SEJARAH LAHIRNYA BUDI UTOMO - HARI KEBANGKITAN NASIONAL INDONESIA

Galeri Tentang Kisah
14 Feb 202315:26

Summary

TLDRBudi Utomo, founded on May 20, 1908, by Sutomo and students of the Stovia school in Yogyakarta, was an organization aimed at uplifting the Indonesian nation through social, economic, and cultural development without political inclinations. Initially for educated Javanese, it expanded to become a symbol of Indonesian nationalism, with a name derived from Sanskrit meaning 'great awakening'. Despite its slow progress and internal conflicts, it significantly contributed to the national awakening and later merged with other movements to form the Partai Indonesia Raya, illustrating the evolution of Indonesian nationalism.

Takeaways

  • 🎓 Budi Utomo was founded by Sutomo and students of the Stovia school in Surabaya on May 20, 1908, as a youth organization focused on social, economic, and cultural development rather than politics.
  • đŸŒ± The name 'Budi Utomo' means 'great awareness' in Sanskrit, symbolizing a high level of consciousness aimed at uplifting the Indonesian nation.
  • 📱 The organization was initially intended for the educated class on Java Island, but it later became a movement for Indonesian independence.
  • đŸ€ Wahidin Sudirohusodo visited Stovia and inspired students to form an organization to elevate the status of the nation and support the education of talented but financially constrained native individuals.
  • 🏛 Budi Utomo was officially established in Jakarta on May 20, 1908, with Sutomo as its first chairman and a clear structure of officers outlined in its constitution and budget plan.
  • 📈 The organization's membership grew over time, including prominent Indonesian movement figures such as Ki Hajar Dewantara and Cipto Mangunkusumo.
  • 📰 The establishment of Budi Utomo was covered in newspapers, prompting the establishment of branches in various cities like Magelang, Probolinggo, and Yogyakarta.
  • 💡 Despite its non-political nature, the organization's growth and activities were perceived as a threat by the Dutch colonial government, leading to tensions and challenges for its founders.
  • đŸ›ïž The first Budi Utomo congress took place in Yogyakarta from October 3 to 5, 1908, discussing the establishment of an educational aid body, which was ultimately rejected.
  • 📉 The organization's slow and cautious approach, along with its close relationship with the government, led to a decline in membership and influence, especially with the rise of more politically active groups like Sarekat Islam.
  • 🔄 Budi Utomo eventually merged with other movements to form the Partai Indonesia Raya, marking a transition from a cultural and educational focus to a more politically active role in the fight for Indonesian independence.

Q & A

  • What is Budi Utomo and when was it founded?

    -Budi Utomo is a youth organization founded by Sutomo and other students of the Stovia school in Surabaya, Indonesia, on May 20, 1908. It was initiated by Wahidin Sudirohusodo and initially focused on social, economic, and cultural fields, rather than politics.

  • What does the name 'Budi Utomo' mean and what is its significance?

    -The name 'Budi Utomo' comes from the Sanskrit language, where 'Budi' means consciousness and 'Utomo' means very good. It can be interpreted as a very good consciousness, signifying the organization's aim to uplift the nation's status and promote education among the native people.

  • What was the initial purpose of Budi Utomo and how did it evolve over time?

    -Initially, Budi Utomo was intended for the educated class on the island of Java. Over time, it became the beginning of the Indonesian independence movement and expanded its focus to include broader nationalism and educational efforts.

  • Who were the key founders of Budi Utomo and what roles did they play?

    -The key founders of Budi Utomo included Muhammad Suleiman, Gondo Suwarno Gunawan, Mangunkusumo, Raden Angka, Royal Sudiro, Muhammad Saleh, Raden Mas GumbrĂš, and Suwarno. Sutomo served as the first chairman, with Sulaiman Affandi Karta as his deputy.

  • How did Budi Utomo's membership grow and what were some of its early achievements?

    -Budi Utomo's membership grew to 650 individuals by July 1908, consisting of lower-ranking priayi and students. It successfully held its first congress in Yogyakarta from October 3 to 5, 1908, and by 1909, the organization had reached 10,000 members with branches in several cities.

  • What was the significance of the first Budi Utomo congress and what were its outcomes?

    -The first Budi Utomo congress was significant as it established the organization's goals and leadership structure. It resulted in the appointment of Raden Adipati Tirtokusumo as the general chairman and Wahidin Sudirohusodo as the deputy chairman, and it set the direction for the organization to focus on education and culture.

  • How did Budi Utomo's approach to education and social reform contribute to the Indonesian independence movement?

    -Budi Utomo contributed to the independence movement by promoting education and social reform, including the establishment of schools and the reform of the Dutch language curriculum. Its efforts to uplift the native people's status and provide educational opportunities laid the groundwork for a more politically conscious and mobilized society.

  • What challenges did Budi Utomo face in its early years, and how did these challenges impact its growth and activities?

    -Budi Utomo faced challenges such as slow growth, internal disagreements, and the threat of being labeled as a rebellious group by the Dutch colonial government. These challenges led to some members leaving the organization, including key figures like Cipto Mangunkusumo and Ki Hajar Dewantara.

  • How did the emergence of Sarekat Islam and the Indische Partij affect Budi Utomo and the broader Indonesian independence movement?

    -The emergence of Sarekat Islam and the Indische Partij introduced more politically oriented movements that overshadowed Budi Utomo's cultural and educational focus. This led to a decline in Budi Utomo's influence as the leadership of the independence struggle shifted to these newer, more politically active organizations.

  • What was the role of Ernest Douwes Dekker in the Indonesian independence movement, and how did his actions influence Budi Utomo?

    -Ernest Douwes Dekker was an Indo-Dutch who strongly advocated for the Indonesian people. His open political actions and influence helped to further the understanding and acceptance of Indonesian nationalism among the Javanese people, indirectly affecting Budi Utomo's direction and activities.

  • How did Budi Utomo's stance on nationalism evolve over time, and what was its impact on the broader Indonesian society?

    -Budi Utomo's stance on nationalism evolved from a focus on cultural and educational upliftment to a more politically oriented movement. Its influence helped to spread the understanding of Indonesian nationalism beyond Java, reaching other islands and ethnic groups, and contributing to a more unified national identity.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Founding of Budi Utomo

The first paragraph outlines the establishment of Budi Utomo, a youth organization initiated by Sutomo and students from the Stovia School in Bandung, on May 20, 1908. The organization, conceptualized by Wahidin Sudirohusodo, aimed at social, economic, and cultural development rather than politics. Budi Utomo, meaning 'great awakening' in Sanskrit, was initially intended for the educated class in Java. It marked the beginning of the Indonesian independence movement and is commemorated as Indonesia's National Awakening Day. The paragraph also details the early activities of the organization, its founders, and the challenges faced by Sutomo, one of the key figures, who was threatened with expulsion from Stovia due to his revolutionary activities.

05:00

🎓 Budi Utomo's Expansion and Challenges

The second paragraph discusses the growth of Budi Utomo, which expanded to include prominent Indonesian movement figures such as Ki Hajar Dewantara and Cipto Mangunkusumo. It highlights the organization's efforts to establish branches in various cities and its struggle to maintain a non-political stance while engaging with the government. The paragraph also describes the internal conflicts within Budi Utomo, particularly the rejection of Sudirohusodo's proposal to include Indian members, which led to the resignation of key members like Cipto Mangunkusumo. Additionally, it mentions the emergence of Sarekat Islam, which initially targeted traders but later became a political force, causing a decline in Budi Utomo's influence.

10:02

🏛 Transition of Budi Utomo into Politics

The third paragraph narrates the transition of Budi Utomo into the political arena, with the leadership shifting from Tirtokusumo to Dirojosoemarto in 1911. It describes the organization's efforts to establish schools and an educational support body called Dharmawara, with the help of Hamengkubuwono VIII. The paragraph also touches on the influence of Ernest Douwes Dekker, an Indo-Dutch advocate for Indonesia's independence, and the founding of the Indische Partij, a political party open to all Indonesians. It highlights the ideological debate around nationalism, with some arguing that Budi Utomo represented a cultural form of nationalism, while others, like Suwardi, insisted it was purely political.

15:03

🌐 Budi Utomo's Integration into a Broader Movement

The final paragraph concludes the narrative by detailing the integration of Budi Utomo into a larger political movement. It mentions the formation of the Partai Indonesia Raya after the merger of Budi Utomo with other movements during the congress held in Solo in December 1935. This marked the end of Budi Utomo's independent existence and its contribution to the broader Indonesian independence struggle.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Budi Utomo

Budi Utomo is an organization founded by Sutomo and other students of the Stovia school in Surabaya, Indonesia, on May 20, 1908. It signifies the beginning of the movement aimed at achieving Indonesian independence. The term 'Budi' means consciousness, and 'Utomo' means excellence, hence the organization represents a high level of awareness. In the script, Budi Utomo is highlighted as the initiator of the Indonesian nationalist movement and is celebrated as the National Awakening Day in Indonesia.

💡Nationalism

Nationalism in the context of the video refers to the ideology and movement that seeks to unite Indonesian people under a shared identity and purpose, which is to achieve independence from colonial rule. The script mentions Budi Utomo as a significant force in the rise of Indonesian nationalism, with its activities and congresses contributing to the national awakening.

💡Stovia

Stovia was a medical school in Surabaya where the idea of Budi Utomo was conceived. It played a pivotal role in the early stages of the organization, as it was the place where the founders, including Sutomo, were educated and where the initial discussions about forming Budi Utomo took place.

💡Independence

Independence is a central theme in the video, representing the ultimate goal of the Budi Utomo organization and the broader Indonesian nationalist movement. The script describes the various efforts and initiatives undertaken by Budi Utomo to achieve self-governance and freedom from Dutch colonial rule.

💡Sutomo

Sutomo is one of the key figures and founders of Budi Utomo. He is highlighted in the script as a driving force behind the organization's establishment and its mission to uplift the Indonesian people through education and social reform. His role in the formation of Budi Utomo and his influence on its direction are significant in the narrative of the video.

💡Education

Education is a fundamental concept in the script, closely tied to the mission of Budi Utomo. The organization aimed to improve the educational opportunities for the native Indonesians, as evidenced by its efforts to establish schools and reform the curriculum. The script mentions the establishment of schools by Budi Utomo under the leadership of figures like Sutomo.

💡Cultural Movement

The cultural movement within Budi Utomo is depicted in the script as an essential aspect of the organization's activities. It focused on promoting Indonesian culture and identity, which was seen as a means to foster national pride and unity among the people. The script also mentions the publication of a magazine and changes in the teaching of the Dutch language as part of this movement.

💡Sarekat Islam

Sarekat Islam is mentioned in the script as a political organization that emerged alongside Budi Utomo. It was initially a trade union but later evolved into a broader political movement with the aim of uniting all Indonesians under the banner of Islam. The script indicates that the rise of Sarekat Islam contributed to the decline of Budi Utomo as it attracted many young members who left Budi Utomo.

💡Indische Partij

Indische Partij is referred to in the script as a political party prepared by Ernest Douwes Dekker, an Indo-Dutch advocate for the Indonesian cause. It was designed to be inclusive and political, aiming to represent all Indonesians. The script suggests that the formation of the Indische Partij marked a shift towards more overt political action in the struggle for Indonesian independence.

💡Ki Hajar Dewantara

Ki Hajar Dewantara is a notable figure in the script, known for his satirical article 'If I Were a Dutchman,' which sharply criticized the Dutch colonial government. His actions, along with those of Douwes Dekker and Cipto Mangunkusumo, led to their imprisonment by the Dutch authorities. Dewantara's writings and activities are presented in the script as a reflection of the growing nationalist sentiment and resistance against colonial rule.

💡Partai Indonesia Raya

Partai Indonesia Raya, or the Great Indonesia Party, is mentioned in the script as the result of the merger of Budi Utomo with other movements. This political party was formed to consolidate the nationalist efforts and represented a significant development in the political landscape of the independence movement. The script describes the process of integration that led to the establishment of this party.

Highlights

Budi Utomo was founded by Sutomo and other students from Stovia school on May 20, 1908, marking the beginning of the Indonesian independence movement.

The organization was initially aimed at the educated class in Java and has since become a national awakening day for Indonesia.

Budi Utomo, derived from Sanskrit, means 'great awakening', signifying a high level of consciousness for the Indonesian people.

Wahidin Sudirohusodo inspired the idea of forming Budi Utomo during a visit to Stovia, aiming to uplift the nation's status.

Budi Utomo's establishment included a plan to support the education of talented indigenous people who could not afford schooling.

The first congress of Budi Utomo was held in Yogyakarta from October 3 to 5, 1908, discussing the establishment of an educational aid body, which was rejected.

By 1909, Budi Utomo had grown to 10,000 members and had branches in several cities, indicating its widespread influence.

The organization's slow progress was attributed to its cautious approach and the majority of its members being government officials.

Budi Utomo's non-political stance and close relationship with the government led to a decline in membership as more political movements emerged.

The emergence of Sarekat Islam and Indische Partij marked a shift in the political landscape, overshadowing Budi Utomo's influence.

Budi Utomo's leadership transitioned from Tirtokusumo to Diroejo in 1911, reflecting changes in the movement's direction.

Under Diroejo's leadership, Budi Utomo established three schools and received significant support from Hamengkubuwono VIII.

Sudirohusodo's vision of an educational aid body was realized with the establishment of Dharmawara, supported by government funding.

The Indische Partij, prepared by Douwes Dekker, was a political movement open to all Indonesians, emphasizing the importance of unity above all.

Ki Hajar Dewantara's article 'If I Were a Dutchman' criticized the Dutch, leading to his imprisonment and highlighting the growing nationalist sentiment.

Budi Utomo's decline was also due to internal conflicts, such as the rejection of Cipto Mangunkusumo's proposal to include the Indian community.

Sutomo's return from the Netherlands in 1930 led to the establishment of the Persatuan Bangsa Indonesia (PBI), a political party aimed at unifying the nation.

Budi Utomo eventually merged with other movements to form the Partai Indonesia Raya, marking the end of its independent existence.

Transcripts

play00:04

[Musik]

play00:09

Budi Utomo adalah organisasi pemuda yang

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didirikan oleh Sutomo dan para pelajar

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stovia school Tote of landing Van in

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Lance arsen pada tanggal 20 Mei tahun

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1908 organisasi ini digagas oleh Wahidin

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Sudirohusodo bergerak di bidang sosial

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ekonomi budaya dan tidak bersifat

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politik berdirinya Budi Utomo menjadi

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awal pergerakan yang bertujuan untuk

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mencapai kemerdekaan Indonesia

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pada awalnya organisasi ini hanya

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ditujukan bagi golongan berpendidikan di

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Pulau Jawa hingga saat ini tanggal

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berdirinya Budi Utomo diperingati

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sebagai hari kebangkitan nasional

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Indonesia Budi Utomo berasal dari bahasa

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Sansekerta Budi yang berarti kesadaran

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Utomo dari kata utama yang berarti

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sangat baik Budi Utomo dapat diartikan

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sebagai kesadaran yang sangat baik pada

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tahun 1907 Wahidin sudirohu melakukan

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kunjungan ke stovia dan bertemu dengan

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para pelajar yang masih bersekolah di

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sana ia menyerukan gagasan pada mereka

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untuk membentuk organisasi yang dapat

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mengangkat derajat bangsa Selain itu

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Sudirohusodo juga ingin mendirikan

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sebuah organisasi di bidang pendidikan

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untuk bisa membantu biaya orang-orang

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pribumi yang berprestasi dan mempunyai

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keinginan untuk bersekolah tetapi

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terhambat karena tidak memiliki biaya

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gagasan ini menarik bagi para pelajar di

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sana khususnya Sutomo Gunawan

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Mangunkusumo dan Suraji Tirtonegoro

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selanjutnya Sutomo bersama dengan Suraji

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mengadakan pertemuan dengan para pelajar

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stovia yang lain untuk membicarakan

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gagasan organisasi yang disampaikan oleh

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Sudirohusodo acara berlangsung tidak

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resmi di ruang anatomi milik stovia saat

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tidak ada jam pelajaran pertemuan

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tersebut membentuk sebuah organisasi

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yang diberi nama Perkumpulan Budi Utomo

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sehingga Budi Utomo berdiri pada tanggal

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20 di tahun 1908 di Jakarta

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Budi Utomo menjadi awal sebuah era

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nasionalisme Indonesia yang dikenal

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dengan nama pergerakan nasional tokoh

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yang tercatat sebagai Pendiri Budi Utomo

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terdiri dari 9 orang yaitu Muhammad

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Sulaiman gondosuwarno Gunawan

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Mangunkusumo Raden angkat Royal sudirjo

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Muhammad Saleh Raden Mas gumbre dan

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Suwarno saat masih didirikan di stovia

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organisasi ini telah memiliki susunan

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pengurus yang tertulis di dalam anggaran

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dasar dan anggaran rumah tangga pada

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masa itu Sutomo menjadi ketua dan

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Sulaiman Affandi Karta jumena sebagai

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wakilnya pengurus lainnya terdiri dari

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gondosuwarno sebagai sekretaris 1 dan

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Gunawan sebagai sekretaris 2 serta

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bendahara yang dijabat oleh angka proyek

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sudirjo sisa pendiri lainnya menjabat

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sebagai komisaris seiring perkembangan

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waktu anggota Budi Utomo terus bertambah

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tokoh-tokoh penting Gerakan Indonesia

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seperti Ki Hajar Dewantara Cipto

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Mangunkusumo Tirto Adi Suryo pangeran

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haryonotodirojo dan Raden Adipati

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tirtokusumo menjadi bagian dari

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organisasi tersebut berita berdirinya

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perkumpulan ini tersebar di surat kabar

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dan menimbulkan gerakan untuk mendirikan

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cabang di berbagai kota

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kantor-kantor cabang pun didirikan di

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kota Magelang Probolinggo dan Yogyakarta

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namun fenomena ini mengancam status para

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pendiri perkumpulan tersebut terutama

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Sutomo karena Sutomo dianggap sebagai

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pemimpin kelompok pemberontakan terhadap

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Hindia Belanda bersama dengan

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teman-teman pelajarnya atas dasar ini

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Sutomo terancam dikeluarkan dari stuvia

play03:53

sebagai bentuk solidaritas

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teman-temannya ikut berjanji untuk

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keluar dari sekolah tersebut jika Sutomo

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dikeluarkan namun Sutomo tidak jadi

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dikeluarkan karena mendapatkan pembelaan

play04:05

dari hermanus

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Suto yang mudah menjadi alasan sifat

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berapi apinya sama seperti orang yang

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menuduh Sutomo ketika mereka saat muda

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pada bulan Juli tahun

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1908 Budi Utomo telah mencapai anggota

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yang berjumlah 650 orang yang terdiri

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dari priayi berpangkat rendah dan

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pelajar rencana pelaksanaan Kongres

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melewati beragam persiapan untuk

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membiayai penyelenggaraan Kongres para

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anggota menggunakan uang tunjangan hari

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raya dari stovia serta menjual

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barang-barang kepemilikan tiap anggota

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seperti jam tangan kain panjang dan kain

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pengikat kepala selain dana tersebut

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Sutomo juga mendapatkan bantuan pinjaman

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uang dari roll tiap anggota pun

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diperintahkan untuk menghubungi para

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tokoh dengan surat undangan atau

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kunjungan Saleh mengunjungi para saudari

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dari Raden Ajeng Kartini di Jepara

play05:00

Gunawan mengunjungi Raden Adipati

play05:02

tirtokusumo yang saat itu menjabat

play05:04

Bupati Karanganyar dan Sutomo

play05:07

mengunjungi Ernest Douwes Dekker di

play05:09

Jakarta

play05:09

tokoh-tokoh lain yang turut dihubungi

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seperti Kusumo Utoyo selaku Bupati

play05:14

Jepara Ahmad jayadiningrat selaku Bupati

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Serang Pangeran aryokusumo Yudho di

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Jatinegara Sutomo yang bersekolah di

play05:22

sekolah pamong praja di Magelang serta

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Raden Mas Adipati Cokro adikusumo yang

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menjabat sebagai bupati Temanggung pada

play05:30

tanggal 3 sampai 5 Oktober tahun

play05:33

1908 Budi Utomo menyelenggarakan

play05:36

kongresnya yang pertama di Yogyakarta

play05:38

Salah satu agenda yang dibahas merupakan

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usulan dari Sudirohusodo untuk

play05:42

mendirikan badan bantuan pendidikan

play05:45

tapi usulan itu ditolak dengan tiga poin

play05:48

penolakan yaitu keterbatasan gerakan

play05:51

badan bantuan pelajar kesulitan saat

play05:53

pelaksanaan dan aktivitas membantu

play05:55

pelajar merupakan sebagian program

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pekerjaan Budi Utomo meskipun para

play06:01

pelajar stovia merupakan pendiri awal

play06:03

dari Budi Utomo mereka menyerahkan

play06:05

kepemimpinan kepada orang-orang yang

play06:07

lebih tua dan berpengalaman sebagai

play06:09

untuk penghormatan dan untuk

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menyelesaikan beban studi di stovia

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terutama Sutomo yang masih harus

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menjalani pendidikan selama 3 tahun

play06:17

akhirnya kongres tersebut menunjuk

play06:20

tirtokusumo sebagai ketua umum dan

play06:22

Wahidin Sudirohusodo sebagai wakil ketua

play06:25

Kongres tersebut juga Mencetuskan tujuan

play06:28

Budi Utomo yaitu menjamin kehidupan

play06:30

sebagai bangsa yang terhormat serta arah

play06:33

organisasi sebagai organisasi yang

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berfokus pada pendidikan pengajaran dan

play06:38

kebudayaan para pelajar stovian ditunjuk

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sebagai pengurus cabang Betawi dan

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kantor pusat ditetapkan berada di

play06:45

Yogyakarta hingga diadakannya kongres

play06:48

yang pertama ini Budi Utomo telah

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memiliki 7 cabang di beberapa kota

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seperti Batavia Bogor Bandung Magelang

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Yogyakarta Surabaya dan Ponorogo hingga

play07:00

tahun

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1909 anggota Budi Utomo mencapai 10.000

play07:05

anggota masa kepemimpinan tirtokusumo

play07:09

dari ka penyiar berlangsung dari tahun

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1908 sampai tahun

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1911

play07:15

tirtokusumo yang juga merupakan Bupati

play07:18

Karanganyar Kebumen dikenal memiliki

play07:20

karakter kepemimpinan yang kuat jenius

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dan progresif selama masa

play07:25

kepemimpinannya organisasi Budi Utomo

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menciptakan beberapa gerakan seperti

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penerbitan majalah guru Desa serta

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perubahan kurikulum pengajaran bahasa

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Belanda yang semula diajarkan dari kelas

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3 ke atas menjadi dimulai sejak Kelas 1

play07:39

hasil ini dinilai lambat karena

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seharusnya dengan cabang-cabang Budi

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Utomo yang cukup banyak gerakannya

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terlalu berhati-hati organisasi ini juga

play07:49

tetap terus berjuang di bidang sosial

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budaya tanpa menyentuh bidang politik

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meskipun menjalin hubungan dekat dengan

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pemerintah karena sebagian besar anggota

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merupakan pegawai pemerintah salah satu

play08:01

faktor yang menyebabkan lambatnya

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gerakan organisasi ini mungkin karena

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organisasi menerapkan prinsip Biar

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lambat asal selamat daripada hidup

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sebentar mati tanpa bekas yang menganut

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cara hidup pohon beringin yang tumbuhnya

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lambat tetapi saat tumbuh besar dapat

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menjadi tempat berteduh yang rindang dan

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kokoh Selain faktor tersebut gerakan

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lambat ini mungkin juga karena faktor

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anggota yang mayoritas merupakan pangreh

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Praja yang takut bertindak meskipun

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terkesan lambat berita pendirian Budi

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Utomo mendapatkan reaksi yang cukup

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besar dari pemerintahan Belanda seperti

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saat Belanda mengeluarkan keputusan

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pemerintah pada tanggal 14 September

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tahun

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1908 Nomor 12 yang mendirikan kamar si

play08:45

for the englance

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akibat gerakannya yang lambat ini

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beberapa anggota keluar dari keanggotaan

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Budi Utomo seperti Cipto Mangunkusumo

play08:59

dan Ki Hajar Dewantara peristiwa

play09:01

keluarnya Cipto terjadi saat ia menjabat

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sebagai komisaris dewan perkumpulan pada

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rapat pengurus besar tanggal 9 SE Jember

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tahun 199 di Yogyakarta Cipto

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menyampaikan usul untuk memperluas

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keanggotaan untuk mengikutsertakan India

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atau orang indo yang lahir tinggal dan

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akan mati di Hindia Belanda usul ini

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mendapatkan penolakan dari Radjiman

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Wedyodiningrat sehingga menyebabkan

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perdebatan yang sengit diantara mereka

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pada akhirnya usul Cipto ditolak

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sehingga ia mengundurkan diri dari

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jabatan serta keanggotaannya semenjak

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dipimpin oleh Raden Adipati tirtokusumo

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banyak anggota baru Budi Utomo yang

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bergabung dari kalangan bangsawan dan

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pejabat kolonial sehingga banyak anggota

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muda yang memilih untuk menyingkir Pada

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masa itu pula muncul Sarekat Islam yang

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pada awalnya dimaksudkan sebagai suatu

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perhimpunan bagi para pedagang besar

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maupun kecil di Solo dengan nama Sarekat

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Dagang Islam untuk saling memberi

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bantuan dan dukungan tidak Berapa lama

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nama itu diubah oleh Cokroaminoto

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menjadi Sarekat Islam yang bertujuan

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untuk mempersatukan semua orang

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Indonesia yang hidupnya tertindas oleh

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penjajahan sudah pasti keberadaan

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perkumpulan ini ditakuti orang Belanda

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munculnya gerakan yang bersifat politik

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semacam itu menyebabkan Budi Utomo

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mengalami kemunduran

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kepemimpinan perjuangan orang Indonesia

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diambil alih oleh Sarekat Islam dan

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Indische Partij karena dalam arena

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politik Budi Utomo memang belum

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berpengalaman akibat gerakan politik

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perkumpulan perkumpulan tersebut makna

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nasionalisme makin dimengerti oleh

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kalangan luas ada beberapa kasus yang

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menunjukkan rasa nasionalisme misalnya

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ketika pemerintah Hindia Belanda hendak

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merayakan ulang tahun kemerdekaan

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Belanda dengan menggunakan uang rakyat

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yang dipungut melalui pejabat pangreh

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Praja pribumi rakyat menjadi sangat

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marah

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kepemimpinan tirtokusumo digantikan oleh

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dirojo pada tahun

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1911 karena tidak sanggup lagi mengikuti

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arus dalam gerakan Budi Utomo

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kepemimpinan di Rojo di ini terlihat

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mengambil sikap dan progresif pada masa

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kepemimpinannya Budi Utomo berhasil

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mendirikan 3 sekolah yaitu satu di Solo

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dan dua di Yogyakarta

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pencapaian ini dapat diraih berkat

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bantuan Hamengkubuwono 8 yang memberikan

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bantuan tanah sebesar 100.000 Golden

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Belanda dan hibah sebesar 45.000 Golden

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Belanda

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Sudirohusodo pun juga berhasil

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mewujudkan gagasannya dengan mendirikan

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badan bantuan pendidikan yang bernama

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dharmawara yang mendapatkan bantuan dari

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pemerintah sebesar Rp50.000 Golden

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Belanda pada saat itu Ernest Douwes

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Dekker merupakan seorang Indo Belanda

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yang sangat memperjuangkan bangsa

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Indonesia dengan terus terang mewujudkan

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kata politik ke dalam tindakan yang

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nyata berkat pengaruhnya pengertian

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mengenai tanah air Indonesia makin lama

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makin bisa diterima dan masuk ke dalam

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pemahaman orang Jawa maka munculah

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Indische Partij yang sudah lama

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dipersiapkan oleh Douwes Dekker melalui

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aksi persnya perkumpulan ini bersifat

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politik dan terbuka bagi semua orang

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Indonesia tanpa terkecuali baginya tanah

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air api udara adalah di atas

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segala-galanya kemarahan itu mendorong

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Ki Hajar Dewantara untuk menulis sebuah

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artikel Seandainya saya seorang Belanda

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yang dimaksudkan sebagai suatu sindiran

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yang sangat pedas terhadap pihak Belanda

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tulisan itu pula yang menjebloskan

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dirinya bersama dua teman dan pembelanya

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yaitu Douwes Dekker dan Cipto

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Mangunkusumo ke penjara oleh pemerintah

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Hindia Belanda namun sejak itu Budi

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Utomo tampil sebagai motor politik dalam

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pergerakan orang-orang pribumi berbeda

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dengan Gunawan Mangunkusumo yang lebih

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mengutamakan kebudayaan dari pendidikan

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Suwardi menyatakan bahwa Budi Utomo

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adalah manisvestasi dari perjuangan

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nasionalisme menurut Suwardi orang-orang

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Indonesia mengajarkan kepada bangsanya

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bahwa nasionalisme Indonesia tidaklah

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bersifat kultural tetapi murni bersifat

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politik

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dengan demikian nasionalisme terdapat

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pada orang Sumatera Jawa Sulawesi maupun

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Maluku pendapat tersebut bertentangan

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dengan beberapa pendapat yang mengatakan

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bahwa Budi Utomo hanya mengenal

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nasionalisme Jawa sebagai alat untuk

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mempersatukan orang Jawa dengan menolak

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suku bangsa lain demikian pula Sarekat

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Islam juga tidak mengenal pengertian

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nasionalisme Tetapi hanya

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mempersyaratkan agama Islam agar

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seseorang bisa menjadi anggota namun

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Suwardi tetap mengatakan bahwa pada

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hakikatnya akan segera tampak bahwa

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dalam perhimpunan Budi Utomo maupun

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Sarekat Islam nasionalisme Indonesia ada

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dan merupakan unsur yang paling penting

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masa-masa kepemimpinan Budi Utomo tanpa

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memasuki bidang politik berlangsung

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selama periode tahun

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198 sampai tahun

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1926 sebelum kepulangan Sutomo dari

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Belanda

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sepulangnya Sutomo dia mendirikan

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organisasi persatuan bangsa Indonesia

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yang merupakan partai yang dia ketuai

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PBI merupakan organisasi yang diadirikan

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pada tanggal 16 Oktober tahun

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1930 untuk menggantikan Indonesia sestu

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di klub sebagai organisasi politik ISC

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sendiri didirikan pada tanggal 1 Juli

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tahun

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1924 yang beranggotakan para cendekiawan

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untuk memberikan pengajaran membentuk

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usaha bagi masyarakat seperti sekolah

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tenun bank kredit koperasi dan

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sebagainya karena perkembangan organ

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Sasi ini hanya terbatas di pulau Jawa

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dan Madura serta mulai berkembangnya

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organisasi seperti Sarekat Islam yang

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mencakup keanggotaan tanpa ada batasan

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wilayah Budi Utomo pun mengalami

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kemunduran komisi Budi Utomo dengan PBI

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pun dibentuk pada bulan Januari tahun

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1934 dan menghasilkan kesepakatan untuk

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meleburkan diri proses peleburan terjadi

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pada kongres Budi Utomo tanggal

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24-26 Desember tahun

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135 di Solo akhirnya Budi Utomo

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bergabung dengan pergerakan lainnya dan

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membentuk Partai Indonesia Raya

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[Musik]

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Étiquettes Connexes
Budi UtomoIndonesian HistoryYouth MovementIndependence StruggleCultural AwakeningEducational ReformNationalismSutomoSudirohusodoStovia School
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