Mengenal Apa itu Rencana Aksi Nasional Penanggulangan Ekstremisme | RAN PE | WGWC | AMAN Indonesia

AMAN Indonesia

24 May 202108:59

Summary

TLDRThe video script discusses the historical roots of radicalism in Indonesia, with a focus on resistance movements against Dutch colonialism, driven by jihadist motivations. It highlights key historical wars, the role of the Nahdlatul Ulama's jihad fatwa in 1945, and the evolution of jihad post-independence. The text also explores Indonesia's modern counterterrorism efforts, including laws and national strategies to combat extremism and terrorism, emphasizing democratic principles, human rights, and gender equality. The government involves civil society, including women's organizations, in preventing and addressing violent extremism through inclusive policies and international cooperation.

Takeaways

⚔️ Radikalism in Indonesia has historical roots, especially during the Dutch colonial era, with various revolts like the Makassar War, Maluku War, and Aceh War driven by jihad.
📜 In 1945, Nahdlatul Ulama issued a fatwa declaring that fighting colonial invaders was a religious obligation (fardhu ain) for all Muslims, and Masyumi reaffirmed this in November 1945.
🏛️ After Indonesia's independence, the focus shifted to national goals like public welfare, education, global peace, and social justice, making jihad-based ideologies less relevant.
🕌 Indonesia's democratic environment allows for diverse religious ideologies, ranging from progressive to extremist, some of which challenge the nation's founding principles.
🛡️ Since 1998, Indonesia has faced serious terrorism threats, with around 2,000 Indonesians joining ISIS in Syria and Iraq in the past 20 years.
📊 Indonesia has implemented several anti-terrorism policies, including laws and regulations to combat terrorism and protect investigators, prosecutors, and victims.
🤝 The National Action Plan for the Prevention of Violent Extremism (2020-2024) involves collaboration between ministries, government agencies, and civil society.
👩‍⚖️ The plan emphasizes human rights, gender equality, child protection, and public safety, ensuring a democratic approach to countering violent extremism.
🌍 International cooperation and partnerships are key pillars in Indonesia’s strategy for combating extremism and terrorism.
👩‍👧 The plan also stresses the inclusion of women and civil society in formulating, implementing, and monitoring anti-extremism measures for greater effectiveness and sustainability.

Q & A

What historical events in Indonesia's past are linked to radicalism?
-Radicalism in Indonesia is linked to several historical events, including the Makassar War (1669), Maluku War (1780-1805), West Sumatra War (1803-1838), Diponegoro War (1825-1830), Banjarmasin War (1859-1863), and the Aceh War (1873-1912). These events were often motivated by jihad against colonial rule.
What was the significance of the Nahdlatul Ulama's jihad fatwa in 1945?
-On October 22, 1945, Nahdlatul Ulama issued a jihad fatwa, declaring that fighting against colonial invaders was a 'fardhu ain' (individual obligation) for all Muslims, regardless of gender or age. This fatwa played a significant role in mobilizing resistance against foreign occupiers.
How did Masyumi's resolution in 1945 relate to Nahdlatul Ulama's fatwa?
-Masyumi reaffirmed Nahdlatul Ulama's jihad fatwa through its own jihad resolution during the Islamic Congress on November 7, 1945. This further solidified the call for jihad against foreign occupiers during Indonesia's fight for independence.
Why is jihad no longer considered suitable after Indonesia's independence?
-After Indonesia gained independence, the focus shifted toward achieving four national goals: general welfare, national education, maintaining world peace, and ensuring social justice. These goals required a peaceful and democratic government, making the concept of jihad as warfare less relevant.
What are some of the main threats Indonesia has faced since the 1998 reform era?
-Since the 1998 reform era, Indonesia has faced serious threats from terrorism, with various extremist groups seeking to replace Pancasila (the state ideology). Around 2,000 Indonesians have become ISIS sympathizers, traveling to Syria and Iraq over the past 20 years.
What laws and regulations has Indonesia implemented to combat terrorism?
-Indonesia has introduced several laws to combat terrorism, including the Anti-Terrorism Law and Government Regulation No. 77 (2019) on preventing terrorism and protecting law enforcement officers. Other regulations include PP 35 (2020) on compensation for victims and Presidential Regulation No. 7 (2021) on the National Action Plan for Preventing and Combating Violent Extremism.
What is the purpose of Indonesia's National Action Plan for Preventing and Combating Violent Extremism (RAN-PE)?
-RAN-PE, established in 2021, aims to increase the protection of citizens' rights and enhance national security by preventing and combating violent extremism. The plan is based on principles such as human rights, good governance, gender equality, and child protection.
What are the three key pillars of the RAN-PE plan?
-RAN-PE is built on three pillars: 1) prevention, which includes readiness, counter-radicalization, and deradicalization, 2) law enforcement, which covers the protection of witnesses and victims, and strengthening national legal frameworks, and 3) partnerships and international cooperation.
How does RAN-PE incorporate gender equality?
-RAN-PE integrates gender equality by ensuring the inclusion of women in the prevention and management of violent extremism. It emphasizes strengthening gender equality programs and incorporates gender indicators in all three pillars of the plan.
What role do civil society organizations play in the implementation of RAN-PE?
-Civil society, including women's organizations, plays a crucial role in implementing RAN-PE. They are involved in prevention, deradicalization, rehabilitation, and reintegration efforts, making these interventions more effective and sustainable.

Outlines

00:00

📜 The Historical Roots of Radicalism in Indonesia

This paragraph explores the connection between radicalism and Indonesia's history during the Dutch colonial period. Several rebellions driven by jihad are mentioned, including the Makassar War (1669), the Maluku War (1780-1805), the West Sumatra War (1803-1838), and others. The fatwa of Nahdlatul Ulama on October 22, 1945, calling jihad against colonizers a religious obligation, is highlighted. However, after Indonesia's independence, such calls for jihad were no longer deemed appropriate, as the country’s goals shifted toward public welfare, education, peace, and global justice.

05:00

👥 Modern Indonesia’s Fight Against Extremism

This paragraph discusses the rise of terrorism in post-reform Indonesia, with particular emphasis on the involvement of Indonesians in ISIS and the government's response. The paragraph lists various legal and policy measures aimed at preventing and countering extremism, including the enactment of anti-terrorism laws and regulations to protect law enforcement officials. A major initiative was President Joko Widodo's signing of a national action plan (Ran-PE) to combat violent extremism and terrorism from 2020 to 2024, emphasizing public consultation and coordination between government and civil society.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Radicalism

Radicalism refers to political or social ideologies that aim for major changes in society, often through extreme measures. In the context of the video, radicalism is traced back to resistance movements in Indonesia's history, such as the Aceh and Diponegoro Wars, where religious motivations played a role in opposing Dutch colonial rule.

💡Jihad

Jihad, in this context, is described as a religious duty or struggle, often associated with fighting against oppressors. The video mentions several historical conflicts like the Makassar War and the Aceh War, driven by the spirit of jihad as a form of resistance against Dutch colonization.

💡Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)

Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) is an Islamic organization in Indonesia. In the video, NU is highlighted for issuing a fatwa in 1945 calling for jihad against colonial powers, marking the involvement of religious institutions in Indonesia's fight for independence.

💡Terrorism

Terrorism in the video refers to acts of violence used to create fear for political or ideological purposes. Indonesia's efforts to combat terrorism, especially following the rise of ISIS sympathizers, is emphasized, along with government policies to prevent and counter violent extremism.

💡BNPT (National Counterterrorism Agency)

The BNPT, or Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme, is Indonesia's national counterterrorism agency. The video notes its efforts in dealing with terrorism, particularly in addressing the problem of Indonesian citizens who became ISIS sympathizers and traveled to conflict zones in Syria and Iraq.

💡Deradicalization

Deradicalization involves efforts to rehabilitate individuals who have been involved in extremist ideologies. The video highlights Indonesia’s focus on deradicalization as part of its broader strategy to combat extremism, emphasizing community involvement and reintegration.

💡Resolution of Jihad

The Resolution of Jihad refers to the religious decree issued by Nahdlatul Ulama in 1945, urging Indonesians to fight against colonial rule as a religious obligation. The video points to this resolution as a significant moment in Indonesia's history, blending religious duty with the nationalist struggle for independence.

💡Extremism

Extremism is defined as holding extreme political or religious views, which often leads to violent actions. The video discusses how extremism in Indonesia, particularly after 1998, has led to serious security threats, with the rise of groups advocating for the replacement of Pancasila, Indonesia's founding ideology.

💡ISIS Sympathizers

ISIS sympathizers in the video refer to the estimated 2,000 Indonesians who traveled to Syria and Iraq to support the Islamic State (ISIS). This issue is linked to Indonesia's ongoing fight against terrorism and radicalization, with policies in place to address the return of these individuals.

💡Ran-PE (National Action Plan)

Ran-PE refers to the Indonesian government's National Action Plan for the prevention and countering of violent extremism leading to terrorism. The video outlines how Ran-PE involves multiple government ministries and civil society in tackling extremism through a holistic approach, focusing on prevention, law enforcement, and international cooperation.

Highlights

Radicalism in Indonesia has historical roots, especially during the Dutch colonial period with several wars driven by jihad spirit.

Key resistance movements included the Makassar War (1669), Maluku War (1780-1805), West Sumatra War (1803-1838), Diponegoro War (1825-1830), Banjarmasin War (1859-1863), and the Aceh War (1873-1912).

Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) issued a jihad resolution on October 22, 1945, stating that fighting colonial powers is obligatory for all Muslims.

Masyumi reiterated the NU jihad resolution during a congress on November 7, 1945.

After Indonesia's independence, the focus shifted from jihad to national goals, including public welfare, education, and global peace.

As a democratic nation, Indonesia became fertile ground for various religious ideologies, ranging from progressive to extreme.

Since the 1998 Reformasi, Indonesia has faced serious terrorism threats, with around 2,000 Indonesian ISIS sympathizers going to Syria and Iraq.

In response, Indonesia introduced several laws, including Government Regulation No. 77 (2019) and PP 35 (2020) to address terrorism and support victims.

On January 6, 2021, President Joko Widodo signed Presidential Regulation No. 7 (2021) on the national plan for preventing and combating violent extremism.

The National Action Plan (RAN) was created in consultation with the public and civil society between 2017 and 2018.

RAN is a collaborative strategy involving various ministries and institutions, focusing on prevention, law enforcement, and international partnerships.

The plan integrates human rights, the rule of law, gender equality, and child rights as key principles.

A notable aspect is the inclusion of women in efforts to prevent and combat violent extremism through gender equality and empowerment programs.

The RAN Secretariat coordinates the plan’s implementation and evaluation, working with various ministries.

Civil society, including women’s organizations, can actively participate in the prevention and rehabilitation processes, making interventions more effective and sustainable.