Materi IPS Kelas 8 k13 (Perlawanan Terhadap Kolonialisme dan Imperialisme) Part 1

Summary

This video script focuses on the historical resistance of Indonesia against colonialism and imperialism. It discusses key events such as the struggle against Portuguese dominance led by Sultan Baabullah, the fierce opposition by Aceh under Sultan Iskandar Muda, and Sultan Hasanuddin's heroic resistance against the Dutch, earning him the title of 'Rooster of the East.' The script also highlights Mataram's military confrontations with the VOC and the eventual collapse of the VOC in 1799. Throughout, it portrays the courage and resilience of the Indonesian people in defending their sovereignty.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia's territory is much larger than the Netherlands', and during the colonial era, Indonesia was considered just a province by the Dutch.
• 😀 The Dutch exploited Indonesia's wealth for their own prosperity while the local population resisted through various forms of rebellion.
• 😀 The first major resistance occurred under Sultan Baabullah, who led the people of Tidore to expel the Portuguese in 1575 after they had obstructed trade and harmed the locals.
• 😀 Sultan Hairun, father of Sultan Baabullah, was murdered by the Portuguese during peace talks, sparking even greater resistance from the Maluku people.
• 😀 Aceh, under Sultan Iskandar Muda, resisted colonial forces, forming a strong naval fleet and challenging the Portuguese despite some unsuccessful attempts.
• 😀 Sultan Hasanuddin, known as the 'Rooster of the East,' led the Gowa kingdom in South Sulawesi in a fierce struggle against the Dutch, earning respect for his defiance.
• 😀 Sultan Hasanuddin was forced to sign the Bongaya Treaty, granting the Dutch a monopoly over spice trade in the region, which weakened Gowa's sovereignty.
• 😀 Mataram, under Sultan Agung, waged multiple attacks against the Dutch East India Company (VOC) due to their monopoly practices, but these efforts ultimately failed.
• 😀 The first and second attacks by Mataram against the VOC failed due to inadequate supplies, lack of preparation, and the superior weaponry of the Dutch forces.
• 😀 The VOC went bankrupt in 1799, leading to its dissolution, with the Dutch government taking control of its debts and assets, marking the end of VOC's colonial rule in Indonesia.

Q & A

What was the main reason why Indonesia was considered a province by the Dutch?

Indonesia was considered a province by the Dutch because they viewed the region primarily as a source of wealth, exploiting its resources for the prosperity of the Netherlands.

Who led the first major resistance against Portuguese colonialism in Indonesia?

Sultan Baabullah led the first major resistance against Portuguese colonialism in Indonesia, specifically in the Maluku Islands, and succeeded in driving the Portuguese out of Ternate.

How did the Portuguese attempt to control the spice trade in the Banda Islands?

The Portuguese attempted to control the spice trade by blocking the Banda Islands' trade with Tidore, even firing upon their ships, which led to a rebellion from the people of Tidore.

What significant event happened during the negotiation between Sultan Hairun and the Portuguese in 1570?

During the negotiation between Sultan Hairun and the Portuguese in 1570, the Portuguese deceitfully captured and killed Sultan Hairun, which enraged the people of Maluku.

What was the ultimate result of Sultan Baabullah's leadership in 1575?

Under Sultan Baabullah's leadership in 1575, the Portuguese were successfully expelled from Ternate, marking a significant victory for Indonesian resistance.

What was the role of Sultan Iskandar Muda in Aceh’s resistance against the Portuguese?

Sultan Iskandar Muda of Aceh built a formidable naval force capable of carrying 800 soldiers and attempted to conquer the Portuguese, though Aceh did not achieve full victory in this effort.

Why is Sultan Hasanuddin of Gowa referred to as the 'Rooster of the East'?

Sultan Hasanuddin is referred to as the 'Rooster of the East' because of his fierce resistance against the Dutch and his reputation as a feared and respected leader.

What were the key terms of the Bongaya Agreement between Sultan Hasanuddin and the Dutch East India Company (VOC)?

The Bongaya Agreement allowed the Dutch to monopolize the spice trade, required Sultan Hasanuddin to relinquish control over certain territories, and recognized a rival leader, Arung Palakka, as the ruler of Bone.

What were the causes and outcomes of the conflict between Mataram and the VOC?

The conflict between Mataram and the VOC was driven by the VOC's greed for a monopoly on trade, leading Mataram to launch several attacks against the Dutch. However, Mataram's forces failed due to a lack of resources, preparation, and modern weaponry.

What significant event occurred in 1799 regarding the Dutch East India Company (VOC)?

In 1799, the VOC declared bankruptcy and was dissolved, with its debts and assets being taken over by the Dutch government, effectively ending its colonial influence in Indonesia.