out to um water protectors who
came to the camp and on that map
there was you know where to find food
where to find um the clinics right and
where to find um the security and the
all the camps that were represented at
the um
at standing rock um and to me that
provided you know a kind of interesting
parallel to
um the world that surrounded the camps
which was 90 you know some 92 different
law enforcement jurisdictions
um you had the north dakota national
guard the world of cops the world of on
the militarized sort of police state um
and in the camps themselves you had sort
of the the primordial sort of beginnings
of what a world's premised on indigenous
justice might look like and in that
world you know everyone got free food
there was a place for everyone you know
um the housing you know obviously was
transient housing and tepees and things
like that but then also um there was
health clinics um to provide health care
alternative forms of health care to
everyone and so if we look at that it's
housing
education
all for free right a strong sense of
community and for a short time there was
free education at the camps right those
are things that most poor communities in
the united states don't have access to
and especially reservation communities
but given the opportunity to create a
new world
in that camp centered on
indigenous justice and treaty rights
society organized itself according to
need and not to profit and so
where there was you know the world of
settlers uh seller colonialism that
surrounded us there was the world of
indigenous justice um that existed for a
brief moment in time and in that world
instead of doing to settler society what
they did to us genociding removing
excluding we there's a capaciousness to
indigenous resistance movements that
welcomes in non-indigenous peoples into
our struggle because that's our primary
strength is one of relationality one of
making kin right nick estes assistant
professor of american studies at the
university of new mexico author of the
new book our history is the future
standing rock versus the dakota access
pipeline and the long tradition of
indigenous resistance he's co-founder of
the indigenous resistance group the red
nation and a citizen of the lower brule
sioux tribe to see part one of our
conversation go to democracynow.org
i'm amy goodman thanks so much for
joining us
関連動画をさらに表示
Why Treaties Matter | NPR
INDIGENOUS RESPONSES to State Expansion 1750-1900 [AP World History] Unit 6 Topic 3 (6.3)
SA200W-TUBE Report and Discussion - Module 3 - Group 7
Why It’s Time To Give Native Americans Their Land Back
Beyond Unceded Territories (includes both French and English subtitles)
Rezball: Basketball in Lakota Nation - VICE World of Sports
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)